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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Somatic, psychomotor, and intellectual development were studied in 11 patients who had total correction of congenital cardiac malformation in early infancy by the method of surface-induced deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest up to 43 minutes. Time between operation and re-evaluation ranged from 3 to 11 years (average 7 years). Somatic development was normal in all children. Psychomotor and intellectual behavior, measured by a battery of specially adapted test methods, failed to show a statistically significant difference when compared between the study group, a matched control group, and the normal population. Normal scores in psychomotor tests and normal intelligence quotients (I.Q.) were present in 8 patients; mental retardation was found in 2 patients: and unstable behavior, evident from different tests, was present in one. Except for the last case, in none of the patients was the method was found to be the primary cause of the abnormal behavior. Deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in early infancy does not appear to have a negative influence on somatic, psychomotor, or intellectual development.
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PMID:Psychomotor and intellectual development after deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in early infancy. 96 81

An eight-year-old black male with severe growth and mental retardation presented with massive myxedema, hyponatremia, and hypothermia. History of hypothyroidism was confirmed by laboratory investigation. The hypothyroidism appeared to be secondary to organic pituitary insufficiency due to diffuse brain damage. Appropriate therapeutic response was achieved initially only with intravenous thyroxine therapy. This case is reported to illustrate the unusual association of secondary hypothyroidism with severe myxedema and hyponatremia in the pediatric age group. The physiopathology of hyponatremia in hypothyroid myxedema is discussed also.
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PMID:Hypothyroid myxedema and hyponatremia in an eight-year-old child: a case report. 739 90

Brain injury causing dysthermia has appeared to be not uncommon in institutionalized people with mental retardation. We sought to determine the characteristics and risks of patients of one institution. Of 1100 residents surveyed over 10 years 92 were reported to have unexplained high or low body temperatures, and 48 were monitored. Core temperatures were taken by non-invasive thermometers recording continuously for 24 h. Results were related to clinical conditions and aetiologies of mental retardation. Twenty-one per cent of the residents monitored showed hyperthermia, often related to prenatal metabolic or chromosomal abnormalities. Forty-two per cent had hypothermia, related to other causes of brain injury. Seventy-five per cent had abnormal patterns, including flat or exaggerated rhythms, reversed day-night cycle, unusual fluctuations, or sleep phase delay. Sixty-two per cent of 21 deaths to date have occurred in hypothermic patients. Occasional discrepancies between history of dysthermia and monitored results are best explained by fluctuations of temperature control over several days, probably due to changes in timing of hypothalamic rhythmicity. This could be better delineated by longer periods of monitoring.
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PMID:Hypothalamic dysthermia in persons with brain damage. 795 Dec 10

Menkes disease is a rare, sex-linked recessive disorder characterized by kinky hair, convulsion, mental retardation, bone and connective tissue lesions, and hypothermia. These symptoms have been attributed to suppression of copper-dependent enzymes resulting from copper deficiency. We report a case of a 7-month-old infant with Menkes disease who underwent repair of inguinal hernia. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane-N2O-O2, and the operation was carried out uneventfully. Although the patient had been medicated with anticonvulsants preoperatively, transient seizure occurred in the recovery room. We also discuss pathophysiology and anesthetic management of a patient with Menkes disease.
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PMID:[Anesthetic management of an infant with Menkes disease]. 823 Jul 25

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C). Several conditions which can occur in the psychiatric population increase the risk of hypothermia: nocturnal enuresis, seizure disorder, debilitating physical illness, and mental retardation. The risk of hypothermia is further increased by the use of several classes of medications used to treat psychiatric disorders: antipsychotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, benzodiazepines, and other sedatives. Air-conditioning is also identified as a risk factor for hypothermia. Hypothermia is posited as a possible link between antipsychotic medication and sudden unexplained death. Suggestions for further investigation are made, and clinical recommendations are offered to reduce the risk of hypothermia in the psychiatric patient population.
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PMID:Risk factors for hypothermia in psychiatric patients. 880 34

Profound hypothermia (core temperature of less than 28 degrees C) is a life threatening state and a medical emergency associated with a high mortality rate. The prognosis depends on underlying diseases, advanced or very early age, the duration prior to treatment, the degree of hemodynamic deterioration, and especially, the methods of treatment, including active external or internal rewarming. This is a case study of an 80-year-old female patient with severe accidental hypothermia (core temperature 27 degrees C). She was found in her home lying immobile on the cold floor after a fall. The patient was in a profound coma with cardiocirculatory collapse, and the medical staff treating her was inclined to pronounce her deceased. On her arrival at the hospital, she was resuscitated, put on a respirator and actively warmed. Very severe metabolic disorders were found, including a marked metabolic acidosis composed of diabetic ketoacidosis (she had suffered from insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus) and lactic acidosis with a very high anion gap (42) and a hyperosmotic state (blood glucose 1202 mg/dl). There were pathognomonic electrocardiographic abnormalities, J-wave of Osborn and prolonged repolarization. Slow atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response of 30 bpm followed by a nodal rhythm of 12 bpm and reversible cardiac arrest were recorded. The pulse and blood pressure were unobtainable. Despite the successful resuscitation and hemodynamic and cognitive improvement, rhabdomyolysis (CKP 6580 u/L), renal failure and hepatic damage developed. She was extubated and treated with intravenous fluids containing dopamine, bicarbonate, insulin and antibiotics. Her medical condition gradually improved, and she was discharged clear minded, functioning very well and independent. Renal and liver tests returned eventually to normal limits. Progressive bradycardia, hypotension and death due to ventricular fibrillation or asystole commonly occur during severe hypothermia. Respiratory and metabolic, sometimes lactic, acidosis, lethargy and coma, hypercoagulopathy, hyperosmolar state, acute pancreatitis and renal and hepatic failure are frequent complications of hypothermia. Underlying predisposing causes of hypothermia are diabetic ketoacidosis, cerebrovascular disease, mental retardation, hypothyroidism, pituitary and adrenal insufficiency, malnutrition, acute alcoholism, liver damage, hypoglycemia, sepsis, hypothalamic dysfunction, sepsis and polypharmacy, and especially, the use of sedative and narcotic drugs. Our case demonstrates once again that CPR once begun should continue until the successful rewarming because "no one is dead until warm and dead".
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PMID:[Severe accidental hypothermia in an elderly woman]. 1175 73

Primary congenital hypothyroidism is a common preventable cause of mental retardation. Neonatal thyroid screening is highly successful in early diagnosis and the improvement of developmental prognosis in the hypothyroid neonate. However, rarely cases could be missed, so doctors must be aware of the earl symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to emphasize the presenting clinical features of primary congenital hypothyroidism at the age of diagnosis. The study population included 17 children with primary congenital hypothyroidism who attended the Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla between 1986 and 1999. The diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by serum thyroid function tests (T4 and TSH). Of the 17 patients 10 (58.8%) were diagnosed in the first three months of life and 3 of them (17.6%) between fourth and sixth month of life. Four children (23.5%) were diagnosed after the age of six months. In the first three months of life hypothermia, constipation, jaundice, poor feeding, hoarse cry, macroglossia and hypoactivity were the moste common symptoms. Among the 17 patients with primary congenital hypothyroidism 5 of them (29.4 %) were diagnosed to have disgenetic thyroid tissue and 12 (70.6%) as having dyshormonogenesis. TSH and T4 levels were higher in patients in whom thyroid tissue was dysgenetic as comapared with those with dyshormonogenesis but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Now it is expected that neonatal screening program in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation will contribute to the detection of primary congenital hypothyroidism in early days of life. However, until an effective screening test is not yet routine in whole country, paediatricians should consider the diagnosis of hypothyroidism whenever it is clinically suggested.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of primary congenital hypothyroidism: experience before mass screening. 1635 94

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of brain injury in the newborn and can result in long-term devastating consequences. Perinatal hypoxia is a vital cause of long-term neurologic complications varying from mild behavioural deficits to severe seizure, mental retardation, and/or cerebral palsy in the newborn. In the mammalian developing brain, ongoing research into pathophysiological mechanism of neuronal injury and therapeutic strategy after perinatal hypoxia is still limited. With the advent of promising therapy of hypothermia in HIE, this paper reviews the pathophysiology of HIE and the future potential neuroprotective strategies for clinical potential for hypoxia sufferers.
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PMID:Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. 2119 2

Despite improvements in obstetrical and neonatal care, and introduction of hypothermia as a neuroprotective therapy, perinatal brain injury remains a frequent cause of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy. The recognition of dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation is essential for a real time measure of efficacy to identify those who are at highest risk for brain injury. This article will focus on the "neurovascular unit" approach to the care of asphyxiated neonates and will address 1) potential mechanisms of dysfunctional cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, 2) optimal monitoring methodology such as NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy), and TCD (transcutaneous Doppler), and 3) clinical implications of monitoring in the neonatal intensive care setting in asphyxiated newborns undergoing hypothermia and rewarming. Critical knowledge of the functional regulation of the neurovascular unit may lead to improved ability to predict outcomes in real time during hypothermia, as well as differentiate non-responders who might benefit from additional therapies.
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PMID:The "neurovascular unit approach" to evaluate mechanisms of dysfunctional autoregulation in asphyxiated newborns in the era of hypothermia therapy. 2506 4

Risperidone is a widely used, second-generation antipsychotic approved for treating schizophrenia as well as for treating aggression in children and adolescents with mental retardation. The substance has a well-established risk profile including alterations of body temperature. Apart from hyperthermia with and without full-blown malignant neuroleptic syndrome, low body temperatures (hypothermia) have also been reported anecdotally, usually appearing in the context of comedication. Here, we report a case of hypothermia associated with a low-dose risperidone monotherapy in a child.
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PMID:Mild Hypothermia in a Child with Low-Dose Risperidone. 2768 94


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