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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regional blood flow and distribution of cardiac output (CO) were evaluated by the radioactive microsphere technique in seven rhesus monkeys prior to anesthesia, following the induction of deep ether anesthesia and throughout the cooling course during surface-induced hypothermia to temperatures of 20 degrees C. As given, deep ether anesthesia alone significantly decreased CO 10% to 15% and output fraction (Qt) was decreased to the carcass, increased to the splanchnic circulation (although not statistically significant), and unchanged to other organs, while total vascular (TVR) and organ resistances were reduced. With the addition of cooling, CO progressively decreased. Individual organ Qt's, however, did not change from anesthetized normothermic values; thus organ flows decreased parallel to the reduction of CO as cooling progressed. TVR and organ vascular resistances increased to levels in excess of 150% of anesthetized precooling values, apparently as the result of viscosity rather than vascular changes.
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PMID:Effects of ether anesthesia and surface-induced hypothermia on regional blood flow. 10 15

Direction of blood flow in angularis oculi veins was recorded in humans. In mild hypothermia, blood flow was weak and directed from brain to face. In hyperthermia, however, blood flowed rapidly in the opposite direction, angularis oculi vein collecting cool facial blood and supplying cavernous sinus. Therefore selective cooling of human brain is possible.
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PMID:[Reversal of human ophthalmic vein blood flow : selective cooling of the brain]. 10 15

The effect of pentobarbital and hypothermia on the development of ischemic brain edema was studied in 23 rhesus monkeys undergoing transorbital middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fifteen additional animals served as unclipped controls. Regional cortical cerebral blood flow (rCBF), arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2), and regional cortical metabolic rate of O2 (rCMRO2) were measured hourly until sacrifie 11 hours postocclusion, at which time ischemic cerebral edema was measured. In 8 animals no treatment followed the occlusion, and these developed edema. In 7 animals pentobarbial 14 mg/kg was administered intravenously 30 min after occlusion and 7 mg/kg every 2 hours thereafter. In this group ischemic brain edema was negligible. In 8 animals, hypothermia to 25.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C was started 30 min after occlusion and maintained until sacrifice; ischemic brain edema was not significantly altered from untreated-clipped animals. On the basis that both pentobarbital and hypothermia produced similar changes in rCBF, AVDO2, and rCMRO2, but only pentobarbital prevented edema, it is postulated that the mode of action of barbiturates in preventing ischemic brain edema is not entirely related to their known effect on blood flow and metabolism.
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PMID:Ischemic brain edema: comparative effects of barbiturates and hypothermia. 10 24

The effects of parenterally injected pargyline and tryptophan on rectal temperature and behavior have been studied in male and female rats. Pargyline alone (50 mg/kg) produced hypothermia in both sexes. Pargyline (50 mg/kg) followed by low doses (20--50 mg/kg) of tryptophan caused a behavioral syndrome consisting of tremor, hindlimb abduction, forepaw treading, and straub tail. In females, but not in males, hypothermia was potentiated. The same dose of pargyline followed by higher doses (60--150 mg/kg) of tryptophan produced a short hypothermia followed by a dose-dependent behavioral syndrome, hyperthermia, and mortality. On all of these measures, females responded following shorter latencies and lower doses of tryptophan. Both hypothermia and hyperthermia were observed in treated animals following pretreatment with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. The results suggest a complex role for serotonin in thermoregulation. The sex differences observed suggest higher activity of serotonin in female rat brains following the drug treatment, which may be accounted for by a higher utilization rate of tryptophan.
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PMID:Sex differences in behavioral and thermal responses to pargyline and tryptophan. 10 23

Rats were rendered tolerant to ethanol by daily gavage of 4--5 g/kg. The degree of motor impairment on the moving belt test and of hypothermia after i.p. test doses of ethanol was measured prior to and at various times during the chronic treatment, to assess the rates of tolerance development. L-Tryptophan (75 mg/kg twice daily) was administered chronically to elevate brain serotonin level. This treatment did not alter the motor impairment or hypothermia produced by the initial test doses of ethanol (2.0 and 2.5 g/kg respectively). However, the development of tolerance to both the motor impairment and hypothermia effects of ethanol was accelerated in the tryptophan-treated rats. This finding complements our earlier observations that depletion of 5-HT with p-CPA slows down tolerance. Blood ethanol measurements at 20 min (motor impairment) or 90 min (hypothermia) after the administration of the test dose reveal no significant difference between the control and tryptophan-treated rats, suggesting that tryptophan did not influence the metabolism of ethanol. This finding supports the hypothesis that brain serotonin modulates the development of tolerance to ethanol.
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PMID:Effect of L-tryptophan on the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol-induced motor impairment and hypothermia. 10 29

The central action of the potential antidepressant drug pizotifen (Sandomigran) was studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Pizotifen in doses up to 10 mg/kg i.p. was ineffective in classic tests for antidepressant activity. It neither antagonized the effects of reserpine in rats (hypothermia, ptosis) nor potentiated the effects of amphetamine (in mice and rats), nialamide or L-dopa (in mice) on locomotor activity. However, its antidepressant activitiy was found in the 'despair test' in rats. On the other hand, pizotifen inhibited the head twitch reaction induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan in mice (ED50 = 0.009 mg/kg, i.p.) and by 5-methoxytryptamine (+ tranylcypromine) in rats (ED50 = 0.45 mg/kg, i.p.). It also antagonized tryptamine-induced clonic convulsions of fore-paws in rats (ED50 = 0.35 mg/kg, i.p.), and in doses of 5--10 mg/kg s.c. inhibited hyperthermia produced by LSD in rabbits. Finally, pizotifen (0.1--0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited or abolished LSD- or quipazine-induced stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex of spinal rats; the above effect was not due to noradrenolytic action of the drug. These results suggest that pizotifen strongly blocks the central postsynaptic serotonin receptors.
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PMID:The central action of pizotifen. 11 Dec 96

The purpose of this study was to examine (1) whether there were a relationship between the sex-related differences in 51-day-old OF1 mice, regarding male aggressiveness and their sensitivity to an acute hypoxic (nitrogen) 50% lethal challenge, and (2) whether these sex-related differences could be modified by psychoactive drugs acutely injected at nonincapacitating doses. The introduction of a previously isolated male in grouped (10) mice decreased survival to the hypoxic challenge more in females than in males. The previously isolated male, which acted as an 'aggressor' with grouped mice (fights and flights in male groups, and mounts in female groups), had a higher hypoxic mortality than the mice of the groups under aggression. Psychoactive drugs were intraperitoneally injected in grouped mice before the introduction of the male aggressor. Clorazepate (5 and 25 mg/kg) abolished the sex-related difference in hypoxic survival in groups in the presence of, but not in the absence of, the previously isolated male. Conversely, hydroxyzine (5 mg/kg) and dexamphetamine (1 mg/kg) suppressed the sex-related difference only in the absence of the aggressor. The effects of these drugs appeared to be associated more with flight than with fight reactions provoked by the introduction of the male aggressor. A deep hypothermia was noted in clorazepate-treated mice at the issue of the hypoxic challenge.
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PMID:Action of psychoactive drugs on sex-related differences of OF1 mice; intraspecific aggressiveness and acute hypoxia survival. 11 29

The following is a case report of a 6-week-old premature infant in whom a ball-valve thrombus developed after prolonged central venous alimentation. Clinical presentation included facial edema, cyanotic episodes, and apnea. No murmur was present, but the diagnosis was suspected when a calcified right atrial mass became apparent on the plain chest film. The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and then venous and cardiac angiography. The calcified thrombus was removed successfully from the right atrium by use of profound hypothermia with ether anesthesia and total circulatory arrest. Subsequently, the patient made an uneventful recovery and is healthy 3 years postoperatively.
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PMID:Right atrial ball-valve thrombus: a complication of central venous alimentation in an infant. Diagnosis and successful surgical management of a case. 11 29

Acquisition and retention of a shock avoidance task were impaired in mice at 5 h and 5 days but not at 14 days after withdrawal from 5 days of chronic alcohol consumption. Mice trained before ingestion of an alcohol-containing diet showed impairment in retention of the shock avoidance procedure 5 h after withdrawal from the diet but not during ingestion or 5 days after withdrawal. At 5 h after withdrawal from the alcohol-containing diet, motor activity and sensitivity to shock were not affected, but there was a decreased motor response to shock. There was no correlation between performance of the avoidance task and the severity of withdrawal signs, as measured by hypothermia or convulsions on handling. The hypothermia and other withdrawal signs were reversed by acute injection of alcohol, but the impairment in avoidance responding was not. These results demonstrate that consumption of an ethanol-containing diet for periods as short as 5 days results in relatively long-lasting alterations in avoidance behavior after withdrawal of the diet. This behavioral impairment appears to be distinct from other signs of alcohol withdrawal.
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PMID:Impairment of avoidance behavior following short-term ingestion of alcohol. 11 11

Levels of ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion and hypothermia were found to be directly related to the concentration of fixed amounts of ethanol injected i.p. in a range of doses (1.0--1.8 g/kg) and concentrations (8--32% v/v) commonly used in behavioral studies. No effect of ethanol concentration on locomotor activity was obtained. The results of blood-ethanol determinations indicate that a given dose of ethanol is absorbed more rapidly, and thus reaches greater peak levels, when injected in a higher concentration. Thus ethanol dosage might be better manipulated by varying the volume of a single concentration rather than by altering concentration. In this way, dose-response data will not be obscured by concentration-induced differences in absorption.
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PMID:Effects of concentration of ethanol injected intraperitoneally on taste aversion, body temperature, and activity. 11 33


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