Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigates the results of pretreatment with five prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitors on effects of morphine on body temperature, pupillary diameter, body movement and production of exophthalmos in rat. Hyperthermia, induced by a low dose of morphine, was inhibited in animals pretreated with any of the PG synthetase inhibitors. However, PG synthetase inhibitors had no clear effect on hypothermia induced by higher doses of morphine. The duration of morphine-induced catalepsy was attenuated by pretreatment with the PG synthetase inhibitors in a dose-related manner. The exophthalmos induced by all doses of morphine was either shortened in duration or inhibited by sulindac, paracetamol or ibuprofen. Morphine-induced mydriasis was either attenuated or inhibited by paracetamol, ibuprofen or meclofenamic acid. The results suggest that endogenous PGs play a role in morphine-induced hyperthermia, catalepsy, exophthalmos and mydriasis whereas a physiological role for PGs in morphine-induced hypothermia was not indicated.
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PMID:Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on non-analgesic actions of morphine. 640 56

The effects of morphine on body temperature have been shown to be altered by restraint. The purpose of this study was to determine how the type of restraint alters body temperature measurements and whether restraint alters the effects of morphine on body temperature by interfering with the ability of the rats to adjust their posture. The thermic effects of 5 doses of morphine (3.8 to 45 mg/kg) were compared in two types of restraint and confinement to a 13 X 20 X 20 cm pan without restraint. In unrestrained rats, morphine caused predominantly hyperthermia, but with restraint morphine caused hyperthermia at low doses and hypothermia at higher doses. Morphine hypothermia was greater in rats restrained in a wire-mesh restrainer which prevented heat and humidity build-up than in the commonly used plastic restrainer. In the unrestrained rats, morphine treatment was associated with a posture characterized by exophthalmos, immobility, a hunched position and increased muscle tone. Restrained rats could not assume a compact posture. These results suggest that restraint alters the thermic effect of morphine mainly by interfering with postural mechanisms which reduce heat loss.
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PMID:Restraint alters the thermic response to morphine by postural interference. 686 55

Although injectable anesthetics are still widely used in laboratory rodents, scientific data concerning pain and distress during and after stereotactic surgery are rare. However, optimal anesthesia protocols have a high impact on the quality of the derived data. We therefore investigated the suitability of recommended injectable anesthesia with a traditionally used monoanesthesia for stereotactic surgery in view of optimization and refinement in rats. The influence of the recommended complete reversal anesthesia (MMF; 0.15mg/kg medetomidine, 2mg/kg midazolam, 0.005mg/kg fentanyl; i.m.) with or without reversal and of chloral hydrate (430mg/kg, 3.6%, i.p.) on various physiological, biochemical and behavioral parameters (before, during, after surgery) was analyzed. Isoflurane was also included in stress parameter analysis. In all groups, depth of anesthesia was sufficient for stereotactic surgery with no animal losses. MMF caused transient exophthalmos, myositis at the injection site and increased early postoperative pain scores. Reversal induced agitation, restlessness and hypothermia. Even the low concentrated chloral hydrate led to peritonitis and multifocal liver necrosis, corresponding to increased stress hormone levels and loss in body weight. Increased stress response was also exerted by isoflurane anesthesia. Pronounced systemic toxicity of chloral hydrate strongly questions its further use in rodent anesthesia. In view of undesired effects of MMF and isoflurane, thorough consideration of anesthesia protocols for particular research projects is indispensable. Reversal should be restricted to emergency situations. Our data support further refinement of the current protocols and the importance of sham operated controls.
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PMID:Towards optimized anesthesia protocols for stereotactic surgery in rats: Analgesic, stress and general health effects of injectable anesthetics. A comparison of a recommended complete reversal anesthesia with traditional chloral hydrate monoanesthesia. 2706 88