Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tolerance and dependence induced by chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration were investigated in mice. The effects on body weight, analgesia and hypothermia were measured during 6 days of treatment (10 or 20 mg kg(-1) THC twice daily). A rapid tolerance to the acute effects was observed from the second THC administration. The selective CB-1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A (10 mg kg(-1)) was administered at the end of the treatment, and somatic and vegetative manifestations of abstinence were evaluated. SR 141716A administration precipitated several somatic signs that included wet dog shakes, frontpaw tremor, ataxia, hunched posture, tremor, ptosis, piloerection, decreased locomotor activity and mastication, which can be interpreted as being part of a withdrawal syndrome. Brains were removed immediately after the behavioural measures and assayed for adenylyl cyclase activity. An increase in basal, forskolin and calcium/calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities was specifically observed in the cerebellum of these mice. The motivational effects of THC administration and withdrawal were evaluated by using the place conditioning paradigm. No conditioned change in preference to withdrawal associated environment was observed. In contrast, a conditioned place aversion was produced by the repeated pairing of THC (20 mg kg(-1)), without observing place preference at any of the doses used. This study constitutes a clear behavioural and biochemical model of physical THC withdrawal with no motivational aversive consequences. This model permits an easy quantification of THC abstinence in mice and can be useful for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in cannabinoid dependence.
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PMID:Behavioural and biochemical evidence for signs of abstinence in mice chronically treated with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 988 86

A 2 day old foal was presented with central nervous depression (coma) after moxidectin overdose. Moxidectin belongs to the milbemycin anthelmintics which elicit their working mechanism through a GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-stimulatory mode of action. The foal developed profound hypothermia, bradycardia and hypoventilation. Absence of urine voiding and mild abdominal distension suggested a ruptured bladder, which was confirmed by transabdominal ultrasound and clinical-pathologic parameters. Repeat auscultation of the ventral lung parts and the occurrence of gastric reflux were suggestive of an aspiration pneumonia. The foal underwent surgical bladder repair, however, did succumb due to mixed acidosis and early signs of sepsis postoperatively. The findings in this foal are suggestive for moxidectin overdosing. The GABAergic working mechanism of moxidectin does explain the development of profound central nervous depression and its sequels hypothermia, bradycardia, hypoventilation and paralytic ileus. Dyssynergia was unexpected, however, has to be related to a central nervous problem, rather than a peripheral nervous problem.
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PMID:[Moxidectin poisoning in a foal?]. 1041 82

Clinicophysiological, haematological and biochemical effects of xylazine (0.05mgkg(-1)) and medetomidine (0.01mgkg(-1)) were studied in nine adult goats after lumbosacral subarachnoid administration. The onset of analgesia by xylazine and medetomidine was observed in 9.11+/-1.07 and 8.66+/-2.37min (mean+/-S.E.), respectively. Both alpha(2)-agonists produced moderate analgesia of hind quarter, perineum and flank, mild ataxia and sedation. The duration of analgesia after xylazine administration was 134.44+/-8.87min and that after medetomidine was 158.33+/-9.96min (mean+/-S.E.). Xylazine and medetomidine induced significant (p<0.05) decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and hypothermia. Haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total leukocyte count (TLC) decreased significantly. Changes in the physiological and haematological parameters were transient in nature. Xylazine and medetomidine produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in creatinine and glucose levels. However, these parameters fluctuated within normal range and started to recover within 120min. However, serum urea nitrogen (SUN), serum chloride, sodium and potassium did not show any significant change. The effects produced by xylazine and medetomidine were however, comparable at these dose levels. The study indicates that xylazine at 0.05mgkg(-1) and medetomidine at 0.01mgkg(-1) did not induce any serious alteration in the physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters and can be safely used in inducing hind quarter, flank and perineal analgesia in goats.
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PMID:Physiologic and biochemical effects of subarachnoidally administered xylazine and medetomidine in goats. 1102 38

A 6-year-old, intact, female miniature Doberman pinscher was evaluated for lethargy, intermittent back pain, and unstable gait. Physical and neurological findings included bradycardia, hypothermia, hyperesthesia, progressive and ascending ataxia, and proprioceptive deficits in all limbs. Laboratory findings and magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, confirmed later by microscopy.
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PMID:Disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog. 1180 71

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agent that acts at the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic level of the CNS and has anxioytic. sedative, hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. A retrospective study was conducted of 415 alprazolam ingestions in dogs reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center between January 1998 and August 2000: 238 suspected alprazolam toxicoses in dogs were evaluated. Clinical signs were ataxia/disorientation, depression, hyperactivity, vomiting, weakness, tremors, vocalization, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia, diarrhea, and increased salivation that developed within 10-30 min post-ingestion. Treatment included standard decontamination procedures, such as emesis and activated charcoal: the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, may be used for severe CNS depression.
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PMID:Accidental ingestion of alprazolam in 415 dogs. 1182 68

Brimonidine is an ophthalmic solution of 0.2% brimonidine tartrate used to lower intraocular pressure in human glaucoma patients. A retrospective study was conducted of brimonidine ophthalmic solution ingestion in 52 dogs reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center between January 1998 and December 2000. Eighty percent of the dogs were < 1-y of age. Approximate ingested dosages ranged from 0.18-5.55 mg/kg. Incidence of clinical signs were bradycardia (67%), depression (46%), ataxia (27%), hypotension (25%), pallor (23%), weakness (17%), change in mucous membrane color (17%), hypothermia (13%), vomiting or retching (13%.). Shock, weak pulses, and poor capillary refill time were also reported. Treatment involved early decontamination, supportive care, andyohimbine and atipamezole as specific alpha-2 antagonists that could be helpful in reversing the effects of brimonidine. Due to the possibility of severe cardiovascular effects developing, the ingestion of brimonidine ophthalmic solution in dogs should be considered dangerous.
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PMID:Clinical effects of brimonidine ophthalmic drops ingestion in 52 dogs. 1182 75

The objective of the present study was to characterise the neuroprotective activity of the novel glycineB site NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist MRZ 2/576 (8-chloro-4-hydroxy-l-oxo- 1,2-dihydropyridazino[4,5-b]quinolin-5-oxide choline salt, CAS 202807-80-5) in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Since the solubility of MRZ 2/576 at a physiological pH, is minimal and adequate concentrations can be achieved only at relatively high basic pH the in vivo use of the substance is substantially limited. Therefore, a special nanoparticle formulation was developed to provide means for lengthy i.v. administration of experimentally relevant doses within the physiological range of pH. Focal ischaemia of 75 min duration was induced in rats by a reversible occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). MRZ 2/576 (18 mg/kg over 10 min followed by 18 mg/kg/h over 6 h) or placebo treatment was initiated immediately after onset of MCAo. Neurological deficit was evaluated daily for 3 consecutive days and then brain infarct analysis was performed. MRZ 2/576 significantly improved the neurological score at 24 h and 72 h post stroke (p < 0.05 vs. placebo). It also produced a 53.0% reduction of total infarct size, 60.4% of cortical and 42.3% of striatal infarction (p < 0.05 vs. placebo). Temporary drug-induced hypothermia and ataxia were observed during infusions. This leads to the conclusion that prolonged administration of the glycineB site antagonist MRZ 2/576 in form of the nanoparticle suspension ameliorates ischaemic damage induced by the transient MCAo in rats. The results suggest that nanoparticles hold promise as an effective strategy e.g. for substances with physico-chemical characteristics that otherwise would preclude them from pre-clinical development and/or clinical application.
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PMID:Neuroprotective activity of a nanoparticulate formulation of the glycineB site antagonist MRZ 2/576 in transient focal ischaemia in rats. 1196 43

Accidental hypothermia due to environmental exposure is a common condition encountered in the wilderness setting. I report a case of hypothermia that occurred in New Hampshire to a 42-year-old, poorly prepared mountaineer. He presented with ataxia, impaired judgment, oliguria, and slight confusion, suggestive of mild to moderate hypothermia. He was treated in the field using passive and active external rewarming methods and 1 active internal method. The signs, symptoms, and progression of hypothermia are reviewed, and treatment options are discussed, with an emphasis on management of hypothermia in the wilderness setting. Additionally, more complicated treatment modalities are canvassed, as these are of use to rescue teams and expeditions. Current controversies regarding the treatment of hypothermia, resuscitation efforts, and potential complications are also mentioned.
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PMID:A case report of hypothermia in the wilderness. 1209 64

A 2-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was examined because of lethargy, inappetance, vocalization, and abnormal aggressive behavior of 1 day's duration. The cat had been groomed the previous day with a d-limonene-based insecticidal shampoo. Skin lesions consisted of coalescing erythematous patches. Despite supportive care, the cat's condition deteriorated. Dermatohistopathologic changes included multifocal areas of acute coagulative epidermal necrosis. The dermis was infiltrated by a dense population of bacilli. d-Limonene toxicosis has been rarely described in dogs and cats. Toxic effects such as hypersalivation, ataxia, shivering, hypothermia, scrotal irritation, hypotension, and erythema multiforme major have been reported. Treatment for septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, along with intensive supportive care, may be necessary.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing dermatitis and septicemia after application of a d-limonene-based insecticidal shampoo in a cat. 1236 86

1-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-[3-(3-thiophen-2-yl-isoxazolin-5-yl)-propyl]-piperazine (KCH-1110), has a high affinity for human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor (Ki=1.28 nM) with about 90-fold selectivity over the human dopamine D2L (hD2L) receptor. Antipsychotic or antidopaminergic activity of KCH-1110 was investigated in the models for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, apomorphine-induced climbing and cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion, in mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral (p.o.) administration of KCH-1110 potently inhibited the apomorphine-induced cage climbing without any rotarod ataxia in mice. Cocaine-induced hyperactivity was also antagonised by KCH-1110. In addition, KCH-1110 attenuated the hypothermia induced by a selective dopamine D3 agonist, 7-OH-DPAT in mice. KCH-1110 did not induce catalepsy in mice, but at much higher doses only a slight catalepsy response was shown. Although high doses of KCH-1110 significantly enhanced serum prolactin secretion in rats, low dose of KCH-1110 did not increase prolactin levels in rats. The present studies, therefore, suggest that KCH-1110 is a potent and relatively selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with antipsychotic actions.
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PMID:Pharmacological actions of a novel and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, KCH-1110. 1452 27


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