Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to examine (1) whether there were a relationship between the sex-related differences in 51-day-old OF1 mice, regarding male aggressiveness and their sensitivity to an acute hypoxic (nitrogen) 50% lethal challenge, and (2) whether these sex-related differences could be modified by psychoactive drugs acutely injected at nonincapacitating doses. The introduction of a previously isolated male in grouped (10) mice decreased survival to the hypoxic challenge more in females than in males. The previously isolated male, which acted as an 'aggressor' with grouped mice (fights and flights in male groups, and mounts in female groups), had a higher hypoxic mortality than the mice of the groups under aggression. Psychoactive drugs were intraperitoneally injected in grouped mice before the introduction of the male aggressor. Clorazepate (5 and 25 mg/kg) abolished the sex-related difference in hypoxic survival in groups in the presence of, but not in the absence of, the previously isolated male. Conversely, hydroxyzine (5 mg/kg) and dexamphetamine (1 mg/kg) suppressed the sex-related difference only in the absence of the aggressor. The effects of these drugs appeared to be associated more with flight than with fight reactions provoked by the introduction of the male aggressor. A deep hypothermia was noted in clorazepate-treated mice at the issue of the hypoxic challenge.
 ...
PMID:Action of psychoactive drugs on sex-related differences of OF1 mice; intraspecific aggressiveness and acute hypoxia survival. 11 29

Bilateral intraventricular injections of high dose (2 X 250 microgram) of 6-hydroxydopamine to rats pretreated with nialamide produced a pronounced hyperactivity persisting for several hours and induced permanent aggressiveness. Only 50% rat survived the treatment for longer than a week, the explorative activity of the survivors was inhibited for over 2 months. The brain catecholamine content was depressed for at least 15 months, while no long-term changes of serotonin level were observed. The hyperactivity, aggressiveness and hypothermia produced by apomorphine were enhanced in centrally chemosympathectomized rats, while the hyperactivity produced by D-amphetamine or amantadine remained inaffected. The results confirm the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity following central chemosympathectomy, and indicate a possibility of employing the supersensitivity model for distinguishing between pre- and postsynaptic action of dopaminergic stimulants.
 ...
PMID:Short- and long-term effects of intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine in rats pretreated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. 56 59

The authors examined the effect of the piperasine derivative of 2-aminotetraline N-(trans-3-hydroxy--1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthl)--N--(3-oxy-3-phenyl 1--2 methyl propyl)--piperasine (P11) on nobred white mice and rats of the Wistar strain and found interesting and specific neuropharmacological activity. The compound P11 inhibits the central nervous system, diminishes the muscular tonus, attenuates aggressiveness, potentiates hexobarbital sleep, possesses its own analgetic activity, but weakens the morphine analgesia. Without changing spontaneous motor activity the compound sharply lowers the motor activity, raised by phenamine as well as phenamine toxicity. P11 enhances the reserpine and apomomorphine hypothermia and phenamine hyperthermia. The neurological effects of the compound P11 are discussed, taking into consideration its structural similarity with dopamine and its manifested beta adrenoblocking properties.
 ...
PMID:[Neurophoarmacologic profile of an aminotetraline derivative]. 59 Jan 78

Some central effects of Ro 19-6327--a new MAO-B inhibitor--were studied in mice and rats. Given in low doses (1 or 3 mg/kg) Ro 19-6327 did not affect the locomotor activity of mice but its high dose (10 mg/kg) increased the activity. In rats Ro 19-6327 inhibited the locomotor activity but the effect was not dose dependent and not always significant. Ro 19-6327 did not change the locomotor activity in mice induced by L-DOPA (plus benserazide--an inhibitor of peripheral decarboxylase). The drug suppressed the reserpine-induced hypothermia and ptosis in mice and partly counteracted the apomorphine-induced hypothermia. It markedly enhanced (10 mg/kg) the amphetamine-induced stereotypy in rats. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP)-induced head twitch response was unchanged by Ro 19-6327. The drug given three times was inactive in forced swimming test. Repeated treatment with Ro 19-6327 (twice daily for 14 days) produced the enhancement of (+)-amphetamine- and nomifensine-induced hyperactivity in rats. Unlike a number of antidepressants, Ro 19-6327 did not potentiate the clonidine aggressiveness in mice, but--in contrast--inhibited it. The results suggest that Ro 19-6327 given repeatedly produces no changes in the responsiveness of the alpha-adrenergic system (in references to effects mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors). Adaptive changes in dopamine system are doubtful.
 ...
PMID:Central effects of Ro 19-6327 given acutely and repeatedly. 166 12

The central action of oxaprotiline (OXA) enantiomers, administered in a single dose, was studied in rats and mice. (+)-OXA and (-)-OXA attenuated reserpine- and apomorphine-induced hypothermia [(+)-OXA in a more potent manner] in mice and reduced the immobility time in the behavioural despair test in rats. Both OXA enantiomers inhibited locomotor activity in mice and rats, and enhanced and prolonged amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats. (-)-OXA potentiated the amphetamine hyperactivity in rats, but not in mice. Nomifensine hyperactivity in rats was unaffected by either enantiomer, and locomotor hypoactivity induced by low doses of apomorphine was also unchanged, as was L-DOPA-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. Apomorphine-induced climbing in mice was attenuated by (+)-OXA. Clonidine locomotor hypoactivity and hypothermia were unchanged, and clonidine-induced aggressiveness was attenuated by (+)-OXA. Neither OXA enantiomer affected the action of oxotremorine. In some tests the effect of OXA was stronger at 3 h than at 1 h after administration. The above results indicate that both OXA enantiomers--in particular (-)-OXA--increase some dopaminergic behavioural effects in rats.
 ...
PMID:Some central pharmacological effects of (+)- and (-)-oxaprotiline. 231 15

The central action, particularly potential antidepressant activity of WEB 1881, a new nootropic drug related to piracetam, was investigated in rats and mice. WEB 1881 antagonizes the reserpine- and apomorphine-induced hypothermia, potentiates the behavioral effect of DOPA and dihydroxyphenylserine, as well as the TRH-induced hyperthermia. Piracetam was only effective in the reserpine and DOPA tests. WEB 1881 is inactive in immobility test of Porsolt et al. It enhances the hind limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat, this effect being antagonized by prazosin and cyproheptadine. It exerts no effect on head twitches induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan. The studied compound increases the noradrenaline and dopamine and turnover in the forebrain and brain stem. WEB 1881 given repeatedly potentiates the clonidine-induced aggressiveness and has no effect on the locomotor hyperactivity induced by D-amphetamine. The results indicate that in a number of tests WEB 1881 acts like other antidepressant drugs (but in others not), moreover, they suggest that this action is--at least partly--mediated by the central noradrenaline system.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressant activities of WEB 1881, a new nootropic agent. 256 89

A potential antidepressant activity of B-193 was studied in mice and rats. In in vitro studies B-193 did not affect the uptake of NA and 5-HT. In in vivo models the tested compound did not influence the reserpine-induced hypothermia, hypoactivity and ptosis, the stimulating action of L-DOPA, the apomorphine-induced hypothermia. On the other hand, it produced a positive effect in the despair test. When given repeatedly, it evoked adaptive changes in brain neurotransmitter receptors, i.e. it decreased the density of beta-adrenoceptors and increased the number of alpha 1 ones; those changes were accompanied with functional alternations in the reactivity of those receptors: an attenuated behavioral reaction to salbutamol and enhanced aggressiveness induced by a high dose of clonidine. Furthermore, B-193 administered repeatedly enhanced hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine but did not influence the stereotypy induced by apomorphine. These results indicate that B-193 possesses properties characteristic for atypical antidepressants.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressant profile of 9-methyl-2[-3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinylpropyl)]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta- carbolin-1-one (B-193). 263 91

The compound EXP 561 (1-amino-4-phenylbicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane), an inhibitor of the noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) uptake, a potential antidepressant agent, was studied in tests for evaluation of antidepressant drugs (AD). In most experiments (the apomorphine and reserpine hypothermia, the behavioural despair test, the blood pressure increases induced by NA and 5-HT) EXP 561 revealed similar activities as tricyclic AD. EXP 561 evoked stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex in spinal rats, blocked by prazosin, metergoline and clomipramine. EXP 561 administered repeatedly in mice (twice daily for 14 days) did not evoke the adaptive changes induced by AD inhibiting the amine uptake, i.e. it did not enhance the amphetamine locomotor hyperactivity, did not potentiate the clonidine aggressiveness (at a lower dose, while at a higher one it acted less potently than when given acutely) or did not change the reserpine effect on the locomotor activity. EXP 561 showed a poor affinity to alpha 1-adrenoceptor (IC50 was 135,000 nM). The results indicate that the inability to induce adaptive changes is a feature which differentiates EXP 561 from tricyclic AD.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological properties of EXP 561, a potential antidepressant drug. 282 50

Tiflucarbine (TVX P 4495), a new putative antidepressant drug (AD) with a chemical novel among AD's [9-ethyl-4-fluoro-1-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrothieno (3,2-e)-pyrido(4,3-b)indole lactate], a potent inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake, was studied in rats and mice, mostly with regard to its possible effect on the noradrenaline (NA) uptake and 5-HT postsynaptic receptors. Tiflucarbine exerted no effect on the reserpine hypothermia, attenuated the apomorphine hypothermia and enhanced the TRH-induced hyperthermia. It did not prevent tryptamine convulsions or the fenfluramine-induced hyperthermia, and inhibited the L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitches (at a high dose only). It stimulated the hind limb flexor reflex preparation of the spinal rat in cyproheptadine-reversible manner. In the behavioral despair test it shortened the immobility time. Tiflucarbine administered repeatedly enhanced the D-amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity and inhibited the clonidine-induced aggressiveness. The results indicate that tiflucarbine exhibits characteristics of a poor inhibitor of the NA uptake (irrespective of its strong inhibitory effect on the 5-HT uptake), and has no effect on 5-HT2 postsynaptic receptors. When used repeatedly, it enhances--like other AD--responsiveness of the central dopamine system.
 ...
PMID:Some central effects of tiflucarbine, a new potential antidepressant drug. 282 40

Hypothermia is a well recognized consequence of severe injury, even in temperate climates, and the physiologic consequences of hypothermia are known to be detrimental. To analyze the frequency and risk factors for hypothermia and its effect on patient outcome, we prospectively studied 94 intubated injured patients at a regional trauma center during a 16-month period. Esophageal temperature probes were placed in the field or ER and core temperatures (T) were followed for 24 hours or until rewarming. Patients were designated as normothermic (greater than 36 degrees C), mildly hypothermic (34 degrees C-36 degrees C) or severely hypothermic (less than 34 degrees C) based on initial T. The risk factors for hypothermia evaluated included age, severity and location of injuries, blood alcohol level, blood transfusion requirements, and time spent in the field, ER, or OR. The average initial T was 35 degrees C, with no seasonal variation. Injury severity and survival correlated with severe hypothermia. Normothermic patients had an average ISS of 28 with a 78% survival. Severely hypothermic patients had an average ISS of 36 with a 41% survival (p less than 0.05). Patient age strongly correlated with outcome although there was no relationship between age and initial temperature. Sixty-two per cent of patients tested were positive for blood alcohol, and one half were legally intoxicated (BAC greater than 100 mg%). However, no consistent correlation was found between alcohol intoxication and initial temperature or patient survival. Blood transfusion requirements paralleled injury severity and patients receiving greater than 10 unit transfusions had significantly lower core temperature (p less than 0.05). The average temperature change was positive in the ER, OR, and ICU with time to rewarming correlating with the aggressiveness of warming measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Incidence and effect of hypothermia in seriously injured patients. 365 63


1 2 3 Next >>