Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 13 1/2-month-old boy with severe microcephaly was found to have nearly total absence of the telencephalon. The patient had marmorated skin, hypoplastic penis and undescended testes. Spastic tetraparesis was present. Moro, grasp and sucking reflexes were easily elicited. He could not sit or stand, but was able to raise and support his head. He had occasional convulsions and a tendency to hypothermia and vomiting. The EEG showed symmetrical low-voltage theta-delta activity. His psychomotor development was severely retarded. Bone age was normal. Head circumference was 28cm at six months and did not increase after this age. At autopsy the small cranial vault and meninges were found to be intact. Brain weight was 105g. The supratentorial part of the brain was extremely small, consisting of an irregularly lobulated mass about 3cm in diameter and without any median fissure or ventricular cavity. The telencephalon was severely involved and partly replaced by gliomesenchymal scar tissue, while the diencephalic structures, including the eyes and the optic nerves and chiasm, were comparatively well-developed. The cerebellum and brain stem were essentially intact.
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PMID:Atelencephaly. 91 6

In order to elucidate the mechanism(s) of neuronal protection by hypothermia against ischemic damage, we examined the effect of lowering temperature on the microglial activation that is thought to cause the development of ischemia-induced neuronal damages. Cultured microglia from neonatal rats were measured for microglial activation by the following indices: production of superoxide and nitric oxide by the methods of acetyl-cytochrome c reduction and nitrite accumulation in the culture medium, respectively, and cell proliferation evaluated by [3H]thymidine uptake. At 30 degrees C, superoxide production induced by phorbol ester was approximately as low as 30% of the control at 37 degrees C, and nitric oxide production after addition of lipopolysaccharide was decreased to approximately 25% of the control. The time course of nitric oxide production indicates that the induction of nitric oxide synthase seemed to be significantly suppressed by lowering temperature. In addition, the proliferation of microglia was remarkably inhibited at 30 degrees C. The level of proliferation in the hypothermic condition is much lower in microglia (14% of the control) than those in astrocytes cultured from brain cortices (96%) and fibroblasts cultured from brain meninges (53%), suggesting that the microglial activation is highly susceptible to lowering temperature. The present study indicates that hypothermia potently inhibits proliferation, superoxide and nitric oxide production of cultured microglia and that the hypothermic protection against postischemic neuronal damage might be, at least in part, due to the suppression of microglial activation.
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PMID:Hypothermic suppression of microglial activation in culture: inhibition of cell proliferation and production of nitric oxide and superoxide. 930 Apr 14

Hydranencephaly is a rare condition characterised by complete or near complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres within relatively normal sized meninges and skull, the resulting cavity being filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The following is a case report of a five month old hydranencephalic child with right upper motor facial nerve palsy who presented with signs of hydrocephalus who developed intractable hypothermia rapidly post ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion and demised. Her preoperative condition was associated with hypothermia.
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PMID:Postoperative fatal hypothermia in hydranencephaly with pre-operative hypothermia and a nerve palsy: a case report and review of the literature. 2345 50

A meningomyelocele is herniation of meninges along with neural elements through a congenital defect in the cranium or vertebral column. Reported incidence of occipital meningomyelocele is 1 in 5000 live births. Children with meningomyelocele may have varying degrees of sensory and motor deficits and other important associated congenital defects with clinical features of brain stem compression. The major anaesthetic challenges associated with myelomeningocoele repair includes difficulty in securing airway, intra-operative prone positioning, accurate assessment of blood loss and prevention of hypothermia.
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PMID:Anaesthetic management of a child with large occipital meningomyelocele. 2593 51

Anterior meningo-encephaloceles (AME) are congenital malformations characterized by herniation of brain tissue and meninges through a defect in the cranium, in frontal, orbital, nasal and ethmoidal regions. The management of this complex congenital malformation is controversial according to whether use, an intracranial, extra-cranial or combined approach. This is the first largest series published in Africa, in which we present our experience in the operative management of AME; we share our recommendation in technical consideration for surgical approach with review of the literature. All patients beneficed of neuro-radiological investigations including Plan X rays, Spiral Three dimensional CT scan and MRI. Ophthalmologic and maxillo-facial evaluations were done in all the cases. MEA are surgically approached in various ways, mainly on the basis of its location and type, by cranio-facial approach in one-step, or in two stages by intracranial approach followed by facial approach, only by cranial approach or facial approach. The surgical results were evaluated in the follow up on the basis of disappearance of cranio-facial tumefaction with correction of hypertelorism. 60 children with AME were treated in our department between January 1992 and December 2012. The mean age at time of surgery was 14 months (20 days to 18 years) with slight men predominance (28 females/32 males). Cranio-facial team operated 21 patients, 16 were operated in two stages by intracranial approach followed by facial approach, 20 cases beneficed the neurosurgical approach and three only the facial approach Some post operative complications were observed: 2 cases of post operative hydrocephalus underwent shunt; CSF fistulas in three cases cured by spinal drainage, one death due to per operative hypothermia, 3 cases of recurrence how needed second surgery. After mean follow up for 80 months (1 year to 19 years) theses techniques permitted a good cosmetics results in 42 cases, average cosmetics results in 8 cases, poor results in 5 cases and worse cosmetics results in 4 cases, The AME are rare conditions we used the multiples approach first intracranial approach followed by facial approach, but after 1998 we used one-step correction by combined approach, only cranial approach when needed or facial correction.
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PMID:Neurosurgical management of anterior meningo-encephaloceles about 60 cases. 2644 10