Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 37-year-old unmarried man was admitted because of gait disturbance and right hemifacial atrophy. Family history was unremarkable. He had an unconscious attack at age 13 and had writer's cramp since age 15. He was thin and lipodystrophic. In reviewing his portraits, hemifacial atrophy was considered to develop in his early teens and to be progressive since then. Pigmented gum, high arched palate, mild mental retardation, pseudo-Argyll Robertson's pupil, sexual impotence, amyotrophy of the left thigh and the right calf, and a limp due to bony abnormalities was detected. Serological tests for syphilis were negative. Bone X-rays disclosed coxa-deformance. Cerebrospinal fluid. EMG, EEG, muscle biopsy and brain CT were normal. Hearing was decreased to 20-35 dB bilaterally. Plasma norepinephrine levels were 450 pg/ml in the supine position and 539 pg/ml in standing. Plasma renin activity was 5.1-5.4 ng/ml/hr. Microneurography revealed highly accentuated muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activities. Hypothermia on the feet, reduced CVR-R and decreased mydriatic response to 5% cocaine instillation were present. Intravenous infusion of norepinephrine and intradermal injection of either acetylcholine or histamine revealed normal results. In the case, sympathicotonia due to dysfunction in the central nervous system is considered to be related to the pathogenesis of hemifacial atrophy.
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PMID:[Progressive hemifacial atrophy with sympathetic nerve dysfunction of central origin]. 259 49

Evidence is reviewed linking clinical effects of ethanol with actions on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The studies reported include a series of investigations by the authors. Acutely, ethanol causes peripheral vasodilation and may also result in changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Ethanol may contribute to acute problems which may present clinically, including micturition syncope, accidental hypothermia and facial flushing. However, increased sympathetic nervous activity plays a role in causing hypertension and other symptoms during ethanol withdrawal in chronic alcoholics. Some chronic alcoholics may have neuropathy involving sympathetic nerves, and this can result in distal sweating loss and occasionally in orthostatic hypotension. Also, hypothalamic lesions associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy may result in hypothermia. Neuropathy involving parasympathetic nerves in not uncommon in alcoholics with other evidence of nervous system damage, but it is generally asymptomatic. Occasionally, vagal neuropathy may cause disorder of gastrointestinal motility, and neuropathy affecting the sacral innervation may be a factor in alcoholic impotence.
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PMID:The effects of acute and chronic ingestion of ethanol on the autonomic nervous system. 381 27

The incidence of urethral stricture has been surprisingly high following cardiovascular surgery in the last few years. We conducted a prospective study on 68 male patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery to determine the main factor(s) responsible for the development of urethral stricture. The penile-brachial pressure index was checked by strain gauge plethysmography. We found that urethral strictures developed in 15 patients (22 per cent) within an average of 3 months after cardiovascular surgery. Of these patients 13 had a penile-brachial index of 0.6 or less and complained of erectile impotence. A latex type of catheter was used in 11 and a silicone catheter in 4 of these 15 patients for urinary drainage. We conclude that urethral ischemia has an important role in the development of stricture, particularly when a latex urethral catheter is used for drainage. We recommend that a vascular penile study should be done in patients with erectile impotence undergoing an open heart operation, and that serious consideration should be given to the use of a cystocatheter diversion the night before the operation in those with a penile-brachial index less than 0.6. We strongly recommend the use of a silicone catheter in all other patients undergoing open heart surgery with hypothermia.
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PMID:Urethral stricture following cardiovascular surgery: role of urethral ischemia. 394 57

Radical prostatectomy is widely used to treat prostate cancer. Complications such as hemorrhage, hypothermia, impotence and pain can occur with this surgery. This case study discusses preoperative autologous blood donation as well as explains staging and grading systems used for prostate cancer. Fluid management also is reviewed. Postoperative treatment of the patient with cancer of the prostate is rapidly changing. Emphasis is placed on the follow up of and rationale behind treatment after surgery.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy: a case study. 770 59

The preliminary data on prostate cryosurgery encompass reports only on local recurrence rates. The procedure is too new to report any survival figures. For localized organ-confined disease, the initial reports at 1 year of positive biopsies following cryosurgery range from 8% to 33%. With clinical stage C disease, a review of the literature also shows a range of 16% to 33% for local recurrence at one year. The largest series of patients treated after failure from radiation therapy is from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, which reports a positive biopsy rate of 29% at 6 months. Reports of major complications have included a 2% to 5% incidence of rectourethral fistulas, a 7% to 15% incidence of urinary retention requiring a secondary TURP or prolonged catheter drainage, 2% to 7% incidence of stress incontinence, and a 50% to 80% incidence of impotence. While these overall results may not be optimal to many, they do give us optimism. It is important to recognize that knowledge of the cryosurgical technique is evolving rapidly, and present modifications are not reflected yet in our results. Because hypothermia is a modality proven to cause lethal injury to cancer cells, it would be unfortunate if clinicians dismissed this modality without rigorous review of the surgical technique. The detailed methodology described in this article expedites the learning curve of practicing cryosurgeons and helps to standardize the way cryosurgery is performed.
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PMID:Cryosurgery of the prostate: techniques and pitfalls. 867 33

Controlled tissue cooling, or hypothermia, has been used therapeutically for decades to mitigate the negative effects of traumatic, ischemic, and surgical insults. When applied systemically, moderate hypothermia can attenuate or prevent the extent of neurologic sequelae. Localized hypothermia, on the other hand, has the capacity to reduce tissue edema, suppress inflammation, and minimize the severity of peripheral nerve injury. Therapeutic hypothermia has been used in critical care, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, cardiothoracic surgery and most recently in urology. Nerve injury during radical pelvic surgery can result in urinary incontinence or retention, impotence and bowel dysfunction. Localized hypothermia during radical prostatectomy has demonstrated improved recovery of urinary continence and erectile function, and similar benefits might be observed in other types of radical pelvic surgery.
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PMID:Basis for the use of localized hypothermia during radical pelvic surgery. 2158 22