Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020672 (hypothermia)
 17,327 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Natural PGF administered at a dose of at least 250 micrograms/kg twice daily subcutaneously for at least 4 days starting no earlier than day 5 of cytologic diestrus induces luteolysis and pregnancy termination in the mated bitch. The resulting shortening of the luteal phase is associated with a shortening of the interestrous interval from 1 to 4 months. Bitches treated with PGF show emesis, diarrhea, and panting within 5 minutes and transient hypothermia which lasts 2 to 3 hours but generally have no further reaction. Bitches with cardiac or respiratory dysfunctions are not considered safe patients for early pregnancy termination with PGF because of the cardiovascular effects of this drug. Bitches treated with this regime early in diestrus resorb their conceptuses; those treated after days 35 to 40 show clinical abortion of viable fetuses.
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PMID:Use of prostaglandin F2 alpha for early pregnancy termination in the mismated bitch. 185 44

The reproductive toxicity of a single oral dose/mouse (15-50 mg/kg) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in the early phase of pregnancy (day 2-8) was investigated. Male mice used in this study were untreated. A limited number of pregnant mice were treated with 66 mg/kg ergonovine maleate (po, sc) to compare its effect with that of an equivalent dose of CPA (50 mg/kg). Among control sperm-positive mice treated with po NaHCO3 solution, 97.5% were gravid on necropsy day (pregnancy day 12). A single dose of CPA (15-50 mg/kg, po) given on days 2 to 8, decreased the pregnancy rates significantly. In groups treated with a single dose of CPA on pregnancy day 4 to 8, vaginal hemorrhage was observed 1 to 7 days after treatment, and it usually resulted in termination of pregnancy (abortion). Fetal resorption rates were higher than the control rate only in the groups treated with 30 mg/kg CPA po on day 4 or 8. CPA decreased body weight gains and the weights of uteri with fetuses. The ovary weights were generally not changed. Ergonovine maleate (66 mg/kg, sc, po) had no significant effect on all of the parameters examined. The estrous cycle returned without any delay in sperm-positive mice in which nidation of fertilized eggs had been inhibited by CPA, and also in nonpregnant mice (used for the LD50 determination) surviving near lethal doses of CPA (50-70 mg/kg, po). The oral LD50 value for CPA in nonpregnant mice was 64 +/- 4.4 mg/kg, and the toxicity signs were ptosis, hypokinesia, hypothermia, action tremor, cessation of food and water intake and resulting cachexia. The duration and intensity of these toxic signs were dose dependent.
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PMID:Toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid in the early phase of pregnancy in mice. 357 73

Beagle bitches were treated on days 20-22 of pregnancy with TPT as an aqueous solution administered subcutaneously via a minipump at a rate of 10 micrograms per hour for either 24 (I) or 48 hours (II). Additional animals received a single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms of TPT as an aqueous solution (III) or dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (IV) or the methyl ester of TPT dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (V). The duration of action was assessed by the nadir in circulating progesterone levels. By this criterion the duration of action in the different groups ranked I=III<II=IV<V, the nadir occurring at 2, 3 and 3-4 days post treatment, respectively. Duration of action correlated with the incidence of abortion. Salivation, emesis and diarrhea or hypothermia side effects, previously noted for this agent, were not affected by the manipulations of duration of action.
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PMID:Manipulation of duration of action of a synthetic prostaglandin analogue (TPT) assessed in the pregnant beagle bitch. 741 48

The use of human embryonic brain tissue for Transplantation has to be orientated in the need of protection for the embryo or fetus. Tissue derived from an abortion can only be used when a connection between the abortion and the application is excluded. The decision for an abortion should not be influenced by a possible usage of the tissue, as is stated in the guidelines of the german medical council for the use of fetal cells and tissue as well as in the guidelines from NECTAR. Criteria for death include brain death and cardiovascular arrest. If brain death can not be ascertained, one has to relay on the irreversible absence of spontaneous breathing and heart beat (after the exclusion of reversible factors like hypothermia or drugs). Authorization for the use of fetal tissue is given by the mother or the parents, their consent is a prerequisite for the use of fetal tissue.
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PMID:[Legal aspects of neurotransplantation]. 857 3

Thirty-nine Yucatan miniature swine were used in three fetal surgical experimental protocols. They involved antiarrhythmic administration, pacemaker implantation, and in-utero diagnosis of ventricular septal defect by intraoperative echocardiography. Because of problems encountered with surgical protocols in the initial stages, modifications were made to prevent fetal hypothermia and intraoperative mortality. These modifications included environmental temperature support, staple surgical techniques to reduce operative time, and development of fetal catheters designed to facilitate cannulation of small vessels. Postoperative care protocols were intensive and included antibiotics, analgesics, and supportive care designed to reduce discomfort and prevent abortion and sepsis. Thirty-seven of 39 sows survived the surgical procedures; experiments were performed on 117 fetuses. Twenty-two fetuses died either intraoperatively or postoperatively because of complications related to the experimental protocols. Modification of surgical and postsurgical protocols for these projects demonstrates the feasibility of using miniature swine as a model for fetal surgery, when their use was appropriate for anatomic and physiologic reasons.
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PMID:Fetal surgical protocols in Yucatan miniature swine. 869 29

A 25-year-old with a history of childhood rheumatic fever and resultant mild aortic insufficiency presented for routine prenatal care during her sixth pregnancy. At 14 weeks' gestation; a significant diastolic murmur was identified. Further evaluation revealed a massively dilated, aneurysmal aortic root, moderate to severe aortic insufficiency, and mild left ventricular hypertrophy. Because of the risk of sudden aneurysm rupture and the high mortality associated with this lesion, the patient was advised to undergo therapeutic abortion and aortic valve replacement with arch repair. The patient refused abortion but desired repair during pregnancy in spite of the increased fetal risk. At 17 weeks' gestation, aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic aneurysm excision were performed under pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass and mild hypothermia. The patient's postoperative course and pregnancy proceeded uneventfully except for one episode of postpericardiotomy syndrome. A healthy, full-term male infant was delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery. The carefully coordinated combination of obstetric and cardiovascular anesthesia contributed to this successful outcome for mother and child. The principles for fetal preservation and anesthetic considerations for pregnant women undergoing open heart surgery are reviewed.
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PMID:Aortic valve repair and arch replacement during pregnancy: a case report. 909 96

The self-inflicted wounding of a 23-year-old woman who introduced needles through the abdominal wall to induce abortion is reported. The woman first came to hospital with metrorrhagia and pain in the right iliac fossa. Initially she refused treatment and went home. Twenty-two hours later she was admitted to hospital after giving birth at home to a male fetus of 610 g. The placenta was expelled in the hospital and a sewing needle was found. Lateral and anteroposterior radiographs revealed 15 such needles in the hypogastric region, most of them at subcutaneous level. The newborn was admitted to the intensive care unit in a generally poor condition, with hypothermia, cyanosis and bradycardia. An X-ray showed a metallic object in the abdominal region which, again, corresponded to a sewing needle. The newborn did not respond to treatment and died 2h after admission.
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PMID:A case of self-inflicted wounding by the introduction of needles through the abdominal wall to induce abortion. 1217 94

Young people are our human capital for the future, therefore child and adolescent health has attracted considerable political and professional attention in recent years. Health is indivisible, requires holistic approach throughout the individual's life. Healthy outcome at one point in the life cycle, provides a positive determinant for health elsewhere in the cycle. Health and development of the 0-19 age group links intimately, at both ends of the range, with reproductive health. Health during childhood is in part determined by the health of the mother, and affected also by factors such as the nutrition of adolescent girls and the avoidance of early pregnancy. These factors, in turn, are influenced by healthy growth and development in childhood. The paper presents main environmental and socio-cultural challenges for each of the stages of child and adolescent life. Main challenge described are: unsafe abortion, malnutrition, anaemia, malformations, and infections during pregnancy; low birth weight, asphyxia, hypothermia, infection, failure to initiate early and full breastfeeding in the neonatal period; poor nutrition, growth and development, frequent illnesses, injury, abuse and neglect in the early childhood; poor nutrition, growth and development, injury, abuse, neglect, and helminth infections in the early school age; poor nutrition, poor development, chronic conditions, mental disorders, injury, drug abuse, and violence in the adolescence. Both, prevention of ill health and care for illnesses are important at all times but the balance between them shifts over time during the childhood and adolescence. Main actions needed to meet the child and adolescent needs are presented as well.
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PMID:Life cycle approach to child and adolescent health. 1550 17

To induce luteal regression-related abortion/delivery and treat pyometra in dogs, various PGF2alpha-analogues (PGAs) are administered, but a PGA most appropriate for clinical application in dogs, with a low incidence of side effects, is being investigated. In this study, we compared the effects of etiproston tromethamine (PGA-E), which has not been investigated in dogs, with those of cloprostenol (PGA-C), which is routinely used in dogs. A single dose of PGA-E at 100, 200, 400 or 800 microg or PGA-C at 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 microg was administered to beagles (n=5 per group) 25 days after ovulation, when the corpus luteum was in the functional phase. We compared the state of luteal regression by measuring plasma progesterone levels. As side effects, the incidences of salivation, vomiting, tachypnea, diarrhea and the drop in body temperature were investigated. In the 400-microg and 800-microg groups treated with PGA-E, the mean intervals from administration until luteal regression were 18.6 days and 31.2 days, respectively. In the dogs treated with 50 microg or more of PGA-C, luteal regression was noted 2 days after administration. The above side effects were observed for 3 hr after administration of PGA-E/PGA-C. In the dogs treated with 800 microg of PGA-E, the mean body temperature was 36.7 degrees C 4 hr after administration; hypothermia persisted. PGA-E may be less useful than PGA-C for promoting luteal regression in dogs in clinical application.
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PMID:Influence of a PGF2alpha-analogue, etiproston tromethamine, on the functional corpus luteum of dogs. 1569 86

Alan Parkes was one of the most influential figures in the field of reproductive biology in the twentieth century. He had a huge impact on its growth and development during that time, and the legacy of his work still remains.His research was highly innovative and original because of his imaginative and inquiring mind, which, coupled with an entrepreneurial bent, led him into several very different fields and into unchartered waters. He played a leading role in the spectacular rise of reproductive endocrinology in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s when the nature and activity of many of the reproductive processes in animals and humans and was an essential factor in the development of methods for their control. Even more pioneering was his research in low-temperature biology in the years after World War II. This was sparked off by the discovery that glycerol had a remarkable property of protecting spermatozoa against damage during freezing and storage at very low temperatures. Far-reaching applications arose from this discovery, especially in the preservation of bull semen, which led to a worldwide revolution in artificial insemination in cattle. Later, many other cells and tissues were also successfully frozen, including red blood cells, ovarian tissue and bone marrow, and a new branch of biological science, which became known as 'cryobiology', was born, Effects of deep hypothermia, including freezing, on whole animals were also investigated at that time. Having successfully launched a new area of science, it was characteristic of Alan Parkes to switch to new fields. First he became interested in the influence of pheromones on mammalian reproduction. Then, resuming a long-standing interest in comparative aspects of reproductive physiology in British wild mammals, he became involved in the work of the Nuffield Unit of Tropical Animal Ecology in Uganda, where similar studies were carried out on African animals. Even after retirement from the academic field, he was for some years a consultant to an enterprise in the conservation and captive breeding of green sea turtles in the Cayman Islands. In addition to his research, Alan Parkes was just as influential through the huge amount of work that he did for committees and other activities. Over the years he was on 35 different committees, study groups or advisory groups, and these were concerned with a wide variety of interests. He often served as chairman or secretary and had a great ability to take on a large amount of work and responsibility. He threw himself wholeheartedly into promoting the interests of reproductive biology and was a founding member of both the Society of Endocrinology and the Society for the Study of Fertility. He also played a leading role in the establishment and running of the Journal of Endocrinology and the Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Getting these journals established often required a considerable amount of financial acumen. One of his special concerns was a long-standing interest in demographic and population issues, which led to his working closely with the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the Family Planning Association. He saw the 'population explosion' as a growing threat to the environment and to human welfare, and he was an outstanding proponent of measures to effect population control. Sometimes this led him into controversial areas. He spoke strongly in support of women's right to abortion and questioned the morality of expensive measures to overcome infertility. Throughout his life he was a prolific and lucid writer and his many publications remain a lasting monument to his contribution to science. He entitled the first volume of his autobiography Off-beat biologist, which is perhaps a very apt description of this remarkable man.
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PMID:Sir Alan Sterling Parkes: 10 September 1900 - 17 July 1990. 1854 75


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