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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acute and subchronic toxicity of monenzine (preparation Elancoban -- 100 of Elanco Co., USA) to male lambs for fattening aged 3-4 months and weighing 16-28.5 kg was studied. It was established that the single per oral dose of 5 mg/kg weight of the natrium monoenzine salt causes a temporary lack of appetitie but no changes in the behavior and the general state of the animals. The use of a 10 and 30 mg/kg weight dose of the preparation led to death of the lambs on the 72nd-120th hour. The toxicity was clinically manifested by anurexia, arumination, ataxia, paresis, and paralysis of the limbs, tachicardia, taxipnea, hypothermia and showed down and weakened rumen movements. Erosive rumitis and abomasis, catharrhalhemorrhagis duodenitis, hemorrhages on the epicardis, hyperremia and parenchymal organ oedema, 3-4 times increased gall-bladder with numerous nodes having a sunken center on its walls were observed pathologo-anatomically, while microscopically blood vessel disturbances (hyperremia, hemorrhages and oedema) of the lungs, heart, spleen, endocrinal glands (thyroid, adrenal and hypophysis), the brain, and the leptomeninges, liver distrophy, distrophic nephrosis and necrotic holecystitis were obvious. Following a long term (30 days) application to the fodder in 10 and 50 g/t doses, monenzine-natrium does not have a negative effect on the behaviour, general condition, clinical and biochemical blood composition and the structural build up of the inner organs, but in the first 5-10 days of the treatment it causes loss of appetite. Additional specific investigations are needed to elucidate the effect of the preparation on body gain.
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PMID:[Acute and subchronic monensin toxicity for lambs]. 741 27

An 8-year-old, neutered, male, domestic shorthaired cat is admitted to your clinic with a complaint of lethargy and anorexia. The cat was last examined 2 months previously with a urinary tract infection and severe cellulitis at the site of a ventral abdominal urethrostomy. The urethrostomy was performed several years ago at another clinic. Euthanasia was recommended during your first examination, but the owner insisted on treatment. The cat improved after receiving fluids and systemic and topical antibiotics, but its condition suddenly deteriorated 2 days ago. Physical examination reveals severe dehydration, bradycardia, hypothermia, and an infected and fly-blown urethrostomy opening. Euthanasia is again recommended. The owner refuses and leaves the clinic, apparently intending to seek a second opinion.
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PMID:An ethicist's commentary on the case of a client who refuses euthanasia for a sick cat. 758 30

Sixteen pregnant queens were inoculated orally with tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii, and fetal membranes and offspring were examined for T gondii infection by bioassay in mice. Queens appeared clinically normal, although all shed T gondii oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 7 of 33 fetuses or kittens from 5 litters (at 13, 23, 26, 27, and 29 postinoculation days) from 8 queens euthanatized between 10 and 31 postinoculation days. Infection with T gondii was found in kittens from all 8 litters from the 8 queens that were allowed to undergo parturition and nurse their kittens. A total of 43 kittens were born to these 8 queens. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 26 of 40 kittens bioassayed; in 3 kittens, tissues were not available for bioassay. Toxoplasmosis was severe in full-term kittens born to 5 queens; all 25 kittens from these litters died or were ill by 24 days of age. Anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, and sudden death were the most common manifestations. Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid aspirate samples and determination of hepatic-associated enzyme concentrations in affected kittens, as well as measurement of anti-T gondii antibodies in serum of kittens and queens, were helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal toxoplasmosis. Transplacental transfer of anti-T gondii antibodies was not observed in cats. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were found in fecal samples of 3 kittens from different litters at 16, 24, and 63 days of age.
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PMID:Diagnosis of induced toxoplasmosis in neonatal cats. 760 11

An 8-month-old female Vietnamese pot-bellied pig was examined because of a 48-hour history of anorexia and signs of depression. Hypothermia, dehydration, pronounced respiratory effort, and muffled heart sounds were detected. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed ascites and hepatic congestion. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion and fibrinous pericarditis. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was diagnostic and therapeutic. Cytologic examination of pericardial and peritoneal fluid revealed degenerated neutrophils and intra-and extracellular gram-positive cocci. On microbial culture of pericardial and peritoneal fluid specimens, moderate growth of a beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp of group G was observed. After initial treatment corrected hypothermia and dehydration, the pig was treated with sulfadiazine/sulfamerazine/sulfamethazine and oxytetracycline for 30 days. Echocardiographic examination 3 months after the initial examination revealed resolution of the pericardial effusion and fibrinous pericarditis.
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PMID:Streptococcal fibrinous pericarditis and peritonitis in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig. 777 50

Medical records and histologic sections of 40 cats with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Two distinct groups of cats with pancreatitis were established by histologic analysis of tissue. Group 1 (32 cats) had acute pancreatic necrosis (APN). Group 2 (8 cats) had suppurative pancreatitis. Ages of affected cats ranged from 3 weeks to 16 years. The majority consisted of indoor cats of the Domestic Short-Haired breed but Siamese cats were over-represented relative to the general population (P < 0.05). Twenty-two percent of cats were obese and 57% were underweight. Thirty-eight percent of cats had acute disease. In the other cats, two stages in the progression of the disease were evident: (1) anorexia, weight loss, and lethargy, followed by (2) acute deterioration, development of shock, and a moribund state, despite fluid therapy. The most common clinical signs were severe lethargy (100%), reduced appetite (97%), dehydration (92%), and hypothermia (68%). The initial hemogram occasionally showed a neutrophilia (30%) and anemia (26%) but packed cell volume (PCV) decreased markedly to the extent that 55% of cats were anemic terminally. Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of ALT (68%) and ALP (50%), and increased concentrations of bilirubin (64%) and cholesterol (64%). Cats with APN were hyperglycemic (64%), glycosuric (60%) and ketonuric (20%), whereas cats with suppurative pancreatitis tended to be hypoglycemic (75%). Renal failure and electrolyte abnormalities were mild or infrequent except for hypokalemia (56%). This study characterizes a severe necrotizing pancreatitis in the cat similar to that reported in other species, and a histologically distinct suppurative pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing pancreatitis and acute suppurative pancreatitis in the cat. A retrospective study of 40 cases (1976-1989). 1146 88

Exposure to alcohol in utero can lead to long-lasting impairments of immune functions and to decreased resistance to infectious agents. We have previously reported that fetal alcohol-exposed rats show markedly decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and suggested that fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) impairs the communication between the immune and the nervous systems. The present study examined the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) on body temperature, motor activity, ingestive behavior, and pituitary-adrenal activation in fetal alcohol-exposed and control rats. Transmitters for continuous biotelemetric recording of body temperature and motor activity were implanted i.p. in normal (N) adult rats, offspring of dams fed a liquid diet supplemented with ethanol (E), and pair-fed control offspring (P). In one experiment, rats were injected with either IL-1 (2 micrograms/kg, i.p.) or saline at the beginning of the light period. IL-1 produced a marked increase in body temperature, which was significantly lower in E rats than in N and P rats. In a second experiment, rats were administered either IL-1 (10 micrograms/kg, i.p.) or saline at the beginning of the dark period. IL-1 produced an initial transient hypothermia followed by a longer-lasting hyperthermia. During the hyperthermic phase, fever in the E rats was lower than in the P rats, but comparable to fever in the N rats. IL-1 significantly reduced motor activity, during both the hypothermic and hyperthermic phases. This effect was similar in all prenatal treatment groups. IL-1 also suppressed 24-h food consumption in N and P rats and water consumption in P rats, but it did not produce significant anorexia and adypsia in E rats. A third experiment demonstrated that IL-1 (2 micrograms/ kg, ip) significantly increased ACTH and corticosterone release in all prenatal treatment groups. IL-1-induced corticosterone secretion was attenuated in P offspring, compared to both E and N rats. Together, these findings indicate that exposure to ethanol in utero produces impairments in mechanisms that mediate the effects of IL-1 on body temperature (particularly during the light period) and ingestive behavior, but not on motor activity and pituitary-adrenal activation. In view of the adaptive role of IL-1-induced fever and anorexia, these impairments may contribute to the decreased resistance to infections observed in animals and humans following FAE.
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PMID:Effects of fetal alcohol exposure on fever, sickness behavior, and pituitary-adrenal activation induced by interleukin-1 beta in young adult rats. 895 94

An 18-year-old white woman had nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Copper-colored skin was noted on physical examination, and serum chemistry values were normal. Subsequent fever, disorientation, and confusion led to the discovery of Addison's disease, which responded well to corticosteroid replacement therapy. Addisonian and anorexic patients exhibit clinical similarities, including nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, cold intolerance, hypothermia, and orthostasis. Other commonalities include prolongation of electrocardiographic PR and QT intervals and generalized slowing on electroencephalogram. Important differences include a brown color to the skin in Addison's disease instead of a yellowish color in anorexia. Addisonian patients also display hypocortisolism, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia, in contrast to the hypercortisolism, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia seen in anorexia.
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PMID:Prompt differentiation of Addison's disease from anorexia nervosa during weight loss and vomiting. 949 78

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been implicated as key mediators in inflammation, morbidity, and mortality associated with sepsis. We examined the role of IL-6 and TNF-alpha signaling on hypothermia, fever, cachexia, anorexia, and survival during sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male and female gene knockout mice. Male wild-type mice developed an initial hypothermia and subsequent fever during sepsis. Male IL-6 knockout mice did not develop fever; rather, they maintained a profound hypothermia during sepsis. Male TNF p55/p75 receptor (TNFR) knockout mice had attenuated hypothermia, but developed a virtually identical fever as wild-type mice. Cachexia did not differ between male wild-type and IL-6 or TNFR knockout mice, whereas anorexia was prolonged in IL-6 knockout mice. Due to the rapid lethality of sepsis in female mice, survival was the only variable we were able to statistically compare among female genotypes. Female wild-type mice had significantly decreased survival compared with male wild-type mice. Survival was significantly enhanced in male and female TNFR knockout mice compared with their wild-type controls. Lack of IL-6 did not affect male or female lethality. These data support the hypothesis that IL-6 is a key mediator of fever and food intake, whereas TNF is responsible for the initial hypothermia and lethality of sepsis in both sexes of mice. The enhanced lethality of CLP-treated female mice supports a role for sex steroids during sepsis.
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PMID:Role of IL-6 and TNF in thermoregulation and survival during sepsis in mice. 968 88

Verrucous endocarditis of the aortic valves was diagnosed postmortem in a Persian cat that died after showing clinical signs of dyspnoea, hypothermia and anorexia. Bacterial colonies were evident on Giemsa-stained sections of the valves and Escherichia coli was isolated from the endocarditis lesions.
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PMID:Verrucous endocarditis due to Escherichia coli in a Persian cat. 978 48

Preparturient hypocalcemia was identified in 4 cats in a specific pathogen-free colony between 1995 and 1996. All cats had an acute onset of clinical signs, 3 to 17 days prior to parturition. Signs of depression, weakness, tachypnea, and mild muscle tremors were the most common clinical signs, following by vomiting and anorexia. Additional abnormalities included hypothermia, third eyelid prolapse, dehydration, pallor, lethargy, flaccid paralysis, and hyperexcitability. Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Hypocalcemia was documented in each queen. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities. All cats responded to IV or SC administration of 10% calcium gluconate. Queens were then given calcium orally prior to and following parturition. The queens did not have additional complications for the duration of the gestational or lactational periods.
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PMID:Preparturient hypocalcemia in four cats. 1053 Mar 27


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