Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with central nervous system and systemic sarcoidosis had profound hypothermia and dementia with associated lymphadenopathy and hypernatremia. His capacity to develop fever remained; despite the persistent marked hypothermia, sweating and shivering in response to peripheral heating and cooling were maintained. Postmortem neuropathologic studies indicated that the hypothalamic region, generally considered to contain the primary temperature control, had been severely damaged by granulomatous sarcoid disease. These results confirm and extend previous findings of temperature disturbance in hypothalamic sarcoidosis and suggest that the integrity of the primary control of body temperature is not essential to fever production and "broad-band" regulation against environmental temperature extremes.
 ...
PMID:Hypothermia and persisting capacity to develop fever. Occurrence in a patient with sarcoidosis of the central nervous system. 88 84

From the viewpoint of the high frequency of mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia, we investigated causative factors in comparison with accidental hypothermia. We also investigated the relationship between hypothermia and the type or grade of dementia. A total of 127 demented cases including 30 males and 97 females, whose mean age was 80.6 +/- 8.9 years, were classified into 3 groups according to the axillary temperature measured in August 1989. Group A consisted of 33 cases whose body temperature was below 36 degrees C on more than 25 days. Group C consisted of 24 cases whose body temperature was above 36 degrees C on more than 25 days, and the remaining 70 cases were classified as group B. The frequency of group A classification in demented patients was higher than age-matched non-demented controls (26% vs 13%, p less than 0.05). In demented males, serum total cholesterol, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in group A than in group B or C. Body weight and serum triglyceride were also higher in group A, but not significantly. In demented females, serum albumin and hemoglobin were higher in groups A and B than group C. In addition, cases with diabetes mellitus or cases receiving with major tranquilizers were more frequent in group A, and the index of activities of daily living was higher in group A, in both sexes. Factors such as age, CRP or thyroid hormone (free T3, free T4) showed no significant difference among the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia]. 156 Jun 9

Cholinergic replacement therapy for Alzheimer's disease using existing cholinesterase inhibitors is compromised by short duration, meagre benefits restricted to subgroups of patients, and peripheral toxicity. Heptyl physostigmine is a lipophilic carbamate derivative of physostigmine. In rhesus monkeys, heptyl physostigmine (0.2-0.9 mg/kg i.m.) fully reversed a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Following oral administration in squirrel monkeys, heptyl physostigmine (8 mg/kg) induced long-lasting hypothermia (greater than or equal to 4 h), a centrally-mediated cholinergic effect. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited by 86% at the time of peak hypothermia (180 min). Clinical trials with heptyl physostigmine will enable a more rigorous evaluation of cholinomimetic therapy for dementia.
 ...
PMID:Reversal of cognitive impairment by heptyl physostigmine, a long-lasting cholinesterase inhibitor, in primates. 156 24

The prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of delirium were studied in 229 elderly patients. Fifty patients (22%) met criteria for delirium; nondelirious elderly constituted the control group. Abnormal sodium levels, illness severity, dementia, fever or hypothermia, psychoactive drug use, and azotemia were associated with risk of delirium. Patients with three or more risk factors had a 60% rate of delirium. Delirious patients stayed 12.1 days in the hospital vs 7.2 days for controls and were more likely to die (8% vs 1%) or be institutionalized (16% vs 3%). Illness severity predicted 6-month mortality, but the effect of delirium was not significant. Delirium occurs commonly in hospitalized elderly, is associated with chronic and acute problems, and identifies elderly at risk for death, longer hospitalization, and institutionalization. The increased mortality associated with delirium appears to be explained by greater severity of illness.
 ...
PMID:A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. 229 82

Rett syndrome is a neurological disorder of females characterized by dementia, autism, movement disorders and an abnormality of respiratory control. A 14-year-old girl with Rett Syndrome underwent spinal fusion surgery under general anaesthesia. No exacerbation of the respiratory control defect with surgery and anaesthesia was observed. Hypothermia, ongoing blood loss and a normal anion gap acidosis were encountered, but were not attributable to features of this disorder.
 ...
PMID:Anaesthesia and Rett syndrome: a case report. 275 49

On the basis of triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference measurements, 744 elderly women with fractured neck of femur were divided into three groups--well nourished, thin, and very thin. The mortality in the three groups was 4.4%, 8%, and 18%, respectively. Differences were not explained by age, associated disease, dementia, or marital status. Food intake after injury was related to initial nutritional state. There was a midwinter peak in fracture incidence and also a pronounced seasonal variation in the type of patient admitted; a much higher proportion of thin patients presented in winter after accidents indoors. The hypothesis that thinness or under-nutrition may impair thermoregulation and predispose to hypothermia, lack of coordination, and accident was supported by core temperature measurements on admission: those in most very thin patients were less than 35 degrees C, whereas in most well-nourished patients they were greater than 36 degrees C.
 ...
PMID:Undernutrition, hypothermia, and injury in elderly women with fractured femur: an injury response to altered metabolism? 613 Jan 96

2,8-Dimethyl-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decan-3-one (17), designed by incorporating the tetrahydrofuran ring moiety of muscarone into an 8-azaspiro[4,5]decane skeleton, and related 1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanes were synthesized and assessed as M1 muscarinic agonists for the symptomatic treatment of dementia of Alzheimer's type. The compounds were tested for central muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor affinity and in vivo muscarinic activities: namely, amelioration of scopolamine-induced impairment in rat passive avoidance tasks, and induction of hypothermia, tremor, and salivary secretion. Compound 17 exhibited potent muscarinic activities in vitro and in vivo with no selectivity. Systematic modifications of 17 were conducted, and a number of compounds, including the 2-ethyl analogue (18), 3-methylene analogue (29), 3-dithioketal analogues (26, 28), and 3-oxime analogue (37) were found to display preferential affinity for M1 receptors over M2 receptors and, in addition, to exhibit potent antiamnesic activity sufficiently separated from hypothermia-inducing activity, taken as an index of cholinergic side effects, compared with the reference compound RS86 (1). Structure-activity relationships are discussed in comparison with those for muscarone analogues. Of these compounds only two, 2-ethyl-8-methyl-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one (18) and 2,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane (29), stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in rat hippocampal slices, indicating partial agonistic activity for M1 muscarinic receptors. The optical resolution of 18 and 29 was performed. Eudismic ratios of both compounds in binding affinity were low, but M1 agonist activity resided preferentially in the (-)-isomers. The absolute configuration of (-)-29 was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis to be S, being the same as that of muscarone. Based on the in vivo selectivity, (-)-29 was selected for clinical studies.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis and structure-activity studies of a series of 1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanes as M1 muscarinic agonists. 755 70

The effects of amantadine, its dimethyl derivative, memantine and the chemically unrelated compound bifemelane were tested for antidepressant activity. Reserpine-induced hypothermia and the forced swim test (Porsolt test) were selected for this purpose. In the former test amantadine and bifemelane but not memantine were effective. In the forced swim test all three agents produced antidepressive-like activity (decreased immobility time), but in case of bifemelane it was less pronounced. The effect in the forced swim test was specific i.e. it was apparently not the result of an increase in general activity as evidenced by control experiments in the open field. The mechanism of amantadine and memantine action may involve indirect dopaminomimetic activity resulting from the blockade of NMDA receptors. However in reserpine-induced hypothermia this explanation is not valid considering the lack of effect of memantine and positive action of amantadine. Hence, amantadine may have an additional central sympathomimetic action that memantine is lacking. Bifemelane antidepressant-like activity might be attributed to an enhancement of noradrenergic transmission. We suggested that amantadine and bifemelane could be particularly useful therapeutically when depressive symptoms are present in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and dementia.
 ...
PMID:Potential antidepressive properties of amantadine, memantine and bifemelane. 836 50

We report two forensic autopsy cases of fatal accidental hypothermia in an 89-year-old woman and a 76-year-old man who were found dead and unclothed. In both cases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) was diagnosed by neuropathological examination. Wandering due to AD was determined as the cause of these accidents. Although paradoxical undressing in hypothermic victims is known to occur as a result of cold exposure, in our patients, undressing was attributed to dementia due to AD before they became hypothermic. These cases indicate that neuropathological examination is crucial to determining the cause of such accidents and that undressing is not always the result of hypothermia in elderly victims.
 ...
PMID:Accidental fatal hypothermia in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. 1274 56

This study examined the elder abuse cases that occurred in Gifu Prefecture, Japan between 1990 and 2000. We conducted a retrospective study of all the cases in which the victim was 65 years or older and autopsied in the Department of Legal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine. Fifteen victims were classified as elder abuse victims: five men and ten women. The victims ranged in age from 66 to 87 years (mean age, 74.5 years). The types of abuse were as follows: physical abuse, 13 cases; emotional abuse, five cases; neglect, four cases; and financial abuse, three cases. In eight cases, the victims were subjected to two or more types of abuse. The cause of death of the victims varied with the type of abuse. In the physical abuse cases, subdural hemorrhage was the most common cause, followed by other violence-related deaths and hypothermia. In the neglect cases, the victims died of either starvation or suffocation after the aspiration of food into the airway. In the domestic abuse cases, one of the victim's sons was the most common perpetrator, and little or no income was considered to be a risk factor for perpetrators. In the neglect cases, dementia and difficulty in performing activities of daily living were considered to be risk factors for victims, in addition to living in social isolation.
 ...
PMID:Elder abuse and neglect: social problems revealed from 15 autopsy cases. 1293 44


1 2 3 Next >>