Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies indicate that a peptide enteral formula significantly attenuates the intestinal water and albumin loss in volume-expanded rats with acute hypoproteinemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative abilities of the fat, carbohydrate, and protein components of the peptide enteral formula to stimulate water absorption and attenuate albumin turnover in intact jejunal segments during hypoproteinemia induced by intravenous infusion of Tyrode's solution (2.5 ml/min/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Radio iodinated albumin movement from blood to lumen was used to estimate mucosal albumin clearance. Net transmucosal water was measured using a volume recovery method. When compared to luminal perfusion with Tyrode's solution (control animals), protein (as a protein hydrolysate) or protein combined with fat significantly enhanced fluid absorption (P less than 0.05) before and during volume expansion. This did not occur with carbohydrates or when carbohydrate was combined with the protein hydrolysate. However, the hypoproteinemia-induced increase in mucosal albumin clearance was significantly (P less than 0.05) attenuated by all solutions containing the carbohydrate component of the diet. These findings indicate that the protein component of the enteral formula is responsible for the enhanced net transmucosal water movement in hypoproteinemic animals. However, the carbohydrate component is largely responsible for the decrease in intestinal albumin clearance.
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PMID:Hypoproteinemia-induced mucosal albumin leakage. Influence of luminal nutrients. 249 88

Previous studies have confirmed the improved tolerance of a peptide enteral compared to standard enteral alimentation in hypoalbuminemic, critically ill patients. Animal studies, including hypoproteinemic, volume-expanded rats, demonstrated that the protein hydrolysate of a peptide enteral formula was responsible for the enhanced absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the composition of small MW peptides (protein hydrolysate) in two commercially available peptide enteral formulas would affect the rate of intestinal absorption and albumin clearance in intact jejunal loops before and during hypoproteinemia induced by iv infusion of Tyrode's solution in Sprague-Dawley rats. Net transmucosal water movement was calculated using a volume recovery method; albumin clearance was calculated using iv radiolabeled albumin. We studied three groups of animals during luminal perfusion with either Tyrode's solution, diet A containing 21% peptides, or diet B containing 56% peptides. When compared to luminal perfusion with Tyrode's solution (control animals), both diets significantly enhanced net transmucosal water absorption before volume expansion (p less than .05). With the induction of hypoproteinemia, diet B continued to stimulate water absorption when compared to control animals (p less than .01). Luminal perfusion with diet A failed to attenuate net water secretion induced by hypoproteinemia. Capillary and mucosal albumin clearance was similar for all groups studied. These findings suggest the percentage of small MW peptides may affect the rate of intestinal absorption in patients with acute kwashiorkor-like hypoalbuminemia.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption of peptide enteral formulas in hypoproteinemic (volume expanded) rats: a paired analysis. 250 Mar

We studied the effect of a nonprotein colloid solution--namely low molecular weight dextran (LMWD)--on edema formation in burned and nonburned soft tissue and lung. Adult sheep with lung and bilateral flank lymph fistulas were given a unilateral 25% to 30% full-thickness burn under ketamine anesthesia and followed for 72 hours. Resuscitation (24-hour period) was performed with lactated Ringer solution (LR) (n = 9) or 10% LMWD in saline (n = 8) to restore baseline vascular pressures and cardiac output. Interstitial edema and microvascular protein permeability were monitored by lymph flow (QL) and lymph to plasma protein ratio, respectively. With LR, QL values in nonburned skin and lung were increased twofold to threefold in the first 24 hours, while with LMWD, values remained at baseline. The nonburn edema with LR was due to the burn-induced hypoproteinemia state. The prevention of this process with LMWD was due to the generation of a twofold to threefold increase in the plasma to interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (COP) gradient. Burn QL was increased fivefold in both groups despite a higher COP gradient with LMWD. Net fluid requirements for the first 24 hours were 75 and 35 ml/kg for animals treated with LR and LMWD, respectively. After cessation of dextran administration in the second 24 hours, the COP gradients for the two groups were equal but QL in nonburned skin and net fluid requirements now increased significantly in the LMWD group. The development of nonburn edema was believed to be due to the persistent hypoproteinemic state. We conclude that edema formation in nonburned tissues, which is due to hypoproteinemia, accounts for a substantial amount of the net fluid requirements after thermal injury. This process can be prevented by infusion of a nonprotein colloid as long as the COP gradient is increased. Edema in burned tissue appears to be unaffected by changes in COP.
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PMID:Effect of nonprotein colloid on postburn edema formation in soft tissues and lung. 620 Sep 46