Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perinatal clinical data were collected retrospectively from 35 newborn infants infected with Listeria monocytogenes and compared with the subsequent outcome. The average annual incidence of neonatal listeriosis in the Canton of Zurich (Switzerland) between 1983 and 1987 was 0.33 per 1000, which is more than twice that during the preceding 10 years. This increase paralleled a similar outbreak in the French part of Switzerland, where contaminated soft cheese was found to be the source. Three infants were probably cross-infected in the delivery room. Antenatal symptoms included fever in the mother, greenstained amniotic fluid, pathological cardiotocogram, premature contractions and disappearance of fetal movements. After birth the infants showed respiratory distress, fever or hypothermia, exanthema or neurological abnormalities. A gram stain of the gastric content was highly accurate in predicting listeria infection (92% sensitivity, 90% specificity). Five infants died, all within 24 h of birth; seven infants survived with and 23 without, sequelae. Factors associated with fatal outcome were a short gestational age, a low birth weight and a long interval between onset of symptoms and delivery or first dose of an appropriate antibiotic. Cephalosporins were not effective in four infants and therefore should not be given alone to pregnant women and newborn infants as long as Listeria monocytogenes infection is not excluded.
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PMID:[Listeriosis in the newborn infant: improved prognosis due to early detection]. 250 13

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be important for intracellular microbiostasis in vitro. To determine the role of NO in immune function in vivo, groups of C57BL/6 mice were given a sublethal intravenous inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes EGD, and their urine was monitored daily for nitrate, the mammalian end product of NO metabolism. Urinary nitrate levels peaked at 5 to 10 times the basal level on days 5 to 6, when spleen and liver Listeria counts declined most steeply, and decreased thereafter, when spleens and livers were nearly sterile. Peritoneal macrophages explanted from Listeria-infected mice produced nitrite spontaneously, whereas macrophages from uninfected mice did not. The inducible NO synthase mRNA was detectable in the spleens of infected mice on days 1 to 4 of infection. When Listeria-infected mice were treated orally throughout the infection with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), a specific NO synthase inhibitor they showed no detectable rise in urinary nitrate excretion. Mean Listeria counts in the livers and spleens NMMA-treated mice were 1 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than counts in control mice on days 4 through 8 of infection. Compared with control mice, NMMA-treated mice also showed worse clinical signs of infection, namely, weight loss, hypothermia, decreased food and water intake, and decreased urine output. Histologically NMMA-treated mice had many more inflammatory foci in their livers and spleens than control mice. The histologic observation that mononuclear cells are present at sites of infection suggests that inhibiting NO production did not block the flux of macrophages into infected viscera. As controls for possible drug toxicity, a group of uninfected mice given NMMA orally showed no detrimental effects on weight, temperature, and food and water intake. These experiments demonstrate that inhibition of NO production in Listeria-infected mice results in an exacerbated infection and thus that NO synthesis is important for immune defense against Listeria infection in mice.
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PMID:Nitric oxide produced during murine listeriosis is protective. 750 15