Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Swine, a natural host species for infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), were infected with VSV-New Jersey (VSV-NJ) serotype virus obtained from a recent field isolate. Tissues collected from the infected pigs were examined for the presence of infective virus, for viral antigens, and/or for viral nucleic acid. Infective virus could be recovered from tissues near the site of infection for as long as 6 days after the primary infection with VSV. However, no infective virus was recovered following hypothermia induced 11 weeks after infection, or following a secondary challenge with virus 22 weeks after initial infection. Immunofluorescence tests for viral antigens and nucleic acid hybridization assays failed to detect viral antigens or nucleic acids in tissues from which no infective virus could be recovered. Titers of serum-neutralizing antibody peaked 3-5 weeks after infection and then fell slightly until the secondary infection which caused a rapid anamnestic response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) tested 3, 5, 8 or 18 weeks after primary infection all produced readily detectable antigen-specific proliferative responses when cultured with VSV. Thus, although direct tests failed to demonstrate persistence of virus after infection, the humoral and cellular immune response remained elevated for months. Infective VSV was not required to stimulate the proliferative response since UV-inactivated VSV was immunogenic in these in vitro tests. Following primary infection, antigen-specific proliferative responses could be stimulated by several strains of VSV-NJ, but not by VSV-Indiana (VSV-Ind) serotype virus. Secondary infection had relatively little effect on the proliferative response to VSV-NJ strains, but it did cause the PBM to gain responsiveness to VSV-Ind.
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PMID:Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection of swine: extent of infection and immunological response. 247 Jan 90

The use of high-dose corticosteroids in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock remains controversial. Our study was designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate for severe sepsis and septic shock. Diagnosis was based on the clinical suspicion of infection plus the presence of fever or hypothermia (rectal temperature greater than 38.3 degrees C [101 degrees F] or less than 35.6 degrees C [96 degrees F]), tachypnea (greater than 20 breaths per minute), tachycardia (greater than 90 beats per minute), and the presence of one of the following indications of organ dysfunction: a change in mental status, hypoxemia, elevated lactate levels, or oliguria. Three hundred eighty-two patients were enrolled. Treatment--either methylprednisolone sodium succinate (30 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo--was given in four infusions, starting within two hours of diagnosis. No significant differences were found in the prevention of shock, the reversal of shock, or overall mortality. In the subgroup of patients with elevated serum creatinine levels (greater than 2 mg per deciliter) at enrollment, mortality at 14 days was significantly increased among those receiving methylprednisolone (46 of 78 [59 percent] vs. 17 of 58 [29 percent] among those receiving placebo; P less than 0.01). Among patients treated with methylprednisolone, significantly more deaths were related to secondary infection. We conclude that the use of high-dose corticosteroids provides no benefit in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.
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PMID:A controlled clinical trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. 330 74

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is the clinical term used to describe a range of blistering skin disorders induced by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus and prevalently affects neonates, infants and toddlers who lack antibodies to S. aureus toxins. SSSS is a highly contagious disease and is characterised by erythema and fever, followed by the formation of large fragile superficial blisters, which rupture only to leave extensive areas of denuded skin. A diagnosis of SSSS relies on the clinical picture, as well as on histological and microbiological findings. Neonates and young infants are particularly susceptible to a lack of the protective skin barrier, which may cause excessive protein and fluid losses, hypothermia and secondary infection. Due to a complete denudation of skin, the patients also suffer from almost unbearable pain. In our communication, we present an innovative temporary coverage of the denuded skin with Suprathel (PolyMedics Innovations GmbH, Denkendorf, Germany). Suprathel relieves pain, prevents heat loss and secondary infection, accelerates wound healing, does not need to be changed and makes daily care easy for the nurses and is well tolerable for the patient.
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PMID:An innovative local treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. 2043 53

Neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids are widely used in medicine and in particular in the intensive care unit (ICU). Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to ease tracheal intubation, to optimize mechanical ventilation and oxygenation in acute respiratory disorders such as status asthmaticus and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), to prevent shivering during therapeutic hypothermia, and also in patients with elevated intracranial pressure. In the ICU, patients with sepsis, ARDS, community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, or trauma may receive corticosteroids. It is not rare that ICU patients receive concomitantly neuromuscular blocking drugs and corticosteroids. Among the various serious adverse reactions to these drugs, secondary infection and ICU-acquired weakness may place a burden to the health-care system by resulting in substantial cost and long-term morbidity. Both superinfections and ICU-acquired paresis are more likely when high doses of fluorinated corticosteroids are combined with prolonged treatment with a long-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Modern ICU practices favor lower dose of corticosteroids and very short course of short-acting curare for the management of sepsis or ARDS. Recent trials provided no evidence for increased risk of secondary infections or critical illness neuromyopathy in patients with sepsis or ARDS with the use of corticosteroids or neuromuscular blockers.
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PMID:What Is the Evidence for Harm of Neuromuscular Blockade and Corticosteroid Use in the Intensive Care Unit? 2682 Feb 74