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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Features of forming and course of ulnar nerve compression neuropathy in the cubital and Guyin's canals were studied in 86 subjects, suffering from occupational diseases of the arms due to vibration and functional overstrain. Compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve aggravates the vibration disease and arm disorders caused by functional overstrain--increases frequency, intensity and duration of paroxysmal paleness of the IV-V fingers, aggravates paresthesia, hypalgesia and hypothermia of the ulnar antebrachium, markedly decrease power of the hand, which must be taken into account when solving exert problems and carrying out treatment and rehabilitation.
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PMID:[Compression neuropathies of the ulnar nerve in occupational diseases of the arms]. 133 79

Hypoglycemia can be defined as the occurrence of a wide variety of symptoms in association with a plasma glucose concentration of 50 mg per dl or less. It may be asymptomatic, and the relief of the symptoms by administration of glucose is not sufficient to establish a diagnosis. Although the symptoms may be quite variable, they can be classified as adrenergic or neuroglycopenic. Hypothermia, hyperthermia, or localizing neurologic findings may be seen as a consequence of hypoglycemia. Severe, repeated episodes of hypoglycemia can cause a distal neuropathy that is primarily motor but can also have a sensory component. Hypoglycemia can be classified as fasting, reactive, surreptitious, or artifactual. Some causes of hypoglycemia are unique to infants and children. Underlying diseases such as liver disease, endocrine disease, or renal disease can be diagnosed by the characteristic physical findings and laboratory tests. Other causes of hypoglycemia can be identified by a variety of diagnostic tests involving measurement of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and other related compounds.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia. Definition, clinical presentations, classification, and laboratory tests. 264 29

A 2 1/2-year-old child developed peripheral polyneuropathy following exposure to hypothermia. Serial electrophysiologic studies over the next 10 months revealed progressive recovery from severe axonopathy. The literature on cold-induced neuropathy is reviewed. The two electrophysiologic studies reported previously in cold-induced polyneuropathy patients are discussed and compared with findings of our patient.
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PMID:Hypothermia-induced reversible polyneuropathy: electrophysiologic evidence of axonopathy. 285 39

Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a variety of alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuronal function. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the ways in which these pathophysiological aspects of diabetes may impair thermoregulatory function. The influence of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy on the control of peripheral blood flow is reviewed and the additional effects of changing levels of blood glucose and insulin are discussed. Both hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis are associated with hypothermia, but the reasons for this in ketoacidosis are not clear. Impairment of heat conservation may contribute to and could be a consequence of autonomic neuropathy. The final section of the paper describes a study of our own in which metabolic stability was maintained by infusing insulin intravenously before and during the determination of the thermoregulatory responses to acute cold stress. Under these conditions, there was impairment of reflex vasoconstriction in the limbs of diabetics with neuropathy. This failure to reduce heat loss resulted in half the diabetics with neuropathy shivering in response to moderate cooling, which in some subjects was accompanied by a fall in core temperature. Diabetics without neuropathy and nondiabetics neither shivered nor dropped core temperature.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and thermoregulation. 330 96

Hypothermia has been reported to be more common in diabetic people than in nondiabetic people, and we have investigated the possibility that autonomic neuropathy may be associated with disordered thermoregulation. After an overnight fast and maintenance of normoglycemia, 12 insulin-treated diabetic patients with and 11 without neuropathy and 12 nondiabetic control subjects, all less than 55 yr, were subjected to external cooling by perfusing water at 16 degrees C through a liquid-conditioned coverall for less than or equal to 45 min. Patients with autonomic neuropathy had impaired vasoconstriction to cooling, particularly in the foot, calf, and forearm. Core temperature rose by 0.2 degrees C in control subjects and by 0.15 degrees C in patients with diabetes but no neuropathy. In contrast, group mean core temperature was unchanged in those with autonomic neuropathy and fell in 3 subjects (P less than .001). Cooling caused shivering in 6 patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, but not in those with neuropathy or control subjects (P less than .05). Baseline metabolic rates were similar in all three groups, but the increase after cooling was significantly greater among those who shivered (P less than .05-.02). Thus, young diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy have impaired thermoregulation to a relatively short period of external cooling, even during metabolic stability, which may predispose to hypothermia.
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PMID:Abnormal thermoregulation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. 338 91

Evidence is reviewed linking clinical effects of ethanol with actions on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The studies reported include a series of investigations by the authors. Acutely, ethanol causes peripheral vasodilation and may also result in changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Ethanol may contribute to acute problems which may present clinically, including micturition syncope, accidental hypothermia and facial flushing. However, increased sympathetic nervous activity plays a role in causing hypertension and other symptoms during ethanol withdrawal in chronic alcoholics. Some chronic alcoholics may have neuropathy involving sympathetic nerves, and this can result in distal sweating loss and occasionally in orthostatic hypotension. Also, hypothalamic lesions associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy may result in hypothermia. Neuropathy involving parasympathetic nerves in not uncommon in alcoholics with other evidence of nervous system damage, but it is generally asymptomatic. Occasionally, vagal neuropathy may cause disorder of gastrointestinal motility, and neuropathy affecting the sacral innervation may be a factor in alcoholic impotence.
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PMID:The effects of acute and chronic ingestion of ethanol on the autonomic nervous system. 381 27

Among 421 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 55 (13%) developed 63 new peripheral nervous system (PNS) complications postoperatively. Most common was a brachial radiculoplexopathy, which occurred in 23 patients. Of these, 21 involved lower trunk or medial cord fibers. In 17 there was a correlation between the site of jugular vein cannulation and the side affected, suggesting that needle trauma played a role. Stretching from chest wall retraction may have caused some cases. Other deficits included 13 saphenous, 8 common peroneal, and 5 ulnar mononeuropathies. Six patients had persistent singultus, suggesting phrenic nerve involvement. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis was found in 5. An isolated partial Horner syndrome and a facial neuropathy were also identified. Males were more likely to develop PNS complications. Hypothermia during surgery was associated with increased risk. Most PNS deficits were transient, and lasting disability was rare.
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PMID:Peripheral nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 629 47

Although there is much information on experimental ischaemic neuropathy, there are only scant data on neuroprotection. We evaluated the effectiveness of hypothermia in protecting peripheral nerve from ischaemia-reperfusion injury using the model of experimental nerve ischaemia. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. We used a ligation-reperfusion model of nerve ischaemia where each of the supplying arteries to the sciatic-tibial nerves of the right hind limb was ligated and the ligatures were released after a predetermined period of ischaemia. The right hind limbs of one group (24 rats) were made ischaemic for 5 h and those of the other group (24 rats) for 3 h. Each group was further divided into three and the limbs were maintained at 37 degrees C (36 degrees C for 5 h of ischaemia) in one, 32 degrees C in the second and 28 degrees C in the third of these groups for the final 2 h of the ischaemic period and an additional 2 h of the reperfusion period. A behavioural score was recorded and nerve electrophysiology of motor and sensory nerves was undertaken 1 week after surgical procedures. At that time, entire sciatic-tibial nerves were harvested and fixed in situ. Four portions of each nerve were examined: proximal sciatic nerve, distal sciatic nerve, mid-tibial nerve and distal tibial nerve. To determine the degree of fibre degeneration, each section was studied by light microscopy, and we estimated an oedema index and a fibre degeneration index. The groups treated at 36-37 degrees C underwent marked fibre degeneration, associated with a reduction in action potential and impairment in behavioural score. The groups treated at 28 degrees C (for both 3 and 5 h) showed significantly less (P < 0.01; ANOVA, Bonferoni post hoc test) reperfusion injury for all indices (behavioural score, electrophysiology and neuropathology), and the groups treated at 32 degrees C had scores intermediate between the groups treated at 36-37 degrees C and 28 degrees C. Our results showed that cooling the limbs dramatically protects the peripheral nerve from ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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PMID:Hypothermic neuroprotection of peripheral nerve of rats from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. 1005 Sep 3

Cryomassage and its combination with low-intensity infra-red laser radiation have been introduced as a novel treatment of facial nerve neuropathy (FNN) in 32 patients. Electrophysiological investigations (facial thermography, classical electrodiagnosis, electromyography of the mimic muscles) and clinical data including those of long-term follow-up show that neither cryomassage nor infra-red laser radiation studied promote transformation of facial tissues in FNN patients. Use of the above factors is effective in a preclinical stage of forming contracture of the mimic muscles. Special techniques of application of local hypothermia and laser radiation can be used in multimodality treatment of both the established contracture and sluggish paresis of the facial muscles.
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PMID:[Laser therapy and cryomassage in rehabilitation of patients with facial nerve neuropathy]. 1465 Jan 31

One thousand and thirty-one longstanding patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON; 275 males, 756 females; mean age +/- S.D., 72.9 +/- 9.6 years; age at onset 37.6 +/- 9.8 years; duration of illness 35.3 +/- 4.0 years) were examined in 2002, 32 years after banning of clioquinol. At onset, 66.7% of patients were unable to walk, and 4.7% complete blindness. At present time, about 41% of patients were still difficult to walk independently, including 15.8% of completely loss of locomotion. One point six percent of patients were in complete blindness and 5.8% had severe visual impairment. The majority (95.6 - 97.7%) of patients exhibited sensory disturbances including superficial and vibratory sensations and dysesthesia. Dysautonomia was observed as leg hypothermia in 79.8%, urinary incontinence in 60.7%, and bowel disturbance in 95.3%. As complication, high incidence was revealed with cataract (56.2%), hypertension (40.2%), vertebral disease (35.5%), and limb articular disease (31.5%). These results indicate the serious sequelae of clioquinol intoxication, SMON.
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PMID:Clinical analysis of longstanding subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy: sequelae of clioquinol at 32 years after its ban. 1475 38


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