Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute hypothermia and central nervous symptoms were observed in a 1 1/2 year-old child treated with erythromycin. The symptoms were mild hypothermia, ataxia, somnolence and apparent fatigue. Withdrawal of erythromycin led to reversal of the symptoms. Such side effects of antibiotics may be misinterpreted as involvement of the central nervous system in the infection for which the drug was given.
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PMID:[Acute hypothermia and adverse effects on the central nervous system during erythromycin therapy]. 791 59

Naphazoline, a sympathomimetic and an imidazoline derivative, is used as 0.05-0.1% solution for local decongestion of the nasal and ocular mucosa. In excessive dosage, or if ingested by accident, may cause depression of the central nervous system (disturbances of consciousness progressing to coma), hypothermia, bradycardia and sweating. These naphazoline effects are particularly strongly pronounced in children. Anglo-Saxon pharmacotherapy excludes the application of naphazoline nasal drops in children younger than six years, whereas the Croatian pharmacotherapeutic literature (and practice) allows its use even in infancy. At the Kantrida Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre in Rijeka, 11 children with signs of intoxication with naphazoline nasal drops were hospitalized from 1990 to 1992. The symptoms pertaining to the central nervous system i.e. disturbances of consciousness in the form of somnolence were clearly marked in all children. Some children developed skin pallor, bradycardia, bradypnoea and hypothermia. Resolution occurred within 24 hours and the findings returned to normal values. Clinical picture followed by rapid resolution and normal findings, with a personal history of drug taking, is a safe indication for diagnosis. There are several reasons to account for intoxication (drops difficult to use with children, containers inadequate for proper dosage), but the major factor is the age of the patient--all hospitalized children were younger than six years. It is pointed out that administration of naphazoline drops at an early age is not advisable.
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PMID:Naphazoline nasal drops intoxication in children. 806 10

We report the case of a 35-year-old male who was admitted to the intensive care unit because of somnolence due to accidental hypothermia. Initial examination showed a Glasgow coma score of 10 and a rectal temperature of 27.4 degrees C. Because of stable circulatory conditions, there was no mandatory indication for rewarming by means of cardiopulmonary bypass. We rewarmed the patient with an extracorporeal veno-venous haemofiltration device combined with a countercurrent fluid warmer. An average increase in body temperature of 1.34 degrees Ch-1 could be obtained. We conclude that the described technique represents an effective and well-controllable method for treatment of hypothermia in patients with stable haemodynamic conditions. Because of the availability of the required equipment, this method can also be practised in hospitals without cardiac surgical departments and cardiopulmonary bypass facilities.
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PMID:[Severe, accidental hypothermia: active rewarming with a simple extracorporeal veno-venous warming-circuit]. 901 7

After long-standing malnutrition a 15-month-old boy with signs of kwashiorkor was admitted in a moribund state with serious hyponatraemic dehydration, hypothermia, somnolence, and signs of a pontine disconnection syndrome. Folic acid levels were below the detection level in the presence of normal cobalamin levels. MRI of the brain showed global volume loss and signal abnormalities on the T2-weighted images suggestive for central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Brainstem acoustic evoked responses have remained normal. The serious metabolic and nutritional derangements required substitution of folic acid, vitamins and trace elements as well as slow correction of hyponatraemic dehydration with return of the sodium level over a period of four days. This therapeutic regimen resulted in complete neurological recovery. Follow-up MRI documented normalisation of the initial pathologic findings. The hypothesis was put forward linking the pathogenesis of CPM with the combination of folate depletion and superimposed hyponatraemic dehydration. The previously acquired folate depletion could affect normal appositional function of myelin basic protein molecules due to insufficient methylation of arginine in position 107. The subsequent development of intramyelinic edema and CPM will then be triggered by the superimposed hyponatraemic dehydration. The verification of this hypothesis requires further investigations.
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PMID:Central pontine myelinolysis associated with acquired folate depletion. 920 15

The clinical and laboratory findings of 21 children with amitraz poisoning were evaluated retrospectively. Poisoning route, signs and symptoms of poisoning, duration of hospitalization and outcome were recorded. The mean age was 3.5 +/- 1.9 years and the ratio of males to females was 1.63. In all cases poisoning was via the oral route. The time from ingestion to onset of symptoms was 30-180 min. Drowsiness (100%) and loss of consciousness (100%) were the most common clinical findings, followed by vomiting (61.9%). Hypotension was observed in 66.7% of cases, bradycardia in 61.9%, respiratory depression in 42.9%, hypothermia in 9.3%, and 14.3% had generalized seizures responsive to diazepam. Hyperglycaemia and glycosuria were detected in 47.6% and 38.1% of cases, respectively. Minimally elevated transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels were detected in 23.8% of cases. All patients recovered completely and were discharged within 1.0-5.2 days (mean, 2.1 +/- 1.1).
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PMID:Amitraz poisoning in children: retrospective analysis of 21 cases. 1202 30

Amitraz, a formamidine insecticide and acaricide used in veterinary practice, presents side effects in humans related to its pharmacological activity on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. There is little information available in the literature about the toxicology of the product in man and the treatment of this poisoning. In this report, the clinical and laboratory features of amitraz poisoning in two patients by a veterinary formulation also containing xylene are presented. The major clinical findings were unconsciousness, drowsiness, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, miosis, hypothermia and bradycardia. The laboratory findings were hyperglycemia, hypertransaminasemia and increased urinary output. Supportive management of this poisoning in humans is suggested in only a few articles and there is no specific antidote for the subsequent possible pharmacological effects of amitraz. In our two cases, we performed supportive treatment such as mechanical ventilation, atropine, gastric lavage, active carbon, oxygen and fluid administration. We concluded that the basic approach to the patient with amitraz poisoning, including initial stabilization to correct immediate life-threatening problems, treatment to reduce absorption and measures to improve elimination of the toxin, is effective.
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PMID:Basic toxicological approach has been effective in two poisoned patients with amitraz ingestion: case reports. 1204 25

This is a case report of a 52 year-old male patient with severe calcific aortic valve stenosis, associated with extended circular calcification of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch. Six months ago the patient underwent an explorative sternotomy in another institute, but the aortic valve replacement was not performed regarding the great risk of the porcelain aorta. The patient's complaints became more severe, so the authors recommended the excision both of the stenotic aortic valve and the calcified ascending aorta and replacement with a mechanical valve and vascular prosthesis. The operation was performed in deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest with help of cardiopulmonary bypass. The calcified ascending aorta was excised without crossclamping. The vascular graft used for replacement of the ascending aorta was anastomosed to the proximal part of the aortic arch, then it was clamped and the extracorporal circulation was started again with rewarming of the patient. The aortic valve was replaced with a 21 mm St. Jude HP mechanical valve prosthesis in the usual manner. At last, the graft was anastomosed supracoronary to the proximal stump of the ascending aorta. Extracorporal circulation was discontinued without any difficulties. Apart from a few days of somnolence, the patient's recovery was uneventful, he was discharged from hospital on the 12th postoperative day. Three months after the surgery he had no complaints and returned to work without any problems.
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PMID:[Surgery of aortic valve stenosis with porcelain aorta under hypothermic circulatory arrest]. 1266 78

Episodic spontaneous hypothermia is an infrequent disorder, with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. A systemic cause or underlying brain lesion has not been found for the disease. We report four new patients, 3-9 years old, with episodic hypothermia lower than 35 degrees C, marked facial pallor, and absent shivering. The episodes could last a few hours or four days, and recurred once a week or every 2-3 months. Two patients also demonstrated bradycardia, mild hypertension, and somnolence during the events; in one of them, profuse sweating was also a feature, and all four presented with either headache, a periodic childhood syndrome, or both (recurrent abdominal pain, cyclic vomiting, or vertigo). Three patients reported a family history of migraine. Neurologic examination, endocrine function, and imaging studies were normal. Migraine prophylactic therapy was of moderate efficacy. Spontaneous resolution was observed in one patient. The clinical characteristics of the syndrome allow for its inclusion as a childhood periodic syndrome related to migraine.
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PMID:Episodic spontaneous hypothermia: a periodic childhood syndrome. 1284 86

The diagnosis of cerebral relapse of Whipple's disease in a 67-year-old patient was made after he presented with somnolence and severe hypothermia 4 months after discontinuing treatment with cotrimoxazole. Hypothermia is a rare hypothalamic manifestation of cerebral Whipple's disease.
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PMID:Severe hypothermia in a patient with cerebral relapse of Whipple's disease. 1505 78

Clinical investigation of melatonin agonists has been hampered by side effects such as hypothermia, hypotension and bradycardia. The availability of a melatonin agonist devoid of these side effects would improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which melatonin agonists affect sleep. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of the melatonin agonist beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin at doses up to 100 mg in healthy volunteers. The design was a single blind, across subjects, placebo controlled, group wise dose escalation using doses of 20, 35, 50 and 100 mg beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin. Eight subjects received one dose of study drug or placebo. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a consistent Tmax across all doses with a mean of 1.12 +/- 0.11 hr for all groups (mean +/- SD). The half-life was also consistent across dose, with a mean of 1.04 +/- 0.04 hr. Maximum plasma concentrations increased with increasing dose with values of 44.83 +/- 29.79, 100.3 +/- 41.08, 79.84 +/- 26.36 and 410.3 +/- 129.4 ng/ml at doses of 20, 35, 50 and 100 mg, respectively. Area under the curve showed similar increases. No consistent changes in vital signs occurred as a function of dose or time after study drug. The incidence of all adverse events, the severity of the event or the event's relationship to treatment did not increase with higher doses of beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin. Sleepiness was reported after all doses of beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin. beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin appears safe and well tolerated at doses up to 100 mg. These doses are not associated with hypothermia, bradycardia or hypotension. A melatonin agonist lacking these side effects should allow investigation of the direct soporific effects of melatonin agonists.
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PMID:A single blind, placebo controlled, across groups dose escalation study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the melatonin analog beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin. 1530 28


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