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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical features in a series of 24 patients with hypothermia treated at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, are described. Hypothermia developed in all when the environmental temperature did not fall below 16 degrees. There was a preponderance of males; 14 of the 24 cases were over 50 years old. The most common predisposing factors were severe undernutrition or malnutrition with wasting and almost complete absence of subcutaneous fat, and anaemia present in over two thirds of the patients. Hypoglycaemia appeared to be the immediate precipitating factor in at least five patients. Acute pancreatitis was found in three of the four patients who died unexpectedly 2-7 days after recovery from hypothermia; focal pancreatitis and fat necrosis was also present in six other cases. It is concluded that hypothermia is not uncommon, and is a dangerous complication amongst patients with severe under- or malnutrition, and can occur even under "tropical" conditions, when the environmental temperature does not fall below 16 degrees.
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PMID:Hypothermia in the tropics. A review of 24 cases. 443 62

The mean auricular temperature of 10 malnourished Jamaican infants was 0.84 degrees C lower on admission to hospital than it was after recovery. Body temperature was influenced by ambient temperature in the malnourished state. During the rapid growth that accompanies recovery the mean auricular temperature was raised. Five malnourished children with hypothermia were given a standard high-calorie feed, and this caused the body temperature to return to normal levels within two hours in every case. These results suggest that reduced mean temperature in malnourished children may be an adaptation to conserve calories, and that severe hypothermia in malnutrition results from an acute shortage of energy reserves. Frequent feeding of malnourished children is most important in their management.
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PMID:Influence of malnutrition on the body temperature of children. 500 57

Dr Roger Meyrick outlines the scope of geriatrics and defines three categories of elderly people characterized by reduced activity, reduced resources and reduced independence.DR JOHN AGATE CONSIDERS THE DEPRIVATIONS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN OLD AGE SUCH AS: malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, deprivation of minerals and water, hypothermia and psychological deprivation.The role of the family doctor in the care of the elderly is discussed by both speakers.
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PMID:Old people. 567 15

South Africa is unique in many ways, including the state of health of its children. Discussion focuses on vital statistics -- perinatal and infant mortality rates, disease profiles, nutritional status; and demographic and socioeconomic data -- African communities, Indian communities, coloured communities, and social expenditure. The perinatal mortality rate for africans in Natal and Kwa Zulu varies from 19.7-51.9/1000 in the smaller hospitals. At the main teaching hospital in Durban, the King Edward viii, it was 75.8/1000 in 1980. The most common causes of death in the rural babies weighing more than 1500 gm were septicemia, asphyxia, meconium aspiration, and tetanus neonatorum. In those under 1500 mg the most common causes were respiratory distress, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypothermia. The main causes of the high perinatal mortality among Africans at King Edward viii Hospital were amniotic fluid infection syndrome, abruptio placenta, hypoxia, hypertension, and congenital syphilis. Accurate data for infant mortality rates for Africans are unavailable. Available data show considerable variation. The official infant mortality rates given by the State Health Department for 1975 for the country as a whole were 20.1/1000 for whites, 100.2/1000 for Africans, 104.0/1000 for coloureds, and 34.7/1000 for Asians. Black children under age 5 make up 16% of the total population but account for 55% of total deaths, whereas white children of this age make up 11% of the population and account for only 7% of total deaths. Of the 7688 admissions of African children to King Edward viii Hospital in 1980, more than 80% were due to infections, and the overall mortality in these patients was 20%. The percentage of children below the 3rd centile for weight was 6-12% for infants under 1 year old, 20-55% in children aged 1-6 years, and 30-70% in school age children. The percentage stunted (below 3rd centile for height) varied from 22-66% in preschool children. At King Edward viii Hospital, approximately 40% of children admitted are malnourished. In the main the majority of blacks are poor, illiterate, and living in overcrowded conditions. Many are unemployed or employed away from home, which causes serious disruption of family life with such consequences as teenage pregnancies and malnutrition. The mortality rates, disease profiles, and socioeconomic status of the whites in Sourh Africa are similar, and often superior, to those in Western countries. The reason for this discrepancy in the state of health and socioeconomic development of population groups is the government's policy of separate but unequal development; the policy of apartheid that reserves 87% of the land for 16% of the people, the white minority.
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PMID:The health of children in South Africa: some food for thought. 614 93

The great killers in the developing countries are the classical contagious diseases and diarrhoea. The high incidence of these diseases is mainly due to the enormously increased exposure to infectious agents in a milieu of incredibly low hygienic standards. Malnutrition on the other hand, is responsible for the long duration and the often malignant course of these diseases. Undermined immunity in malnutrition may lead to septicaemia. Diarrhoea, besides the danger of hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, acceleration of the wasting process may lead to hypovolaemic shock. Other types of circulatory disturbance are caused by very low serum albumin values, by the overloading of the wasted heart by fluid, by hight salt or calorie intake. Further dangers are hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. The briefly summarized dangers can rather exceptionally also be encountered in the advanced countries. Malnutrition in these parts of the world is brought about by organic diseases, by intractable diarrhoea or by psychologic disturbances.
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PMID:The main causes of death in malnutrition. 643 43

Child abuse and neglect, though existing in India, has not come to light because of underlying social constraints like poverty, malnutrition and infection. With an intention to study the problem of physical abuse in neglected children, patients admitted to the pediatric wards of our institution, predominantly with some form of physical abuse were specifically looked for from January 1976 onwards. Over a period of 4 1/2 years, 18 such cases were encountered. Most of the babies were less than four weeks of age, were predominantly females, were quite often premature or malnourished, and rarely had a physical deformity. These babies were deserted and later were found by police or social workers in gutters, dustbins, garbage tins, railway platforms, etc. The spectrum of abuse and injuries included newborn babies with intact placenta, at times lacerated, strangling marks on the throat, multiple bruises, bleeding from the umbilicus, avulsion of the scalp with severe bleeding, shock as a result of environmental stress (i.e., hypothermia), evidence of infection, rat bite marks, and fractures. The morbidity was very high, ultimately resulting in 88.9% mortality over varying periods of time, maximum survival being 22 days. The motive behind this abuse always was an unwanted baby.
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PMID:Physical abuse of abandoned children in India. 689 98

Sleep deprivation is associated with poor cognitive ability and impaired physical health, but the ways in which the brain and body become compromised are not understood. In sleep-deprived rats, plasma total T4 and T3 concentrations decline progressively to 78% and 47% below baseline values, respectively, brown adipose tissue 5'-deiodinase type II activity increases 100-fold, and serum TSH values are unknown. The progressive decline in plasma thyroid hormones is associated with a deep negative energy balance despite normal or increased food intake and malnutrition-like symptoms that eventuate in hypothermia and lethal systemic infections. The purpose of the present experiment was to evaluate the probable causes of the low plasma total T4 during sleep deprivation by measuring the free hormone concentration to minimize binding irregularities and by challenging the pituitary-thyroid axis with iv TRH to determine both 1) the pituitary release of TSH and 2) the thyroidal response of free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) release to the TSH increment. Sleep-deprived rats were awake 91% of the total time compared with 63% of the total time in yoked control rats and 50% of the total time during the baseline period. Cage control comparison rats were permitted to sleep normally. Sustained sleep deprivation resulted in a decline from baseline in plasma FT4 of 73 +/- 6% and FT3 of 45 +/- 12%, which were similar to the declines in total hormone concentrations observed previously; nonstimulated TSH was unchanged. In the yoked and cage control groups, FT4 also declined, but much less than that of the sleep-deprived group. The relative changes in free compared with total hormone concentrations over the study were also less parallel than those in the sleep-deprived group. The plasma TSH response to TRH was similar in all groups across experimental days. The plasma FT4 and FT3 concentrations in sleep-deprived rats increased after TRH-stimulated TSH release to an extent comparable to control values. Taken together, low basal FT4 and FT3 hormone concentrations and unchanged TSH and thyroidal responses to TRH suggest a pituitary or hypothalamic contribution to the hypothyroxinemia during sleep deprivation.
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PMID:Pituitary and peripheral thyroid hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during sustained sleep deprivation in freely moving rats. 789 53

Deficiency of the enzymes of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and related carnitine dependent steps have been shown to be one of the causes of the fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia. We describe here carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency in a neonate who died eight days after birth. The proband showed severe fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia, high plasma creatine kinase, heartbeat disorder, hypothermia, and hyperammonemia. The plasma-free carnitine on day three was only 3 microM, and 92% of the total carnitine (37 microM) was present as acylcarnitine. Treatments with intravenous glucose, carnitine, and medium-chain triglycerides had been tried without improvements. Measurements in fibroblasts confirmed deficient oxidation of palmitate and showed normal activities of the carnitine palmitoyltransferases I and II and of the three acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. A total deficiency of the carnitine-acyl-carnitine translocase was found in fibroblasts using the carnitine acetylation assay (1986. Biochem. J. 236:143-148). This assay has been further simplified by seeking conditions permitting application to permeabilized fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
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PMID:Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency with severe hypoglycemia and auriculo ventricular block. Translocase assay in permeabilized fibroblasts. 845 53

Female OF1 mice were fed on a diet deficient in alpha-linolenic acid or on a control diet 3 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Pups fed on the same diet as their mothers were used for experiments. The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency were studied in a model of learning, the Morris water maze, and on the following effects of morphine: increase in locomotor activity, modifications of rectal temperature and analgesia. In the place and in the cue versions of the Morris water maze, learning occurred at the same speed in the two diet groups; however, in the place version of the test, the level of the performance was significantly lower in the deficient mice. The probe trial and the extinction procedure did not show any difference between the two diet groups. The morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity occurred significantly earlier and was greater in the deficient diet group. Morphine induced an early hypothermia followed by a late hyperthermia; the hypothermia was significantly greater and the hyperthermia significantly smaller in the deficient mice. The pain thresholds and the morphine-induced analgesia were unmodified by the dietary deficiency. The plasma levels of morphine were similar in the two diet groups.
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PMID:Influence of a dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency on learning in the Morris water maze and on the effects of morphine. 884 19

The authors describe an infant with Down's syndrome who had a prepyloric web complicated by severe gastric outlet obstruction. The delay in diagnosis was responsible for malnutrition and the early postoperative complications of hypothermia and hypoglycemia. Awareness of the association of gastrointestinal abnormalities with Down's syndrome will enable appropriate evaluation for early diagnosis of this surgically correctable malformation.
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PMID:Gastric outlet obstruction caused by prepyloric web in a case of Down's syndrome. 888 5


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