Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare disease characterized by the persistence of thromboemboli obstructing the pulmonary arteries as an organized tissue. The consequence is an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and progressive right heart failure. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is the treatment of choice of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is performed under hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. This procedure is associated with a low mortality rate in experienced centers and results in a dramatic improvement of hemodynamic parameters, functional status and survival rate. This surgery should be performed as early as possible in the history of this disease, preferentially before development of arteriolitis in the non obstructed territories. Because of the absence of clinically evident acute pulmonary embolism history in >50% of patients, the diagnosis of CTEPH can be difficult. Lung scintigraphic scan showing segmentary mismatched perfusion defects is the best diagnostic tool to detect CTEPH. Pulmonary angiography and high-resolution computerized tomography scan are required to establish the diagnosis and to assess the operability. A diagnostic right heart catheterization is required to confirm the diagnosis of PH and to determine the degree of hemodynamic impairment. If there is a good correlation between the pulmonary vascular resistance and the anatomical obstruction, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy should be proposed. Pulmonary or cardiopulmonary transplantation is indicated in this setting only when the lesions are too distal and thus inaccessible to endarterectomy.
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PMID:[Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy]. 2081 54

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a rare but underdiagnosed disease. The development of imaging played a crucial role for the screening and the decision of operability over the past few years. Indeed, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is the only type of pulmonary hypertension with a potential curative treatment: pulmonary endarterectomy. It is a complexe surgical procedure performed under cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The aim of the procedure is to completely remove the scar tissue inside the pulmonary arteries down to the segmental and sub-segmental levels. Compared to lung transplantation, which carries a postoperative mortality of 15-20% and a 5-year survival of 50%, pulmonary endarterectomy is a curative treatment with a postoperative mortality of less than 3%. However, lung transplantation remains an option for young patients with inoperable distal disease or after pulmonary endarterectomy failure. Considering that medical history of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism is lacking in 25 to 50%, the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension remains challenging. The lung V/Q scan is useful for the diagnosis showing ventilation and perfusion mismatches. Lesions located at the level of the pulmonary artery, the lobar or segmental arteries may be accessible to surgical removal. The pulmonary angiogram with the lateral view and the pulmonary CT scan help to determine the level of the intravascular lesions. If there is a correlation between the vascular obstruction assessed by imaging and the pulmonary resistance, pulmonary endarterectomy carries a postoperative mortality of less than 3% and has a high rate of success. If the surgery is performed at a later stage of the disease, pulmonary arteriolitis developed mainly in unobstructed territories and participated in the elevated vascular resistance. At this stage, postoperative risk is higher.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]. 2515 8