Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed a thermographic study to observe any possible interaction between the esophageal acid perfusion and the temperature changes of skin surface in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Twenty-seven patients with GERD were categorized as group I(globus symptoms with posterior laryngitis) and group II (heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms). Patients and 6 healthy volunteers underwent Bernstein test (BT) and digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) simultaneously. The positive rate for BT in group I and group II was 22.2% and 55.6%, respectively, and the DITI positive rate was 55.6% for group I and 50.0% for group II. None of healthy control were positive in BT or DITI. All subjects with DITI positive were hypothermic. The overall accordance rate between DITI and BT was 69.7%. All group I patients showed a diffuse type, while in group 11, 4 patients showed diffuse type and 5 patients showed localized type (p<0.05). In patients with DITI (+)/BT (-), 83.3% showed diffuse type, whereas equal numbers of diffuse and localized type were noted in patients with DITI (+)/BT (+). In conclusion, add contact with a sensitive mucosa leads to an activation of the sympathetic nervous system in some patients with GERD, inducing skin surface hypothermia.
 ...
PMID:Digital infrared thermographic imaging in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. 968 8

Cerebral palsy is the result of an injury to the developing brain during the antenatal, perinatal or postnatal period. Clinical manifestations relate to the area affected. Some of the conditions associated with cerebral palsy require surgical intervention. Problems during the peri-operative period may include hypothermia, nausea and vomiting and muscle spasm. Peri-operative seizure control, respiratory function and gastro-oesophageal reflux also require consideration. Intellectual disability is common and, in those affected, may range from mild to severe. These children should be handled with sensitivity as communication disorders and sensory deficits may mask mild or normal intellect. They should be accompanied by their carers at induction and in the recovery room as they usually know how best to communicate with them. Postoperative pain management and the prevention of muscle spasm is important and some of the drugs used in the management of spasm such as baclofen and botulinum toxin are discussed. Epidural analgesia is particularly valuable when major orthopaedic procedures are performed.
 ...
PMID:Anaesthesia and pain management in cerebral palsy. 1079 81

The improved survival of neonates with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula reflects the advancement in neonatal care and anaesthesia over the years. Chick embryo studies have given new insights in the embryopathy of esophageal atresia. It is now apparent that the various types of esophageal atresia could be explained due to selective discrepancy in the growth of the 3 folds in the region of tracheo-esophageal separation. The early disturbances in organogenesis which result in esophageal atresia also lead to other associated anomalies, the incidence of which varies from 40 to 55%. These anomalies have an important bearing on the survival outcome. The physiological aspects of esophageal atresia such as esophageal dysmotility and gastro-esophageal reflux are also vital in the long term and proper treatment of the associated defects. The criteria for an ideal esophageal substitute in long gap esophageal atresia have been determined and several options are now available with good results, such as: gastric transposition, colon, gastric tube and small intestine. IN developing countries, however, a high mortality is still attributed to late referrals, low birth weight, hypothermia and chest infection.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula: a review. 1079 38

An omphalocele, a ventral defect of the umbilical ring resulting in herniation of the abdominal viscera, is one of the most common congenital abdominal wall defects seen in the newborn. Omphaloceles occur in 1 in 3000 to 10,000 live births. Associated malformations such as chromosomal, cardiac, or genitourinary abnormalities are common. Postnatal management includes protection of the herniated viscera, maintenance of fluids and electrolytes, prevention of hypothermia, gastric decompression, prevention of sepsis, and maintenance of cardiorespiratory stability. A primary or staged closure approach may be used to repair the defect. Some giant omphaloceles require a skin flap or nonoperative management approach, hoxvever. Immediate postoperative complications, usually related to significant changes in intra-abdominal pressures, include compromise of interior venous blood return and hemodynamic and respiratory instability due to diaphragmaric elevation. Complications occur more frequently with giant defects. Potential short-term complications include necrotizing enterocolitis, prolonged ileus, and respiratory distress. Long-term complications include parenteral nutrition dependence, gastroesophageal reflux, parenteral nutrition-related liver disease, feeding intolerance, and neurodevelopmental delay. Overall, advances in surgical therapies and nursing care have improved outcomes for infants with omphaloceles; survival rates for those with isolated omphaloceles are reported at 75 to 95 percent. Infants with associated anomalies and giant omphaloceles have the poorest outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Caring for the newborn with an omphalocele. 1698 31

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nonprogressive, motor impairment patterns due to an insult to the developing encephalon. Clinical manifestations vary by the specific motor deformity, anatomically affected region, and location of the brain injury. Spasticity is common, resulting in skeletal muscle weakness and loss of fine motor control. Spasticity in a child undergoing skeletal maturation may precipitate joint contractures and dislocation. Long-term medical care is interventional. The therapeutic goals are to increase the person's independence and improve the caretaker's ability to provide daily care. Early medical intervention to control spasticity and prevent contractures may reduce the need for future orthopedic surgical intervention. Centrally acting, tone-reducing medications may decrease spasticity but cause central nervous system side effects. Orthopedic surgical procedures may be necessary to remedy the chronic effects of increased tone on the muscles and bones of the extremities and spine. Anesthetic care of children and adolescents with CP is increasing. Thorough preoperative assessment facilitates preparation of an intraoperative care plan. Intellectual disability may attend CP and limit the person's ability to participate in preoperative preparation. Perioperative complications include hypothermia, intravascular depletion, muscle spasm, limb contracture, and seizure control. Gastroesophageal reflux and poor respiratory function might complicate anesthetic management.
 ...
PMID:Update for nurse anesthetists--part 6--Perioperative care of patients with cerebral palsy. 1730 86

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects >10% of the Western population. Conventionally, GERD is treated by reducing gastric acid secretion, which is effective in most patients but inadequate in a significant minority. We describe a new therapeutic approach for GERD, based on inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) with a proposed peripherally acting GABA(B) receptor agonist, (R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)phosphinic acid (AZD3355). AZD3355 potently stimulated recombinant human GABA(B) receptors and inhibited TLESR in dogs, with a biphasic dose-response curve. In mice, AZD3355 produced considerably less central side effects than the prototypical GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen but evoked hypothermia at very high doses (blocked by a GABA(B) receptor antagonist and absent in GABA(B)-/- mice). AZD3355 and baclofen differed markedly in their distribution in rat brain; AZD3355, but not baclofen, was concentrated in circumventricular organs as a result of active uptake (shown by avid intracellular sequestration) and related to binding of AZD3355 to native GABA transporters in rat cerebrocortical membranes. AZD3355 was also shown to be transported by all four recombinant human GABA transporters. AR-H061719 [(R/S)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl)phosphinic acid], (the racemate of AZD3355) inhibited the response of ferret mechanoreceptors to gastric distension, further supporting its peripheral site of action on TLESR. In summary, AZD3355 probably inhibits TLESR through stimulation of peripheral GABA(B) receptors and may offer a potential new approach to treatment of GERD.
 ...
PMID:(R)-(3-amino-2-fluoropropyl) phosphinic acid (AZD3355), a novel GABAB receptor agonist, inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation through a peripheral mode of action. 1964 70

We report anesthetic management of a 6-month-old boy with Menkes disease who underwent three surgeries for vesicoureteral reflux, rupture of the bladder diverticulum, inguinal hernia, and gastroesophageal reflux. Menkes disease is a rare sex-linked disorder of copper absorption and metabolism. Anesthetic management of such patients is rather challenging because of high incidence of seizures, gastroesophageal reflux with the risk of aspiration, hypothermia, airway and vascular complications. In our patient general anesthesia was uneventfully maintained by sevoflurane combined with intravenous remifentanil and fentanyl. We experienced no major complications except some difficulties with intravenous and arterial cannulation. It was especially difficult to establish intravenous and invasive blood pressure lines because of tortuous blood vessels in this patient. We conclude that in patients with Menkes disease scheduled for surgery intravenous access should be established before the induction of general anesthesia. The necessity of invasive blood pressure monitoring should be also carefully considered beforehand.
 ...
PMID:[Anesthetic management of Menkes disease infant with difficult vascular access]. 2096 Sep 3