Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course and biochemical findings in a case of carbamyl-phosphate-synthetase deficiency are described. The patient, a boy, presented 48 h after birth with rapidly developing hypotonia and hypothermia. Pulmonary haemorrhage, melaena and haematemesis ensued and despite ventilatory assistance and peritoneal dialysis the patient died on the fifth day. A virtual absence of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (N-acetylglutamate dependent) was proved by analysis of tissue samples removed post mortem. Other urea cycle enzymes were normal.
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PMID:Carbamyl-phosphate-synthetase deficiency with neonatal onset of symptoms. 19 78

A new case of propionic acidemia is presented, paying special attention to the early symptoms of this disease, such as increased drowsiness, muscular hypotonia, poor feeding, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, ketonuria and vomiting. Investigation by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the excretion of fairly high amounts of 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid, a condensation product of two molecules of propionyl-CoA, as well as the known pathological metabolites such as propionic, 3-hydroxypropionic and methylcitric acids. Among the post mortem findings the histological studies of the liver were the most remarkable.
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PMID:Excretion of 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid in propionic acidemia. 66 27

The effect of maprotiline (N-methyl-9, 10-ethanoanthracene-9 (10H)-propylamine) on animal behavior was investigated in mice and rats and compared with those of amitriptyline and imipramine. Maprotiline inhibited reserpine hypothermia in mice and tetrabenazine ptosis in rats, while it potentiated the effects of methamphetamine, L-DOPA and apomorphine in mice, in a similar manner to that of amitriptyline and imipramine. Maprotiline was more potent than anitriptyline and imipramine in antagonizing haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as in suppressing muricide induced by either olfactory bulbectomy or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Maprotiline potentiated anesthesia induced by thiopental or ether in mice to a lesser degree than did amitriptyline, and failed to counteract the lethal effect of physostigmine or oxotremorine tremor in mice, indicating that this drug has no central anti-cholinergic effect. Maprotiline markedly inhibited hyperemotionality of the rat with either septal lesions or olfactory bulb ablations, suggesting that it does have a tranquilizing effect. Inhibition of conditioned avoidance response of the rat in the shuttle box and reduction of methamphetamine group toxicity with maprotiline were similar to those with amitriptyline. Maprotiline exaggerated pentetrazol convulsion, decreased muscle tone and impaired coordinated motor activity in mice to a much lesser degree than amitriptyline and imipramine. LD50 of maprotiline was approximately twice that of imipramine and three times that of amitriptyline. These results indicate that maprotiline is a new type of antidepressant, has a low toxicity and shares both potent antidepressant and some tranquilizing effect, without possessing central anticholinergic action.
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PMID:[Behavior pharmacology of maprotiline, a new antidepressant]. 124 Aug 30

The case is described of a neonate who suffered from withdrawal symptoms within 24 hours after birth as a result of the use of clomipramine by the mother during pregnancy. The symptoms consisted of increased irritability, alternating hyper- en hypotonia, hyperreflexia, cyanosis and hypothermia. He was treated with clonazepam with good result. Prescription of clomipramine during pregnancy should be restricted to specific cases and the doses should be kept as low as possible. Because the symptoms are withdrawal symptoms, phenobarbital should not be used as treatment, as it increases drug metabolism by the liver causing an even faster decrease of plasma concentrations of clomipramine. Clonazepam is the drug of choice.
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PMID:[Neonatal withdrawal symptoms following the use of clomipramine during pregnancy]. 143 66

General pharmacological properties of cefepime (CFPM), a new injectable semisynthetic cephalosporin and its metabolite N-methylpyrrolidine-N-oxide (NMP-N-oxide) were studied in laboratory animals. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. CFPM reduced spontaneous locomotor activity but potentiate the anesthesia at the highest dose in mice. Furthermore, significant hypothermia and analgesia were observed at the same dose in mice. No effects were found on the other CNS function in mice and rats or on EEG activities in rabbits. 2. Muscle relaxant activity was not observed in mice treated with CFPM even at the highest dose. 3. CFPM had no effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and did not show any antagonism against some smooth muscle contracting drugs. 4. The respiration, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG were affected by CFPM. Those changes, however, might have been principally caused by L-arginine blended with CFPM product. 5. No effect of CFPM on the intestinal movement or gastric secretion was found even at the highest dose of CFPM. 6. The pH neutralizer L-arginine caused alterations in the renal function and electrolyte metabolism but CFPM did not. 7. Whole blood clotting time tended to be lengthened by CFPM at the highest concentration but this effect seemed to have been caused by L-arginine. Other parameters of the coagulation system or red blood cell resistance were not affected by CFPM. 8. NMP-N-oxide, a metabolite of CFPM, had almost no effect on any of the tested parameters except for its slight effect on the circulatory system. These findings indicate that CFPM has scarcely any pharmacological properties which might be leading to severe adverse reactions in clinical use.
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PMID:[General pharmacology of cefepime]. 150 98

Five published case reports of clonidine patch toxicity in pediatric patients bring to light the importance of educating the public regarding appropriate use and disposal of transdermal drug-delivery systems. With the increasing use of clonidine transdermal delivery systems it is important that clonidine patch toxicity be considered in pediatric patients presenting with symptoms of depressed consciousness, miosis, hypoventilation, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotonia, or convulsions. Appropriate early supportive management is essential to avoid serious morbidity or mortality in the pediatric patient, and is reviewed herein.
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PMID:Clonidine patch toxicity. 187 84

A 28-day-old infant developed lethargy, hypotonia, and hypothermia following a phenobarbital overdose secondary to a pharmacist's error. He was treated with multiple dose activated charcoal (MDAC) and alkalinization of the urine, which resulted in prompt recovery with rapid elimination of the drug (t1/2-11.2 hours, expected 45 to 118 hours). The use of MDAC in this newborn was safe and effective. We suggest that age should not pose a barrier to the use of MDAC, when indicated.
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PMID:Treatment of phenobarbital poisoning with multiple dose activated charcoal in an infant. 221 64

Four patients suffered a distinctive neurologic syndrome after undergoing profound hypothermia and complete circulatory arrest for congenital heart lesion repair. Symptom onset was delayed 24-120 hours postoperatively. The syndrome consists of choreoathetosis and oral-facial dyskinesias, hypotonia, affective changes, and pseudobulbar signs (CHAP). Precise anatomic localization is uncertain. Magnetic resonance imaging of 2 patients did not reveal basal ganglia lesions. Pathogenesis is obscure.
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PMID:A distinctive neurologic syndrome after induced profound hypothermia. 236 Sep 62

Birth asphyxia is frequent and often severe, occurring in about 10% and 1% respectively of all births; in a third it is unexpected. Delivery rooms must be organised and equipped and trained staff readily available so as to provide appropriate and timely resuscitation of the newborn. Simple procedures designed to prevent hypothermia, maintain a patent airway, improve oxygenation and ventilation are sufficient for the majority of babies. Circulatory support and biochemical resuscitation will be needed in a few. In the absence of other abnormalities, the long term prognosis for newborns who respond promptly to resuscitation is good. Every baby, no matter how severely asphyxiated must therefore be promptly and vigorously resuscitated. Only those with a Apgar score of less than 4 at 10 minutes, prolonged hypotonia or seizures have a poor prognosis. With the needs in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation understood and met, research is now being directed at neuroresuscitation.
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PMID:Resuscitation at birth. 237 83

Neonates are susceptible to infection since several elements of the immune system are deficient. At present, the most common pathogens are Group B streptococci and Escherichia coli. Prolonged rupture of membranes with amnionitis is a high-risk setting. Clinical signs suggesting neonatal sepsis include respiratory distress, poor feeding, hypothermia, seizures and hypotonia. After the sepsis work-up is completed, the initial choice of antibiotics is based on the prevailing organisms and antibiotic sensitivities within the community.
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PMID:Neonatal sepsis. 389 74


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