Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phorbol esters, in particular 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), have been shown to have profound effects on most biological systems including tumor promotion. Presented here are studies on the acute toxic effects of TPA, and the effects of phorbol esters on the in vivo and in vitro, T cell-dependent, antigen-specific antibody response in the mouse. The LD50 of a single i.v. dose of TPA in the mouse was 309 micrograms/kg. Acute toxic effects included lethargy, hypothermia and enlarged, hemorrhagic spleens at the higher doses. TPA was shown to be a potent inhibitor of the in vivo primary antibody response as measured by the IgM antibody-forming cell (AFC) response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC). The ED50 of a cumulative i.v. dose was 145 micrograms/kg administered the day before and the day of immunization (72.5 micrograms/kg/day). A cumulative dose of 500 micrograms/kg (250 micrograms/kg/day) resulted in a 100% suppression of the response. This in vivo exposure to TPA did not alter B cell/T cell ratio in the spleen. Phorbol ester analogs inactive in other biological systems were also inactive in the in vivo AFC response. The in vitro AFC assay was used to determine what cell type was being affected by TPA. Separation of the adherent spleen cells into B and T cell populations was done using nylon wool columns and anti-theta plus complement treatment. Experiments with these cell populations indicated that TPA produced suppression of the response due to an effect on the nylon wool adherent cell population.
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PMID:Suppression of the antibody response by phorbol esters in the mouse is due to an effect on the nylon wool adherent cell population. 387 72

An untreated malignancy of an anatomic or functional single kidney is fatal. However, tumor enucleation, including examination of the abscission surfaces by immediate per operative section should be considered as a curative treatment. Of 15 patients who underwent tumor enucleation during the past 10 years, 1 died of postoperative complications, while 3 patients died of tumor progression; 9 are alive at 9-49 months with no evidence of disease, and 2 are alive, one with a metastasis and the other with a locoregional relapse in the contralateral kidney bed. Because of the low incidence of complications, superficial hypothermia with ice should be preferred to extracorporeal surgery. The characteristic pseudocapsule allows an enucleation of the malignoma with protection of vessels and optimal preservation of the healthy parenchyma.
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PMID:Value of enucleation of tumor in solitary kidneys. 387 87

Supradiaphragmatic extension of tumor thrombus from a renal cell carcinoma presents a major surgical challenge. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia and cardiac arrest with temporary exsanguination has allowed for successful surgical excision of these tumors. A renal cell carcinoma on the right side with a supradiaphragmatic tumor thrombus still may only partially occlude the vena cava. The collateral venous circulation of the left renal vein may be developed poorly and a pericardial patch can allow successful reconstruction of the inferior vena cava. If the tumor arises on the left side continued venous drainage of the right kidney is mandatory to prevent venous infarction of the right kidney. The entire vena cava also might be reconstructed theoretically with pericardium.
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PMID:Supradiaphragmatic renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus: indications for vena caval reconstruction with pericardium. 396 47

The feasibility of combining local heat treatment with whole-body hypothermia in an effort to improve therapeutic gain was assessed. Superficial, nonperfused phantom tumors were fashioned in eight anesthetized mongrel dogs by transplantation of the spleen from the abdomen to a subcutaneous site on the hindlimb. After pretreatment of the animal with the vasodilator hydralazine (0.5 mg/kg, IV) to enhance normal tissue perfusion, the spleen implant was heated with a 2450-MHz microwave diathermy apparatus, first with the animal's core body temperature in the normal range (39 degrees C) and then after the animal had been packed in ice to reduce core temperature to 30 degrees C. Applied power density and temperatures in both the phantom tumor and underlying muscle tissue were recorded during brief interruptions of diathermy until steady-state temperatures had been achieved. Under normothermic conditions with time-averaged applied power of 0.038 W/ml to phantom tumor and 0.014 W/ml to underlying muscle, tumor temperature rose to 45.9 +/- 1.8 degree C, while muscle temperature remained at 40.5 +/- 0.7 degree C. During whole-body hypothermia applied power could be increased to 0.114 W/ml in phantom tumor and to 0.025 W/ml in muscle. Muscle temperature rose only to 33.8 +/- 1.6 degree C, while that of the nonperfused phantom tumor rose to 53.6 +/- 4.3 degrees C with systemic hypothermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Use of combined systemic hypothermia and local heat treatment to enhance temperature differences between tumor and normal tissues. 399 May 96

A ferret with clinical and laboratory signs of hypoglycemia was found at surgery to have a beta cell tumor of the pancreas. There had been recurrent episodes of weakness, ataxia, dehydration, and hypothermia. A fasting blood glucose content was 43 mg/dl and the amended insulin/glucose ratio was 362.5. The tumor was removed, yet hypoglycemia persisted postoperatively. Clinical signs related to hypoglycemia did not recur following application of medical treatment and frequent feedings. The histologic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that which has been seen in other species.
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PMID:Pancreatic beta cell tumor in a ferret. 609 38

Renal preservation and cure of bilateral occurrence of renal tumors or stones as well as occurrence in solitary kidney put all urologists on the thorns of dilemma. Application of extracorporeal surgery resulting in autotransplantation of the kidney for such complicated cases seems useful. Case 1 was a bilateral renal Wilms' tumors in a 17-month-old boy, case 2 and 3 were undiagnosed tumors in renal pelvis and ureter. Extracorporeal surgery enables an accurate partial nephrectomy and yet helps to avoid not only the dissemination of tumor cells, but also undesired nephrectomy in case of benign origin. On the contrary, bilateral nephrectomy followed by dialysis or homo-transplantation will result in an immunosuppressive state and the radicality may only be temporary. Besides, the 5-year survival of dialysis therapy is in the range of 60-65%. Thus the indication of autotransplantation was signified in the tumor situation of case 1. For the 2nd and 3rd cases, this method seems to be the best in satisfying the dilemma in discussion. Likewise, the complicated renal calculi could be completely removed without further deterioration of renal function if they were extracorporeally treated and autotransplanted. We proved that 83% of the difficult stones can be completely removed under hypothermia in situ. For application of autotransplantation to the calculous disease, we feel observation of contraindication is essential for better results at this stage.
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PMID:[Indications of extracorporeal surgery (autotransplantation) for upper urinary tumors and renal calculi]. 609 49

We have examined the effect of mildly hypothermic temperatures (22-32 degrees) on the cytotoxicity of Adriamycin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, bleomycin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. Over a dose range of Adriamycin, cell killing at 30 degrees was reduced by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude as compared to that at 37 degrees. cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum was also less cytotoxic at 30 degrees (0.4 to 1.2 orders of magnitude) than at 37 degrees. For bleomycin and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, the reduction in cytotoxicity at 30 degrees in comparison to 37 degrees was less marked. All drugs were more toxic at 42.4-43 degrees than at 37 degrees. Precooling of cells for 2 hr at 30 degrees did not alter the cell killing caused by these drugs at elevated temperatures. These results suggest that a more selective anticancer effect might result if some chemotherapeutic drugs were administered during whole-body hypothermia and regional-local hyperthermia of tumor masses.
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PMID:Temperature dependence of adriamycin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, bleomycin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity in vitro. 618 47

Wilms' tumor invades the renal vein in 12% of patients and extends into the inferior vena cava in another 6%. In a few cases, the tumor propagates into the right side of the heart. Since patients with Wilms' tumor seldom require renal arteriography, and because vena cava involvement may be silent, venous invasion may go undetected until the time of radical nephrectomy. A preoperative vena cavogram is recommended, and if a thrombus is found, a right heart angiogram is needed to determine the superior extent of thrombus. An understanding of the collateral venous circulation of the kidneys and of the physiological effects of malignant or iatrogenic obstruction of the inferior vena cava are essential to formulating the operative approach. Various operative maneuvers, intraoperative studies, and surgical aids (including cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia) have made forms of intracaval Wilms' tumor amenable to excision.
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PMID:Wilms' tumor: an approach to vena caval intrusion. 629

Pentobarbital anesthesia has been observed to increase markedly the effectiveness of respiration of oxygen at 3 atmospheres of pressure absolute to increase the response of early generation isotransplants of C3H mouse tumors to two-dose irradiation. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is suppression of oxygen utilization by the pentobarbital and hence increasing mean pO2 and oxygen diffusion lengths. Measurements of QO2 of suspension of MCaIV and FSaII cells from freshly excised tumor tissue have been measured for cells suspended in PBS, Hank's buffered with HEPES +/- glutamate. The oxygen utilization by these tumor cells in vitro (when measured at congruent to 10 minutes after excision) is low, viz. 1 nmole/min/mg protein as compared with 6-9 nmoles/min/mg protein for established cell lines cultured in vitro. The suppression of QO2 by 2mM pentobarbital is less than 10%. This is a concentration of pentobarbital that is judged to be close to that which obtains in the tissues of the animals in the radiation response assays. Pentobarbital at .2mM did not change the cell survival characteristics of Chinese V79 cell spheroids irradiated in vitro. The results of these experiments do not indicate the suppression of oxygen utilization is an important contributor to the observed phenomenon of the increased response of tumors irradiated in mice respiring oxygen at high pressure. The role of hypothermia produced by the anesthesia is under further study.
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PMID:On the mechanism for enhancement of tumor radiation to hyperbaric oxygen in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized rodents. 653 7

As many as 50 per cent of explorations for intrascrotal masses result in orchiectomy for benign disease. The most common diagnoses are hydrocele, epididymitis and benign testicular tumors. Many of these diagnoses could be made before orchiectomy if the tunica vaginalis and, occasionally, the tunica albuginea were opened, and the lesion biopsied. However, violation of the testicular tunics traditionally has been considered taboo because of the dangers of tumor seeding. In 1906 Chevassu suggested inguinal exploration and occlusion of the testicular vessels before biopsy of suspicious lesions. We have added scrotal hypothermia, double ligation of the gubernaculum before its division and irrigation with distilled water to provide a procedure that adheres to the principles of good cancer surgery. Its use during inguinal explorations for suspicious intrascrotal masses in 5 patients led to a benign diagnosis and preservation of the testis in 3 instances without subsequent testicular atrophy. Its judicious use can decrease the incidence of orchiectomy for benign disease.
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PMID:When to use the Chevassu maneuver during exploration of intrascrotal masses. 664 5


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