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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A dramatic decrease in mortality from Hemophilus influenzae meningitis has occurred in recent years. Morbidity and long-term sequellae remain significant problems. A follow-up investigation of 73 cases of H. influenzae meningitis seen over a three-year period revealed: 2 deaths, 6 children with major sequellae (retardation, spastic quadriplegia, blindness, persistent seizure disorder), 10 with minor residua, and 55 with no detectable disability. Statistical analysis of clinical parameters demonstrated a significant risk of death or major morbidity in those patients who, at the time of admission, had seizures, coma, hypothermia, shock, age less than 12 months, hemoglobin less than 11 gm/100 ml, pretreatment symptoms for longer than three days, a spinal fluid white blood cell count less than 1,000/cu mm, or a spinal fluid glucose value less than 20 mg/100 ml. Using these parameters, those patients at highest risk of having lasting major morbidity with H. influenzae meningitis can be predicted, allowing more vigorous intensive care which may reduce the mortality and morbidity further.
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PMID:Prediction of morbidity in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. 84 May 37

Twelve patients who had sustained trauma presented at the emergency department with either asystole or profound hypotension. All underwent thoracotomy and temporary cross clamping of the descending thoracic aorta as part of the resuscitative measures; all received massive amounts of fluids and cold blood and underwent prompt surgical intervention. In none of these patients was there evidence of myocardial, peripheral nerve, neurologic or renal damage. One patient had residual cortical blindness. Measures were taken to preserve renal function before, during and after aortic cross clamping. These included the avoidance of nephrotoxic antibiotics, limit of clamping time to the minimum effective period, intermittent release of the aortic clamp, and intraoperative administration of osmotic diuretics or furosemide, or both. Other factors which may have contributed to these results were the youth of these patients, the absence of cardiac, renal or metabolic diseases and the hypothermia resulting from the administration of large amounts of cold blood. We concluded that temporary cross clamping of the descending thoracic aorta should be performed only for patients with massive exsanguine trauma who have cardiac arrest or who do not respond to other intensive resuscitative measures.
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PMID:Unimpaired renal, myocardial and neurologic function after cross clamping of the thoracic aorta. 94 Oct 82

Cardiopulmonary arrest is a test of the brain's tolerance to global ischemia. New insights into the pathophysiology of global ischemia have led to the potential use of early prophylactic anticonvulsants, hypothermia, barbiturate coma, glucose manipulations, calcium-blocking agents, and hemodilution. A wide spectrum of neurologic sequelae may follow global ischemia, ranging from brain death, vegetative states, and impairment of higher intellectual function to syndromes of amnesia and cortical blindness, post-anoxic myoclonus, delayed leukoencephalopathy, and spinal stroke. The distinctive features of these sequelae and their pathophysiologic aspects are discussed. Special attention is given to brain death and prognostication.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary arrest. Pathophysiology and neurologic complications. 390 62

The factors that influence the functional integrity of the central nervous system during clinical procedures involving profoundly hypothermic circulatory arrest (PHCA) have not been objectively evaluated. Intraoperative monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was performed in nine infants undergoing PHCA during repair of congenital cardiac anomalies to investigate the short-term effects of this intervention on neurophysiologic function. Latency prolongation of the primary cortical (N18,P22) and cervical spinal cord (N13) responses, reflecting slowing of neural transmission with hypothermia, occurred as a power function of decreasing systemic temperature (p less than .01). The cortical evoked response disappeared during profound hypothermia (less than 18 degrees C), remaining absent throughout the period of circulatory arrest and for a variable period of time after reperfusion. Regression analysis indicated that the time required for the recovery of the cortical evoked response on reperfusion was a linear function of the time-temperature integral of the arrest period (p less than .001) and the pH at the onset of circulatory arrest (p less than .001). Neurologic complications occurred in three patients and included cortical blindness (n = 2) and a generalized seizure disorder (n = 1). Visual dysfunction was not reflected in the intraoperative SEP recordings, whereas prolonged delay of SEP recovery, indicative of global central nervous system injury, was observed in the patient who experienced seizures after the surgery. This preliminary experience with SEP monitoring during PHCA suggests a role for this modality in determining the short-term effects of this procedure on neurophysiologic function. The recovery characteristics of somatosensory neural transmission appear to be modulated by the duration of, and temperature and pH maintained during, the arrest period.
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PMID:Cerebral monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during profoundly hypothermic circulatory arrest. 674 73

Blind male hamsters were maintained in running-wheel cages in a LD 12:12 light-dark cycle. After regular running patterns were established hypothermia was induced by ether anesthesia, wetting of the fur with ethanol, and cooling with ice. The hamsters were kept hypothermic for 3-24 h at colonic temperatures from 10 to 20 degrees C. Following hypothermia the animals were rewarmed and replaced in their home cages. Examination of the locomotor activity records showed phase shifts (delays) in activity onset that were correlated with the temperature and duration of the hypothermia but not with the circadian time at which the hypothermia was administered. The data were interpreted to mean that the circadian pacemaker was running at a reduced rate during the hypothermic bout. Calculation of the Q10 for the rate of the clock during hypothermia produced a range from 1.08 to 1.34 depending on the method of calculation. When compared with earlier data gathered from rats under similar conditions, the hamsters circadian pacemaker appears to be better temperature compensated.
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PMID:Temperature dependence of the hamster circadian pacemaker. 684 68

Blind female rats were maintained in running-wheel cages in a 12-h light-dark cycle. Hypothermia was induced by ether anesthesia, wetting of the fur by ethanol, and covering with ice. Rats were put in restraining cages and colonic temperatures were maintained between 20 and 32 degrees C for 3-16 h by cooling with ice and water. On recovery from hypothermia, the rats were replaced in their home wheels. Examination of the activity records showed significant phase delays associated with temperatures lower than 28 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, the phase delays indicated that the clock was running at about 64% normal speed giving a mean Q10 of 1.33, which is quite a bit higher than previously reported. It is speculated that, because the rat maintains its body temperature within narrow limits after the neonatal stage, it has lost the precise temperature compensation for the period of its biological clock that has been so well documented in other organisms.
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PMID:Temperature dependence of rat circadian pacemaker. 724 97

The medical records of 11 cats with histopathologic findings consistent with central nervous system (CNS) Cuterebra larvae myiasis were retrospectively examined to determine if clinical features could identify this disorder antemortem. Young to middle-aged indoor-outdoor domestic shorthaired cats presenting with acute neurologic signs from July through September predominated. Many cats recently had clinical signs consistent with upper respiratory disease. Most cats presented for depression, lethargy, or seizures. Almost all cats had abnormal rectal temperatures, either hypethermia or hypothermia. Peripheral leukocytosis and eosinophilia were not characteristic of cats with CNS cuterebriasis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not consistently disclose evidence of inflammation. Common neurologic deficits included blindness, abnormal mentation, and signs of unilateral prosencephalic disease. No specific clinical or clinicopathologic test was diagnostic for CNS cuterebriasis.
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PMID:Clinical and clinicopathologic features in 11 cats with Cuterebra larvae myiasis of the central nervous system. 977 13

The effect of food deprivation on the body temperature and activity rhythms of quail was assessed in birds exposed to both light-dark (LD) cycles and to continuous darkness (DD). Quail normally exhibit a daily rhythm of body temperature in LD that will persist in DD (that is, the rhythm is circadian). In LD, 3 days' food deprivation caused the body temperature to drop below its normal nighttime levels, whereas daytime body temperature was unaffected. In DD, food deprivation caused the body temperature to drop below normal at all phases of the circadian rhythm of body temperature. Accordingly, the lack of hypothermia during the light phase of the LD cycle following food deprivation must represent a direct exogenous or "masking" effect of light, and is not an endogenous property of the circadian system. Blind birds exposed to LD 12:12 exhibited an entrained body temperature rhythm, and food deprivation caused a drop in body temperature below normal levels during both the light and dark phases of the LD cycle. Accordingly, the masking effects of light observed in normal birds on LD cycles is mediated via retinal photoreceptors and not via extraretinal photoreceptors. Measurements of activity levels before and during fasting indicate that fasting-induced hypothermia cannot be explained simply as a consequence of decreases in activity levels. Food deprivation was also observed to cause significant phase shifts in the endogenous rhythm of body temperature.
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PMID:Effects of fasting on the circadian body temperature rhythm of Japanese quail. 1022 86

Metformin belongs to a class of drugs known as the biguanides that are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its association with lactic acidosis is well established, although rare. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is recognized as a potentially lethal condition that can occur in patients with contraindications to the drug, such as renal dysfunction, liver diseases, alcoholism, and cardiopulmonary diseases. In these cases, the plasma concentration of metformin is not necessarily abnormally high. We describe a 75-year-old diabetic woman with acute renal failure and life-threatening lactic acidosis due to metformin intoxication. Clinical manifestations included vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia, hypotension and transitory blindness. Her initial renal function was recovered after hemodialysis and she was discharged 3 months after admission.
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PMID:Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute renal failure in a type 2 diabetic patient. 1460 17

One thousand and thirty-one longstanding patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON; 275 males, 756 females; mean age +/- S.D., 72.9 +/- 9.6 years; age at onset 37.6 +/- 9.8 years; duration of illness 35.3 +/- 4.0 years) were examined in 2002, 32 years after banning of clioquinol. At onset, 66.7% of patients were unable to walk, and 4.7% complete blindness. At present time, about 41% of patients were still difficult to walk independently, including 15.8% of completely loss of locomotion. One point six percent of patients were in complete blindness and 5.8% had severe visual impairment. The majority (95.6 - 97.7%) of patients exhibited sensory disturbances including superficial and vibratory sensations and dysesthesia. Dysautonomia was observed as leg hypothermia in 79.8%, urinary incontinence in 60.7%, and bowel disturbance in 95.3%. As complication, high incidence was revealed with cataract (56.2%), hypertension (40.2%), vertebral disease (35.5%), and limb articular disease (31.5%). These results indicate the serious sequelae of clioquinol intoxication, SMON.
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PMID:Clinical analysis of longstanding subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy: sequelae of clioquinol at 32 years after its ban. 1475 38


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