Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of hypothermia on the ABR latencies was evaluated in 14 rhesus monkeys. Data from 6 preliminary experiments showed that middle ear pressure decreased with decreasing body temperature and consequently, all experiments were conducted on animals with tympanostomy tubes inserted to maintain constant middle ear pressure. All animals were sedated with curare and anesthetized with ketamine. Hypothermia was induced by applying ice packs to the animal's body. Rectal temperatures and the ABR to click stimuli were recorded at 3-5 min intervals over a temperature range of from 38 degrees C to 20 degrees C. The pattern of latency change is characterized by increasing latency with decreasing temperature, a greater rate of change for temporally later waves and increasing rate of change for any one wave with decreasing temperature. An exponential function was applied to the data and explained at least 93% of the variances in latency. In general, a single exponential identical for all waves of an animal explained the latency change between 37 and 26 degrees C. Below 26 degrees C, a second and sometimes a third function was required. These findings are similar to those reported previously and to those describing the effect of maturation on the ABR.
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PMID:The effects of hypothermia on the latencies of the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) in the rhesus monkey. 257 36

Animal models of vascular disorders are identified or developed for the evaluation of functional deficits and morphologic alterations. This information will serve a useful purpose for a better understanding of sudden deafness, Meniere's disease, and presbycusis. The study of microcirculation of the inner ear vessels reveals that their responses to various stimuli, such as anoxia, sympathetic nerve stimulation, hypothermia, and drugs, are different from those of the middle ear vessels. In sudden occlusion of the major vascular supply to the inner ear, the cochlea is found to be more vulnerable than the vestibular labyrinth; outer and inner hair cells and stria vascularis are most often affected. Animal models for Meniere's disease are also described, and the importance of vascularity at the endolymphatic duct and sac is discussed from an etiologic viewpoint. In presbycusis, animal models show sensory cell and spiral ganglion cell atrophies in different locations than in human cochleas, and the relationship between these atrophies and vascular impairments is not clear at the present time.
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PMID:Animal models of inner ear vascular disturbances. 351 84

There are a variety of methods to access the inner ear and many of these methods depend on utilizing the middle ear as a portal. In this approach the middle ear can be used as a passive receptacle, as part of an active drug delivery system, or simply as the most convenient way to access the inner ear directly in human subjects. The purpose of this volume is to examine some of the more cutting-edge approaches to treating the middle ear. Before considering these therapies, this manuscript provides an overview of some therapies that have been delivered through the middle ear both in the past and at the current time. This manuscript also serves as a review of many of the methods for accessing the inner ear that directly utilize or pass though the middle ear. This manuscript provides the reader a basis for understanding middle ear delivery, the basis of delivery of medicines via cochlear implants, and examines the novel approach of using hypothermia as a method of altering the responses of the inner ear to damage.
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PMID:Inner Ear Therapeutics: An Overview of Middle Ear Delivery. 3124 16