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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antidepressant properties of a new indene derivative, YM-08054-1, and its related compounds were compared with those of tricyclic antidepressants and viloxazine. The potencies of YM-08054-1 to inhibit uptake of both 14C-norepinephrine (14C-NE) and 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine (14C-5-HT) by the rat brain synaptosomes were similar to those of amitriptyline and imipramine. Other indene derivatives with an N-alkylated morpholine ring were proved to have less effect on the uptake of either 5-HT or NE than was YM-08054-1. YM-08054-1 was the most potent among all of the tested antidepressants in the inhibition of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced syndromes in mice, though the inhibitory effect of this agent on reserpine-induced hypothermia was weaker than that of either amitriptyline or desipramine, suggesting relatively selective effects of YM-08054-1 upon 5-HT rather than NE uptake in vivo. Neither viloxazine nor iprindole potentiated the responses to 5-HTP. YM-08054-1 was devoid of peripheral anticholinergic activity and exhibited weak local anesthetic effect as well as low acute toxicity when compared with amitriptyline. The results indicate that YM-08054-1 has a novel profile as an antidepressant agent which is quite different from that of either viloxazine or tricyclic compounds.
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PMID:Pharmacological and biochemical studies on a new compound, 2-(7-indeyloxymethyl)morpholine hydrochloride (YM-08054-1), and its derivatives with potential antidepressant properties. 48 6

The effects of i.v. injected delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) on behaviour, body temperature and levels of brain monoamines, measured spectrophotofluorimetrically, of the rat were determined. Doses of delta9-THC in the range of 0.05--5.0 mg/kg produced biphasic changes in behaviour, body temperature and levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The whole brain levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were not altered by delta9-THC. The subjective behavioural biphasic responses did not appear to be dose related, whereas the biphasic changes in body temperature and brain levels of 5-HIAA were dose-related. Low doses of delta9-THC (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) caused hyperthermia, while doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg/kg induced hypothermia. On the other hand, 0.05 mg/kg delta9-THC significantly reduced, whereas doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mg/kg significantly increased the 5-HIAA levels in a dose-related manner. It is concluded that an inverse relationship exists between delta9-THC-induced changes in body temperature and alterations in brain 5-HIAA levels.
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PMID:Biphasic nature of the effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on body temperature and brain amines of the rat. 59 Mar 30

1 The effect of pretreatment with clomipramine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg, i.p.) on the (--)-trans-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC)-induced changes in body temperature and brain amines of the rat was investigated. 2 A dose of 0.05 mg/kg of delta9-THC produced hyperthermia and a decrease in whole brain concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg produced hypothermia and increases in brain 5-HIAA whereas 0.5 mg/kg did not affect either parameter. delta9-THC, at any of the doses, did not affect the whole brain concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. 3 Clomipramine modified these responses of delta9-THC in that the dose-response curves appeared to be shifted to the right. 4 It is concluded that clomipramine acts as an antagonist to these actions of delta9-THC by interfering with entry of delta9-THC into tryptaminergic neurones.
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PMID:Antagonism of the effects on thermoregulation of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol by clomipramine in the rat. 66 19

Dopamine (DA) was injected in the third brain ventricle of goats and the thermoregulatory effects were studied under different ambient conditions. The effects depended on dose, ambient conditions and cannula used. In the cold, there was a drop in body temperature, sometimes accompanied by suppression of shivering and by vasodilatation. Both temperature decrease and suppression of shivering were dose-dependent but there was no relation between magnitude of temperature drop and occurrence of shivering suppression. In a thermoneutral environment, there was either a slight vasoconstriction or hypothermia, occasionally accompanied by induction of panting. In the heat, either hypothermia or hyperthermia was observed. Hypothermia was accompanied by an increase in panting. Hyperthermia only occurred when the animals became excited as a result of the injection of DA. It is concluded that DA acts by stimulating the thermoregulatory pathway from heat sensors to heat loss effectors at a locus similar to that for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the thermoregulation model of Bligh et al. (1971).
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PMID:Thermoregulatory effects of intraventricularly injected dopamine in the goat. 86 60

5-hydroxydopamine, unspecific centrally acting false neurotransmitter. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1977, 28 (1): 13-22. 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenetylamine-5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) injected intracerebro-ventricularly decreases the level of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in different parts of the rat brain. It does not affect acetylcholine level. 5-OHDA causes dose-dependent hypothermia, transient hypertension and depression of locomotor and exploratory activity in rats. This behavioral phenomena are reversed by central chemical sympathectomy elicited by 6-hydroxydopamine. It is concluded that 5-OHDA is an unspecific centrally acting false transmitter.
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PMID:5-hydroxydopamine, unspecific centrally acting false neurotransmitter. 86 21

1. Rats were injected intravenously with 2 mg/kg (-)-trans-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) at ambient temperatures of 4 degrees, 21 degrees, 31 degrees and 37 degrees C. 2. The general behavior exhibited by rats treated with delta9-THC was similar at all four ambient temperatures. 3. Body temperatures were recorded continuously before and after drug administration. At 4 degrees and 21 degrees C, delta9-THC caused hypothermia whereas no change in body temperature occurred at 31 degrees and 37 degrees C. 4. The concentrations in the whole brain of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined spectrophotofluorimetrically 1 h after drug administration. At 4 degrees C delta9-THC caused an increase of 5-HT, at 21 degrees C an increase of 5-HIAA, at 21 degrees C an increase of 5-HIAA AND A decrease of NA, and at 37 degrees C an increase of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. 5. At all ambient temperatures, delta9-THC increased the brain levels of 5-HT and/or 5-HIAA. A correlation between the delta9-THC-induced hypothermic response and the possible alteration of brain 5-HT metabolism cannot be excluded.
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PMID:The effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on body temperature and brain amine concentrations in the rat at differnt ambient temperatures. 88 91

The effects of viloxazine, a clinically effective antidepressant, on noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake and various related pharmacological activities were determined and compared to those of the tricyclic antidepressants desimipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline. Viloxazine inhibitied [3H]NA uptake in the mouse and rat heart, being maximally about one half as potent as imipramine with a similar onset, but shorter duration of action than imipramine. The drug did not inhibit [3H]NA uptake in rat medulla or hypothalamus in contrast to desimipramine and imipramine, but it did alter [3H]NA metabolites in a similar manner. Viloxazine, like desimipramine, was a weak blocker of mouse brain 5-HT uptake, but differed from desimipramine as it poteniated 5-HT-mediated functions in the mouse and rat, as did imipramine and amitriptyline, the latter drugs being relatively potent blockers of 5-HT uptake. Viloxazine potentiated the L-DOPA behavioural syndrome in the mouse, antagonized reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia in the mouse, and inhibited gastric acid secretion in the rat, but was less potent than the tricyclic antidepressants. No appreciable in vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4.) activity in the mouse was exhibited. Like imipramine, the drug potentiated the ocular effects of L-adrenaline in the rabbit. It was similar to imipramine in potency in potentiating the apomorphine-induced gnawing in the mouse. The drug antagonized oxotremorine-induced hypothermia in the mouse but differed from the tricyclic antidepressants in not exhibiting the anticholinergic effects of blocking the tremors, salivation and lacrimation. Thus, viloxazine exhibits activities related to the biogenic amines both similar to and different from the tricyclics desimipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline. These actions appear to be of relevance with respect to the antidepressant action of this drug.
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PMID:Effects of viloxazine, an antidepressant agent, on biogenic amine uptake mechanisms and related activities. 97 78

1. The effect of various agents injected into the cerebral ventricles of the mouse, upon the tremor and hypothermia produced by oxotremorine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) was studied. 2. Acetylcholine (0.1-10 mug) produced a dose-dependent potentiation of oxotremorine tremor in contrast to the multiphasic effect it had on the accompanying hypothermia. Both tremor and hypothermia were antagonised by very small doses (0.1-10 ng) of atropine. 3. Dopamine and apomorphine (0.1-10 mug) had no significant effect on oxotremorine tremor. A dose-dependent potentiation of hypothermia was, however, observed. 4. Noradrenaline (0.1-10 mug), phentolamine and propranolol (0.1-10 mug) produced no significant effect on tremor and inconsistent results were obtained on hypothermia. 5. Neither tremor nor hypothermia were affected by 5-hydroxytryptamine (1-20 mug). 6. Oxotremorine tremor appears to be due solely to the activation of cholinergic pathways, whereas the production of hypothermia is brought about via a system involving both cholinergic and dopaminergic components. 5-Hydroxytryptamine is not involved.
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PMID:Modification of oxotremorine tremor and hypothermia by injections of drugs into the cerebral ventricles of the mouse. 101 35

1 Three salts of 5-hydroxytryptamine, the hydrogen maleinate, the oxalate and the creatinine sulphate were infused into the hypothalamus of 10-18 day old chickens at ambient temperatures in and below the thermoneutral range. Body temperature was recorded and behaviour observed. Electrocortigrams were recorded in experiments in which 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate was used. The effects of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and methysergide on these responses were similarly studied. 2 At thermoneutrality (31 degrees C) all 3 salts produced behavioural sleep. 5-Hydroxytryptamine oxalate had inconsistent effects on body temperature. 5-Hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate produced hypothermia at small doses and mild hyperthermia at higher doses. 5-Hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate produced hypothermia at all doses tested; the falls in temperature induced by this salt were intensified in magnitude and duration by monoamine oxidase inhibition unlike the responses to the other 2 salts. 3 At temperatures below thermoneutrality (16 degrees C) all 3 salts produced behavioural sleep and electrocortical sleep was recorded with 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate. All 3 salts produced hypothermia, which was intensified in magnitude and duration by monoamine oxidase inhibition. 4 The hypothermia produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate was prevented by equimolar doses of methysergide. 5 The position of the cannula in the hypothalamus was found to be crucial. 6 The results contrast with those found in the adult fowl. No conclusion is drawn as to the relationships of the actions of these salts when infused compared with the effects of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine release.
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PMID:Some central effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in young chickens at and below thermoneutrality. 112 91

Changes in rectal and skin temperatures following intraventricular injection of biogenic amines and related substances were investigated in rats. Intraventricular injection of norepinephrine in a small dose (6 mug) produced a slight elevation of rectal temperature, but in larger amounts (25-50 mug) resulted in a dose-dependent hypothermia which was associated with a marked rise of skin temperature. No change was observed in plasma free fatty acid and glucose levels and oxygen consumption after intraventricular injection of norepinephrine (25 mug). Intraventricular injection of imipramine and safrazine produced a slight fall in the rectal temperature. Norepinephrine-induced hypothermia was more pronounced in rats pretreated with safrazine and less in rats pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, as compared with that in controls. Intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (0.75-250 mug) brought about a marked dose-dependent hypothermia. The second injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 5 days after the first injection had no effect on the body temperature. Norepinephrine injection 2 days after the second injection of 6-hydroxydopamine produced a more pronounced hypothermia than the change in control rats without pretreatments. Haloperidol did not affect the hypothermia induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Intraventricular injection of dopamine and L-DOPA showed less effect that norepinephrine had. Intraventricular injection of phenoxybenzamine prior to norepinephrine blocked the hypothermia and skin temperature elevation which are normally observed following norepinephrine injection, while propranolol given in the same way showed less or no effect. Intraventricular injection of phenylephrine produced a dose-dependent hypothermia, whereas no dose-response relationship was obtained by isoproterenol. These results suggest that in the rat the hypothermic effect of norepinephrine injected intraventricularly is mediated by an action of central alpha-receptor. At high and low ambient temperatures hypothermia was similarly observed following intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (25 mug) as at normal room temperature. On the other hand, norepinephrine (25 mug) produced a rise in rectal temperature at high ambient temperature and a marked fall at low ambient temperature. The hypothermic effect of norepinephrine was not different between cold-adapted ones at room temperature. From the results the role of norepinephrine and other biogenic amines in the brain in thermoregulatory processes was discussed.
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PMID:[Role of brain biogenic amines in the central thermoregulatory mechanism of the rat (author's transl)]. 124 80


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