Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Use of addictive drugs, such as cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine, affects food and liquid intake behavior, taste preference, and body weight. Changes in specific nutrient status and metabolism can also develop; heroin addiction can cause hyperkalemia and morphine use can result in calcium inhibition. Nutrition-related physiological aspects, such as impaired gastrin release, hypercholesterolemia, hypothermia, and hyperthermia, are also seen with morphine use. Nutrition-related conditions can affect sensitivity to and dependence on drugs and their effects. Diabetes decreases sensitivity to and dependence on morphine, protein deprivation produces preferential fat utilization with low cocaine use, and vitamin D deficiency decelerates morphine dependency. During use and/or withdrawal from nicotine, heroin, marijuana, and cocaine, major changes in food selection and intake occur, which result in weight gain or loss. Detailed human studies are needed to investigate the effects of drug use on the broad spectrum of nutrients and to determine the role of nutrition during drug withdrawal.
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PMID:Nutritional effects of marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and nicotine. 220 48

Centbutindole is a new neuroleptic drug having a pharmacological profile similar to haloperidol, but it does not cause hypothermia and has a higher separation between doses causing catalepsy and neurolepsy. The interactions of centbutindole with striatal dopamine and cortical 5-HT2 receptors have been studied along with haloperidol following 3 weeks of administration. Rats received haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg, p.o.), centbutindole (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) or saline daily for 21 days. Following drug withdrawal for 3 days, apomorphine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HTP, 50-200 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected. Apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour was potentiated in the haloperidol-treated rats, while the 5-HTP-induced behavioural syndrome was increased in centbutindole-treated rats. Receptor binding studies indicated an increase in the maximal binding capacity Bmax of striatal dopamine receptor (29.4%) in haloperidol-treated and of cortical 5-HT2 receptor (17.8%) in centbutindole-treated animals. No change in the apparent dissociation constant Kd was observed. It is concluded that repeated treatment with haloperidol produced striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity while centbutindole treatment produced cortical serotonergic receptor supersensitivity.
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PMID:Differential alteration in striatal dopaminergic and cortical serotonergic receptors induced by repeated administration of haloperidol or centbutindole in rats. 290 59

Rats of 30, 45, 60 and 120 days of age, maternally exposed to methadone (5 mg/kg daily) during gestation and/or lactation, were evaluated on a variety of behavioral and physiological parameters related to drug withdrawal. Animals were tested before and after an acute injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg). Prior to naloxone injection, methadone-exposed rats were subnormal in body temperature at 30 days of age, hypoalgesic at 45 days, and weighed less than controls at 60 days. Additionally, and in contrast to control rats, methadone-exposed animals at most ages displayed head shake and wet-dog shake behaviors. After naloxone administration, methadone-exposed rats exhibited an increase in the mean number of head and wet-dog shakes over pre-injection levels. Although control rats injected with naloxone also demonstrated head shakes (at all ages) and wet-dog shakes (at 45 days), these behavior were usually not of the magnitude as noted for methadone-exposed offspring receiving naloxone. Perturbations in body weight and hypothermia during development, along with head shake and wet-dog shake behaviors which were exacerbated following naloxone administration, suggest a protracted state of physical dependence/withdrawal and/or permanent damage as a result of perinatal exposure to methadone.
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PMID:Withdrawal-like symptoms in young and adult rats maternally exposed to methadone. 719 96