Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of prolonged light halothane anesthesia (0.8%) on the proliferation rate of different mouse tissues was investigated, using [5-125I]5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine uptake into DNA as the test parameter. It was found that DNA synthesis in spleen, femoral bone marrow, and, occasionally, the small intestine was significantly depressed after exposure for 24 hr to halothane in vivo. The time course of DNA synthesis inhibition was then investigated by utilizing a shorter (6-hr) exposure time. This period was found to be insufficient to cause DNA synthesis inhibition in any of test tissues. Because anesthesia was found to be associated with hypothermia at normal room temperatures, it was established that the inhibition of DNA synthesis was not due to cooling of the mice under anesthesia by demonstrating that inhibition in sensitive tissues occurred at warmer temperatures as well. To examine the specificity of this finding, the DNA synthesis rate of cells in other normal tissues, e.g., skin and muscle, and in s.c.-growing tumor cells of a mouse mammary carcinoma, L1210 leukemia, and a first transplant AKR lymphoma were examined. In none were responses noted with 24 hr of halothane exposure. However, halothane was found to inhibit DNA synthesis in regenerating marrow. Finally, it was found that after significant exposure to halothane, complete recovery was seen in the spleen after 24 hr, whereas femur DNA synthesis was still depressed by 20% at the same time.
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PMID:Preferential inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse hemopoietic cells by halothane. 97 81

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
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PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

Combined heart and lung transplantation was performed in rhesus or cynomolgus monkeys in order to confirm the ability of primates to withstand complete cardiopulmonary denervation, to develop a satisfactory operative method, and to obtain survival of allotransplant recipients using Cyclosporin-A immune suppression. Twenty-seven monkeys weighing 2.6 to 10.1 kg received either autotransplants or allotransplants by two different operative techniques. Seventeen animals were operated upon with hypothermia and circulatory arrest. One autotransplant recipient is alive at 368 days, but all allotransplant recipients (untreated) died within 5 days despite normal breathing patterns. Ten animals operated upon with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass fared better. Three autotransplant recipients are alive 60, 199, and 312 days postoperatively. Three of seven allotransplant recipients treated with Cyclosporin-A (25 mg/kg, then tapered) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg for 14 days) were long-term survivors. One died at 144 days of lymphoma and two are currently living 156 and 191 days postoperatively. The results suggest that heart and lung transplantation is possible in primates and that allografted recipients can survive for extended periods with Cyclosporin-A used for immune suppression.
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PMID:Heart and lung transplantation: autotransplantation and allotransplantation in primates with extended survival. 677 78

Scalp hypothermia has been introduced to reduce the temporary epilation associated with certain cytotoxic drugs. This has improved compliance with drug delivery for some patients. It is currently not recommended for use in those tumors with a high prevalence of scalp metastasis, ie, leukemia and lymphoma. We have treated a patient for mycosis fungoides who demanded use of a "cooling cap" while undergoing consolidation chemotherapy. Cutaneous disease recurred on the scalp, with no other evidence of mycosis fungoides. Caution should be used in reducing drug delivery to the scalp while treating tumors manifesting cutaneous stem cell tumor nests.
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PMID:Misuse of scalp hypothermia. 723 71

There are only few reports in the literature on the occurrence of hypothermia after chemotherapy. It occurred after various cytostatics and lasted for few hours to several days. Our material consisted of 11 patients with malignant lymphoma who were given chemotherapy protocols including cisplatin. In 5 patients (2 with Hodgkin's disease and 3 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) who had high fever, after treatment the temperature decreased down to 34.3 degrees C. Hypothermia disappeared spontaneously after few days. The drug responsible for this effect in our patients was cisplatin.
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PMID:[Hypothermia during chemotherapy for lymphomas]. 747 30

The aim of this study was to determine if evolution of fever after administration of indomethacin to febrile patients could separate those with fever of infectious origin from those with non-infectious origin. All patients with a rectal body temperature superior than 38 degrees C for at last 5 days and without any antibiotic or antipyretic therapy for more than 48 hours, were included in a 1 year prospective study. Each patient received one time 50 mg of indomethacin and rectal body temperature was obtained every 3 hours for 12 hours. Forty-five patients were included, 20 in group I (fever of infectious origin) and 25 in group II (fever of non-infectious origin). The mean age and mean initial body temperature were similar in the two groups. After administration of indomethacin, mean duration and mean amplitude of abatement of fever were similar in the two groups. Hypothermia was observed more frequently in group II (28%) than in group I (10%) (p < 0,05) and was preferentially associated to a malignant lymphoma. Also, diagnostic procedure with indomethacin is of little interest to separate fever of infectious origin from other, but hypothermia would suggest a fever due to a malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[Is the indomethacin test able to indicate the etiological diagnosis of isolated fever?]. 748 Nov 52

Energy restriction (ER) has proven to be the only effective means of retarding aging in mice. The mechanisms of multiplicity of effects of ER on aging remain, however, fragmentary. ER induces daily torpor, the induction of which is reduced by increasing the ambient temperature to 30 degrees C. The effects of preventing hypothermia in ER animals were studied in terms of the expected consequences of ER on survival, disease pattern and a number of physiological parameters in autoimmune prone MRL/lpr mice and lymphoma prone C57BL, 6 mice. The results demonstrate that torpor plays a crucial role in the prevention of lymphoma development but does not have an affect on other aspects of ER, such as prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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PMID:A tumor preventive effect of dietary restriction is antagonized by a high housing temperature through deprivation of torpor. 903 56

Merocyanine 540 (MC540)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) inactivates experimental leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma cells by a singlet oxygen-mediated mechanism but is relatively well tolerated by normal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). MC540 is currently undergoing phase I clinical testing for the extracorporeal purging of autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. We report here that performing MC540-mediated PDT at 4.7 degrees C (hypothermia) instead of at ambient temperature enhanced the photoinactivation of L1210 cells and CFU-GM but left the photoinactivation of K562 cells unchanged. Hypothermia reduced dye binding in K562 but not in L1210 cells, whereas the photogeneration of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) was affected in neither cell line. Post-PDT incubation at 4 degrees C delayed the decay of LOOH and enhanced the photoinactivation of CFU-GM as well as L1210 and K562 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that hypothermia interfered with the repair of potentially lethal photodynamic damage. They stress the importance of temperature control during and immediately after the photochemical purging of autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells.
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PMID:Effect of hypothermia on the merocyanine 540-mediated purging of hematopoietic cells. 911 16

An 8-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat with a history of hyperthyroidism, anorexia, dehydration, cervical ventroflexion, and behavioral changes was referred to the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine. The cat was obtunded, with severe dehydration (15%) and hypothermia (86 degrees F), and severe muscle atrophy and fasciculations. Serum biochemical abnormalities included severe hypernatremia (195 mmol/L, reference interval 155-165 mmol/L), hyperchloridemia (161 mmol/L, reference interval 123-131 mmol/L), and hypokalemia (3.6 mmol/L, reference interval 4.0-5.7 mmol/L). Calculated osmolality was 418 mOsm/kg (reference interval 280-305 mOsm/kg), attributable to the hypernatremia. The cat was kept warm and given fluid and glucocorticoid therapy and supportive measures but remained unresponsive. Hypernatremia and hyperosmolality improved through day 3, when the cat died suddenly. At necropsy, a 1.25-cm mass was found in the area of the thalamus and interthalamic adhesion that extended to the ventral aspect of the cerebrum. The histologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis was B-cell lymphoma. Hypernatremia and hyperosmolality in this cat were attributed to primary adipsia and hypothalamic dysfunction secondary to effacement of central nervous system tissue by neoplastic lymphocytes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of central nervous system lymphoma, confirmed by use of immunohistochemical analysis as a B-cell phenotype, associated with hypernatremia. It also is the first reported case of lymphoma in animals limited to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum, with no involvement of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Hypernatremia associated with intracranial B-cell lymphoma in a cat. 1696 28

Three structurally related phenyltetrahydropyridinyl butylazole (PTHPB)-derived drug candidates with sigma receptor-binding properties were evaluated for genotoxic potential in the ICH standard battery of genetic toxicology assays. These comprised an Ames test, a mouse-lymphoma assay, and a mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. The maximum test concentrations in the in vitro assays were determined by the solubility and/or the cytotoxicity of the compounds. In the mouse micronucleus assay, the compounds were administered orally at three levels up to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Negative results were obtained for all three drug candidates in the Ames test and in the mouse-lymphoma assay, both in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. In the mouse micronucleus test, there was no effect on the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in bone marrow after oral administration of any of the three test compounds, at any dose level or sampling time (24 and 48h). Administration of all three compounds at the MTD induced a clear decrease in mouse body-temperature of 3.1-4.8 degrees C below normal; the temperature returned to normal within 8h of dose administration. The produced mild hypothermia and absence of micronucleus induction was in contrast to the induction of MNPCE secondary to marked hypothermia reported for a structurally similar PTHPB-derived sigma-receptor ligand, the antipsychotic compound E-5842. The results obtained in the current series of studies suggest that exposure to the three tested PTHPB-derived drug candidates would not pose a genotoxic risk under clinical conditions.
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PMID:Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of three phenyltetrahydropyridinyl butylazole-derived sigma-receptor ligand drug candidates. 1850 68


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