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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of LiCl and RbCl on the antinociception caused by three antidepressants and pimozide were studied in mice. On the hot plate LiCl given acutely or chronically did not modify the antinociception of any drug although it augmented hypothermia induced by chlorimipramine and occasionally also that caused by desipramine and doxepine, and also caused definitive changes in motor abilities. RbCl given acutely (2.5 mEq/kg) or for 5 or 21 days in tap water (1 g/liter) abolished the antinociception caused by pimozide and when given acutely or for 5 days that of desipramine. In the phenylquinone writhing test LiCl when given for 21 days enhanced the nearly complete antinociception caused by chlorimipramine, doxepine and pimozide. These effects of ions did not seem to be related to changes in body temperature, motor coordination nor motility.
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PMID:Effects of lithium and rubidium on antinociception and behaviour in mice. II. Studies on three tricyclic antidepressants and pimozide. 1 Aug 67

The effects of morphine and pethidine upon body temperature and upon the reversal of reserpine hypothermia in the mouse were investigated. Both morphine and pethidine produced a dose-dependent fall in body temperature, that of morphine being totally antagonized by nalorphine and partially by naloxone, while that of pethidine was antagonised by naloxone and enhanced by nalorphine. Both drugs reversed reserpine-induced hypothermia. The reversal by morphine, but not by pethidine, was partially antagonized by naloxone. Adrenalectomy prevented the reversal of reserpine hypothermia by pethidine but morphine produced a partial reversal. Ganglion blockade and alpha-and beta-blockade all prevented reversal of reserpine hypothermia by both drugs. The results are discussed with regard to differences between pethidine and morphine and possible involvement of opiate receptors.
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PMID:A comparison of the effects of morphine and pethidine upon body temperature and the reversal of reserpine's effects upon body temperature in the mouse. 1 Dec 91

Blood gases were measured in hibernating and hypothermic animals as a biological model of clinical hypothermia. Blood gas analyses from hamsters and dormice were carried out with the aid of permanent arterial catheters during normothermia and hibernation. In golden hamster pH increased from 7.30 to 7.46 during hibernation and PaCO2 decreased from 59.7 to 40.5 mm Hg. In dormice pH increased from 7.24 to 7.44 and PaCO2 decreases from 38.5 to 27.4 mm Hg. The actual bicarbonate concentration increased from 29 to 52 mMol in golden hamsters and from 16 to 34 mMol in dormice during hibernation. In experiments with induced hypothermia in golden hamsters under ketamine-anaesthesia there was no correlation between temperature and PaCO2. Despite the slight decrease in PaCO2 during hibernation we conclude that PaCO2 rather than total carbon dioxide content is held constant when temperature is changed. During clinical hypothermia it will probably be safe to keep PaCO2 constant.
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PMID:Blood gas analyses of hibernating hamsters and dormice. 1 44

Pharmacological properties of 2 amino-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (TR-10) were investigated in mice and rats. Chlorpromazine served as a reference compound. Tr-10 expressed in general the pharmacological profiles as neuroleptic ascertained by anti-methamphetamine activity, supression of conditioned avoidance response, taming effects, decrease in exploratory behavior and cataleptogenic activity. Among these effects, anti-methamphetamine action was most potent. Different from chlorpromazine, TR-10 showed a similar pharmacological activity pattern in the intraperitoneal and oral routes of administration as depicted from ED50/LD50 values. Although the effects relevant to neuroleptics were less potent than chlorpromazine, such were seen with TR-10 at lower doses than those causing muscle relaxation. TR-10 significantly depressed the spontaneous motor activity but showed no anti-convulsant action in mice. Hypothermic action, potentiating effects of hypnotics and alpha-adrenergic blocking action, characteristic to chlorpromazine, were very weak for TR-10. TR-10 also showed low toxicity in mice (LD50 = 820 mg/kg p.o., 465 mg/kg i.p.) compared with that of chlorpromazine (LD50 = 370 mg/kg p.o., 228 mg/kg i.p.).
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PMID:Pharmacological studies on triazine derivatives V Sedative and neuroleptic actions of 2-amino-4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-6-trifluoromethyl-s-triazine (TR-10). 1 93

The effects of narcotic analgesics on the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-Ht) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels of rats and mice were investigated in relation to our preceding data on the effect of humoral modulatorents. The results suggest that morphine accelerates the release of brain 5-HT both in rats and mice, and that neither methadone nor pethidine alters the brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in rats. The morphine-induced increase in brain 5-HT turnover is likely to be involved in the morphine-induced decrease in locomotor activity and hypothermia in rats. The activity-decreasing effects of methadone or pethidine, on the other hand, are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the effects of morphine. In contrast, an increase in brain 5-HT turnover in mice apparently does not play an important role on activity-increasing effects of morphine but rather participates in other pharmacological effects of morphine.
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PMID:Effects of narcotic analgesics on serotonin metabolism in brain of rats and mice. 1 94

The necessity of providing alkalizing therapy after re-establishment of the local circulation was studied in 10 otherwise healthy patients with intermittent claudication. No such necessity was found in providing stable peroperative circulation, normo- to slight hypothermia, adequate infusions, and normal acid-base values prior to arterial clamping. It is pointed out that alkalosis can cause circulatory problems that are just as serious as those occurring with acidosis; therefore the routine use of alkalizing agents during vascular surgery is inadvisable. Should unstable circulatory parameters occur and hypoperfusion be suspected, then repeated control of the acid-base values is indicated.
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PMID:Acid-base status before and after arterial clamping. 1 71

The effects of giving propiopromazine alone and of electroanesthesia-propiopromazine treatment on thermoregulation (body temperature regulation) were studied in 3 sheep at ambient temperatures of 5, 25, and 35 C. Measures of thermoregulation during a 120-minute treatment and 120-treatment recovery period included rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, respiratory evaporative heat loss, metabolic heat production, multiple skin temperatures, and shivering. During cold exposure (5 C), both the propiopromazine administration and the electroanesthesia-propiopromazine treatment resulted in hypothermia which was attributed to increased peripheral and respiratory heat losses, a transient inhibition of shivering thermogenesis, and a reduction in metabolic heat production. At 35 C ambient temperature, both resulted in hyperthermia caused principally by a reduction in respiratory evaporative heat loss. The effects of electroanesthesia-propiopromazine treatment on thermoregulation appeared to be additive at both the cold (5 C) and the hot (35 C) environments, in that simultaneous administration resulted in a more profound thermoregulatory impairment. Nevertheless, shifts in body temperature during electroanesthesia are partly attributable to phenothiazine premedication.
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PMID:Effects of electroanesthesia and a phenothiazine tranquilizer on thermoregulation in the sheep. 1 89

Hypothermic protection of myocardia during E.C.C. has been estimated on a 35 dogs experimental series and on a clinical series of 700 acquired cardiopathies of adult, including 400 valvular replacements and 300 aorto-coronary by-pass. Experimental results have been estimated by biochemic and morphologic controls done on myocardic samples took up by drillbiopsy. The biochemical study includes among others a dosing of the high-energy phosphorus compounds (P.C. and A.T.P.). Morphological study was done by optic and electronic microscopy. Results made clear the superiority of the hypothermic ischemia at 10 degrees C on the continued perfusion at 32 degrees C with fibrillative heart. An hypothermic protection method with successively cold perfusion of the coronary system and a heart immersion in a salted solution at 4 degrees C has been utilized during valvular and coronary surgery on human in 700 cases. The total mortality was of 5,8 p. 100. The rate of post-operative infarcts was 2,4 p. 100. Incidence of intra-ventricular conduction troubles has been 1,1 p. 100. There was no relation between mortality and morbidity of myocardic origin and the lasting of the ischemic clamp, which were of 21 mn up to 165 mn. The low incidence of complications of myocardic origin is due to the hypothermic protection of the myocardia.
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PMID:[Protection of the myocardium by hypothermia during extracorporeal circulation. Experimental and clinical study]. 1 26

The quality of the myocardial protection by bilateral coronary perfusion was studied in a consecutive series of 80 patients treated by isolated aortic replacements (47 cases) or multiple replacements (mitro-aortic, or mitro-aortic and tricuspid) 33 cases. Four low outputs (5 p. 100) were observed with only one death. Five post-operative necroses (6.25) were noted. The overall surgical mortality was 6.25 p. 100 (5 cases out of 80). There were two deaths in the series of the 47 single replacements and three deaths (9) in the series of multiple replacements. At the same time, the myocardial protection was studied in a consecutive series of 12 cases of valvular replacements combined with coronary shunts. In all of the cases, the shunt or shunts were carried out first, the myocardial protection was subsequently ensured by a coronary perfusion carried out by means of the shunts and directly through the coronary orifices. There were 2 deaths (16), 2 necroses (16) both responsible for deaths and no low output in the 10 survivors. Coronary perfusion very certainly ensures an excellent quality of myocardial protection if certain criteria are respected: hypothermia, moderate (28 degrees) bilateral perfusion with a mean perfusion pressure above 100 also ensuring a good flow through the sub-endocardial layer, which remains particularly sensitive to ischiemia. In cases of associated shunts, they must be carried out, first of all, in cases of tight senoses, over 60.
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PMID:[Myocardial protection by coronary perfusion and specific problems of myocardial protection in combined valvular and coronary surgery]. 1 27

During 4 years (1970-1974), the numerous pre, per and post-operative datas collected for each adult operated under E.C.C. by the same surgeon, have been analysed on computer (547 cases). The myocardic protection method was unvariable: steady hypothermia of 30 degrees C, induced ventricular fibrillation, myocardic anoxia time less than 15 mn, strict out-bubbles of the left cavities. A direct perfusion of the coronary arteries has been used in case of aortotomy. Analysis of the early post-operative mortality causes and of the various post-operative myocardic complications did not reveal any baneful influence of this myocardic protection method. The average post-operative left auricular pressure, the most reliable test of the left ventricular dynamics, or its post-operative variations are independent of the ventricular fibrillation time, the perfusion time or the coronal output used.
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PMID:[Computer analysis of a method of myocardial protection used in a series of 547 operations under extracorporeal circulation in adults]. 1 28


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