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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transfemoral cannulation of renal vessels with the Seldinger technique has been used as well as routine angiography in the following urologic indications. 1. Hypothermic in situ perfusion of the kidney in difficult surgical procedures on the renal parenchyma, e.g., multiple stones, stag-horn calculi, benign and malignant tumors in solitary, residual or functionally residual kidneys. The advantages of this method are sufficient time for surgery, no contamination of blood and therefore excellent view by means of complete ischemia and good long-term results of the renal function. 2. Embolization of inoperable renal tumors to reduce tumor growth and control bleeding. The material used for embolization was a modified preparation of homogenized autologous muscle tissue. 3. Occlusion of the renal artery prior to tumor nephrectomy by a flow-guided balloon catheter in order to reduce the difficulty of the surgical produce, e.g., in massive carcinomatous infiltration of the hilus vessels. 4. Retrograde phlebography of the left internal spermatic vein in recurrent or persistent varicocele and in infertility with only insignificant or doubtful varicocele. The advantage compared with orthograde phlebography via plexus pampiniformis is the direct evidence that the venous reflux causes the varicocele. When the technique has been mastered transfemoral cannulation of the renal vessels can be used in routinely in the clinic Critical consideration of the indications, however, is necessary.
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PMID:[Transfemoral cannulation of the renal vessels. Diagnostic and therapeutic use in urology (author's transl)]. 84 52

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are prevalent illnesses affecting between 1% and 10% of adolescent and college age women. Developmental, family dynamic, and biologic factors are all important in the cause of this disorder. Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed when a person refuses to maintain his or her body weight over a minimal normal weight for age and height, such as 15% below that expected, has an intense fear of gaining weight, has a disturbed body image, and, in women, has primary or secondary amenorrhea. A diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is made when a person has recurrent episodes of binge eating, a feeling of lack of control over behavior during binges, regular use of self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, strict dieting, or vigorous exercise to prevent weight gain, a minimum of 2 binge episodes a week for at least 3 months, and persistent overconcern with body shape and weight. Patients with eating disorders are usually secretive and often come to the attention of physicians only at the insistence of others. Practitioners also should be alert for medical complications including hypothermia, edema, hypotension, bradycardia, infertility, and osteoporosis in patients with anorexia nervosa and fluid or electrolyte imbalance, hyperamylasemia, gastritis, esophagitis, gastric dilation, edema, dental erosion, swollen parotid glands, and gingivitis in patients with bulimia nervosa. Treatment involves combining individual, behavioral, group, and family therapy with, possibly, psychopharmaceuticals. Primary care professionals are frequently the first to evaluate these patients, and their encouragement and support may help patients accept treatment. The treatment proceeds most smoothly if the primary care physician and psychiatrist work collaboratively with clear and frequent communication.
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PMID:Eating disorders. A review and update. 147 50

Infertility because of testicular damage is a distressing problem for survivors of cancer chemotherapy. We have previously described a cytoprotective effect of temporary testicular circulatory isolation (TCI) during doxorubicin administration in the rat. In this report we define the relationship between duration of TCI and testicular ischemic injury, using paired groups of animals with normothermic TCI and hypothermic TCI. Sixty rats were used and received TCI for varying lengths of time up to 180 minutes, with or without hypothermia. On day 56 +/- 4, all rats were killed and necropsied. Testicular injury was evaluated qualitatively by histology and quantitatively by testicular weight, sperm head count, repopulation index, and epididymal index. Warm TCI for up to 60 minutes induced modest damage to germ cells, while injury was greater with cold TCI. Leydig cells and vascular tissues were essentially unaffected by TCI, although Sertoli cell abnormalities were noted in rats receiving a long duration of TCI.
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PMID:Tolerance of rat testis to graded periods of total circulatory isolation. 319 70

Six men with infertile marriages associated with poor semen and raised testicular temperature were treated by an experimental appliance which exploits evaporation to obtain normal testicular temperatures. This was worn with little discomfort for as long as 24 h a day and for periods as long as 20 weeks. Three wives became pregnant while their husbands were on treatment. Semen analysis at the time of the missed menses showed improvements in all three men. In two patients who did not achieve a pregnancy, semen improvements were also seen after 12 weeks. The improvements in semen quality cannot be attributed to any agency other than the hypothermia; this strengthens the theory that raised temperature plays a role in male infertility. Scrotal hypothermia seems to be a suitable treatment in men with varicocele, varicocelectomy failure, and idiopathic infertility where intrascrotal temperature is raised.
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PMID:Chronic scrotal hypothermia as a treatment for poor semen quality. 610 60

Chronic scrotal hypothermia to 25 patients with infertility and elevated testis temperature resulted in varying degrees of improvement over their pretreatment poor semen in 16/25. Pregnancy occurred in 6/25 "hard core" infertile couples (mean period of infertility 6.0 years) after wearing an evaporative scrotal cooling device for sixteen hours daily for a mean of 14.5 weeks. The offspring of such hypothermia-treated fathers appear to be normal. Varicocele, failed varicocelectomy, and "idiopathic infertility" are conditions suitable for such noninvasive hypothermic treatment. Discontinuance of hypothermia resulted in a return to pretreatment poor semen. Elevated temperature plays a role in poor semen.
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PMID:Further clinical experience with testis hypothermia for infertility due to poor semen. 709 Jan 14

Alan Parkes was one of the most influential figures in the field of reproductive biology in the twentieth century. He had a huge impact on its growth and development during that time, and the legacy of his work still remains.His research was highly innovative and original because of his imaginative and inquiring mind, which, coupled with an entrepreneurial bent, led him into several very different fields and into unchartered waters. He played a leading role in the spectacular rise of reproductive endocrinology in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s when the nature and activity of many of the reproductive processes in animals and humans and was an essential factor in the development of methods for their control. Even more pioneering was his research in low-temperature biology in the years after World War II. This was sparked off by the discovery that glycerol had a remarkable property of protecting spermatozoa against damage during freezing and storage at very low temperatures. Far-reaching applications arose from this discovery, especially in the preservation of bull semen, which led to a worldwide revolution in artificial insemination in cattle. Later, many other cells and tissues were also successfully frozen, including red blood cells, ovarian tissue and bone marrow, and a new branch of biological science, which became known as 'cryobiology', was born, Effects of deep hypothermia, including freezing, on whole animals were also investigated at that time. Having successfully launched a new area of science, it was characteristic of Alan Parkes to switch to new fields. First he became interested in the influence of pheromones on mammalian reproduction. Then, resuming a long-standing interest in comparative aspects of reproductive physiology in British wild mammals, he became involved in the work of the Nuffield Unit of Tropical Animal Ecology in Uganda, where similar studies were carried out on African animals. Even after retirement from the academic field, he was for some years a consultant to an enterprise in the conservation and captive breeding of green sea turtles in the Cayman Islands. In addition to his research, Alan Parkes was just as influential through the huge amount of work that he did for committees and other activities. Over the years he was on 35 different committees, study groups or advisory groups, and these were concerned with a wide variety of interests. He often served as chairman or secretary and had a great ability to take on a large amount of work and responsibility. He threw himself wholeheartedly into promoting the interests of reproductive biology and was a founding member of both the Society of Endocrinology and the Society for the Study of Fertility. He also played a leading role in the establishment and running of the Journal of Endocrinology and the Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Getting these journals established often required a considerable amount of financial acumen. One of his special concerns was a long-standing interest in demographic and population issues, which led to his working closely with the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the Family Planning Association. He saw the 'population explosion' as a growing threat to the environment and to human welfare, and he was an outstanding proponent of measures to effect population control. Sometimes this led him into controversial areas. He spoke strongly in support of women's right to abortion and questioned the morality of expensive measures to overcome infertility. Throughout his life he was a prolific and lucid writer and his many publications remain a lasting monument to his contribution to science. He entitled the first volume of his autobiography Off-beat biologist, which is perhaps a very apt description of this remarkable man.
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PMID:Sir Alan Sterling Parkes: 10 September 1900 - 17 July 1990. 1854 75

Low-temperature treatments (i.e., hypothermia) may be one way of regulating environmental radiation damage in living systems. With this in mind, hibernation under hypothermic conditions has been proposed as a useful approach for long-term human space flight. However, the underlying mechanisms of hypothermia-induced radioresistance are as yet undetermined, and the conventional risk assessment of radiation exposure during hibernation remains insufficient for estimating the effects of chronic exposure to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). To promote scientific discussions on the application of hibernation in space travel, this literature review provides an overview of the progress to date in the interdisciplinary research field of radiation biology and hypothermia and addresses possible issues related to hypothermic treatments as countermeasures against GCRs. At present, there are concerns about the potential effects of chronic radiation exposure on neurological disorders, carcinogenesis, ischemia heat failures, and infertility in astronauts; these require further study. These concerns may be resolved by comparing and integrating data gleaned from experimental and epidemiological studies.
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PMID:The Effect of Low Temperatures on Environmental Radiation Damage in Living Systems: Does Hypothermia Show Promise for Space Travel? 3288 91