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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe enteric colibacillosis, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, apathy, hypothermia, and inability to stand, was produced in seven of eight newborn, colostrum-fed calves from nonvaccinated dams after oral challenge of calves with 10(11) viable cells of Escherichia coli strain B44. Twenty-nine of 32 calves from dams vaccinated with various preparations of E. coli strain B44 were protected against severe enteric colibacillosis after oral challenge. Calves were protected if the dams received two subcutaneous vaccinations prior to calving. Calves also were protected if the dams were given a homologous vaccine of live or killed whole cells or a broth culture supernatant vaccine via the subcutaneous and intramammary routes 1 year earlier. Nineteen of the 29 protected calves had a transient diarrhea.
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PMID:Prevention of experimentally induced enteric colibacillosis in newborn calves. 458 32

An unusual case of Whipple's disease is reported. The diagnosis was difficult as the characteristic digestive sign and symptoms (malabsorption, diarrhea, mucosal infiltration by PAS-positive macrophages) were absent. After a ten-year history of seronegative arthritis, myocardiopathy, with aortic insufficiency, basilar pulmonary infiltrates, enlarged lymph nodes, the patient, a 56 years old man, was referred to us for a severe vegetative and neurological dysfunction: stupor, dysarthria, akinesia, hypertonia, hypothermia and abnormal thirst. A CT-scan showed a low-density area of the right hypothalamus, and PAS-positive macrophages were found in a lymph node, in the CSF and in a cerebral biopsy. The patient then received a classical antibiotic treatment, yet the neurologic dysfunction remained severe. Finally, a trial with rifampicin brought a striking improvement of the patient's condition, which has now lasted for three years.
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PMID:[Hypothalamic form of Whipple's disease. Favorable effect of rifampicin]. 619 50

Group B streptococcal cells, either viable or heat-killed, contain a substance that induced fever in rabbits with maximal responses occurring four hours after intravenous injection. In contrast, supernatant fluids failed to induce significant fever. Group B streptococcal cells also enhanced host susceptibility to lethal shock by endotoxin as much as 40,000-fold. A graph of log streptococcal cell dose used for pretreatment versus log LD50 endotoxin gave a straight line with a slope of approximately -1. Rabbits that received both streptococcal cells and endotoxin showed initial fever followed by hypothermia, labored breathing, watery diarrhea, evidence of vascular collapse, and finally death. Animals that received streptococcal cells or endotoxin alone showed only fevers and mild diarrhea. A possible theory for the cause of death in the neonate infected with group B streptococci is presented.
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PMID:Endotoxin enhancement as a possible etiology of early-onset group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in the newborn. 634 11

The great killers in the developing countries are the classical contagious diseases and diarrhoea. The high incidence of these diseases is mainly due to the enormously increased exposure to infectious agents in a milieu of incredibly low hygienic standards. Malnutrition on the other hand, is responsible for the long duration and the often malignant course of these diseases. Undermined immunity in malnutrition may lead to septicaemia. Diarrhoea, besides the danger of hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, acceleration of the wasting process may lead to hypovolaemic shock. Other types of circulatory disturbance are caused by very low serum albumin values, by the overloading of the wasted heart by fluid, by hight salt or calorie intake. Further dangers are hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. The briefly summarized dangers can rather exceptionally also be encountered in the advanced countries. Malnutrition in these parts of the world is brought about by organic diseases, by intractable diarrhoea or by psychologic disturbances.
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PMID:The main causes of death in malnutrition. 643 43

The toxicity of the weed-killer paraquat is related to the formation of superoxyde radicals responsible of a progressive and usually lethal pulmonary fibrosis. Recognition of lipid peroxidation of membrane bilayers by free radicals as the causative factor pointed to oxygen as an important cofactor in the severity of paraquat poisoning. It has been shown that any FiO2 over 21% accelerates this process and increases the the mortality of rats and humans. FiO2 21% gave a significant reduction of mortality in rats (DOUZE 1976). We proposed this therapy (1978-1879) in 6 cases of paraquat poisoning. It was conducted with induction of a barbiturate coma, hypothermia, curarisation and hypo-oxygenation (FiO2 around 14% thanks to the adjunction of nitrogen to assisted ventilation). In 5/6 patients, these technics did not prevent the evolution towards death. This evolution was in fact predicted, according the following prognostic factors: suicide, more than a mouthful ingestion, oesophago-gastric burns detected by endoscopy, organic renal failure, high plasma paraquat level. Associated methods of elimination (Fuller's earth, provoked diarrhea, furosemide, hemoperfusion and hemodialysis) did not change the early established prognosis. The only survival was observed in an accidental poisoning with undetectable plasma paraquat and isolated oral burns: the herbicide had been probably spit out. This survival cannot be related to hypo-oxygenation. This failure is not definitive, according to us: this therapy should be undertaken only after minimal, accidental poisoning possibly evolving to pulmonary fibrosis. It appears unuseful in massive, suicidal poisonings, leading readily to a lethal circulatory failure.
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PMID:[Hypo-oxygenation in paraquat poisoning. Apropos of 6 cases]. 661 25

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dosed orally with 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) at levels that ranged from 200 to 4000 mg/kg, and were observed clinically for 14 d. LD50 values for 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-TCB were found to be 1470, 3105, and 2297 mg/kg, respectively, in male rats. In females, the LD50 values were found to be 1167 and 1727 mg/kg for 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity included depression, flaccid muscle tone, prostration, piloerection, loose stool, hypothermia, dacryorrhea, coma, and death. In a subacute study, groups of 10 males and 10 females were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50, or 500 ppm 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, or 1,2,3,5-TCB for 28 d. No deaths or clinical signs of toxicity were observed, and neither growth rate nor food consumption was affected. At 500 ppm, 1,2,4,5- but not 1,2,3,4- or 1,2,3,5-TCB caused a significant increase in the liver weight and serum cholesterol of male and female rats. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin deethylase were induced by 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity was increased by the administration of this compound at 50 ppm and higher in males and at 500 ppm in the females. Rats fed 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB at 500 ppm also showed a significant increase in aminopyrine demethylase activity. Moderate to severe histological changes were found in the liver, thyroid, kidney, and lungs of rats fed 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB. Histological changes in the tissues produced by the administration of the 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-isomer were mild even at the highest dose levels. Tissue residue data showed that 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated at much higher levels than the other two isomers. The results suggest that the position of chlorine substitution can affect the tissue accumulation and toxicity of chlorinated benzenes in rats.
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PMID:Comparative toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the rat: results of acute and subacute studies. 662 Apr 5

The efficacy of an oral treatment of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) is studied with reference to the effects on parasympathetic stimulation provoked by oxotremorine administration in mice. A decrease in sialorrhea, diarrhea and induced hypothermia is observed.
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PMID:Pharmacological study of oral CDP-choline. Interaction with oxotremorine on the parasympathetic system. 668 57

Adequate nutrition in the severely burned child often determines the morbidity and mortality and its supervision demands a high priority in the management of the burn injury. A disciplined, detailed programme is required, but this is often neglected. The hypermetabolism experienced in the severe burn may require a calorie intake up to 2 1/2 times normal, and in the growing child, with extra requirements, a negative balance can easily eventuate if careful management is not instituted. A daily metabolic plan provides firstly, the basic calories and protein per kilogram depending on age as for a normal child and, secondly additional requirements depending on the surface area of the burn. With such a programme the weakness of treating all children, whatever their age, on the same formula related only to surface area burn, is overcome. Parenteral nutrition is commenced as soon as the shock phase has been controlled and is continued until enteral intake by gastric tube is sufficient to cover the requirements. Such tube feeding requires the selection of an isotonic liquid diet so as so limit the possibility of diarrhoea. Isocal (Mead Johnson) has been found generally acceptable. Gradually as the patient recovers, oral intake is introduced and the child returns home on a normal nutritional diet, expectantly without weight loss and even with some weight gain, which befits any normal child under treatment for some months. Preburn nutrition, disease and infection, hyperthermia, hypothermia, evaporative water loss, active exercise, psychological well being, social state, early skin cover and limitation of stress are important aspects affecting metabolism and require careful supervision and management. The limitation of metabolism is as important as increasing the caloric intake and this is exemplified at the time of operation, which should be as nonstressful as possible. Every two weeks an adjusted assessment is made of the burned area still to be grafted and the caloric requirements are reduced accordingly. Assessment as to the success of the regime is made upon the results of daily weighing. Extra vitamins and elements are given and blood electrolytes and urine glucose and protein are regularly monitored.
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PMID:Nutrition in the severely burned child. 678 87

A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy with ataxia, confusion, memory loss, partial seizures of complex behavior and hypothermia, subsequent to thiamine depletion due to chronic malnourishment and triggered by an episode of acute vomiting and diarrhea, is reported, Computerized tomography (CT-scan) depicted small bilateral lesions in areas adjacent to the walls of the third ventricle, common location of the lesions seen in autopsy material of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin B complex supplemented with intensive mnemonic and cognitive therapy led to complete recovery in a ten day period.
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PMID:Wernicke's encephalopathy. A case report with neurophysiologic and CT-scan studies. 686 52

Aqueous and organic extractions of ground seeds of Cassia occidentalis were obtained. Chickens were dosed with extracted material to assess the toxicity of the extracts. Organic extracts with methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and benzene were ineffective in removing the toxin from the seeds. Aqueous extractions, using 25 mM sodium bicarbonate or 250 mM sodium citrate, removed the toxin from the seeds, but left the toxin bound to particulate matter in the extract. Addition of Triton X-100 to the aqueous buffers effectively solubilized the toxin from the particulate matter. Signs of intoxication in the chickens were loss of weight, weakness, diarrhea, hypothermia, occasionally ataxia, and recumbency; then death. Gross lesions included paleness of skeletal and cardiac muscles and congestion of the liver. Microscopic lesions in muscle tissue were vacuolation, proliferation of sarcolemmal nuclei, and separation of myofibrils. Electron microscopic examination revealed disruption of mitochondrial cristae and swelling and rupture of mitochondria.
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PMID:Preliminary isolation of a myodegenerative toxic principle from Cassia occidentalis. 688 74


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