Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased urinary excretion of albumin and other serum proteins, accompanied by hypoproteinemia and edema formation. Nephrotic patients have lower serum albumin concentrations than do patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis when albumin and protein losses are the same in both groups, suggesting that nephrotic patients may not maximally adapt to loss of protein. The fractional rate of albumin catabolism is increased in nephrotic patients, possibly as a result of increased albumin catabolism by the kidney, but the absolute albumin catabolic rate is decreased in nephrotic patients. The rate of albumin synthesis may be increased, but not sufficiently to maintain normal serum albumin concentration or albumin pools. Augmentation of dietary protein in nephrotic rats directly stimulates albumin synthesis by increasing albumin mRNA content in the liver, but also causes an increase in glomerular permeability to macromolecules so that much if not all of the excess albumin synthesized is lost in the urine. When dietary protein is restricted, the rate of albumin synthesis is not increased either in nephrotic patients or in rats, despite severe hypoalbuminemia. Although dietary protein supplementation may lead to positive nitrogen balance, dietary protein supplementation alone does not cause an increase in serum albumin concentration or body albumin pools, and may instead cause further albumin pool depletion because of changes induced in glomerular permselectivity. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may blunt the increased albuminuria caused by dietary protein supplementation and allow albumin stores to be increased.
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PMID:Albumin metabolism in the nephrotic syndrome: the effect of dietary protein intake. 305 80

Malnutrition is observed in 60 p. cent of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. It is characterized by weight loss, hypoproteinemia, and a negative nitrogen balance. It is due to multiple causes. This malnutrition increases the risk of disturbances in the immune system, susceptibility to infection, and postoperative complications. Re-nutrition by standard methods of feeding often is inadequate or impractical. Use of artificial nutrition is often made necessary either by enteral or parenteral route. A controlled study of parenteral nutrition did not make it possible to correct weight loss and protein deficiency in these patients. Laboratory tolerability, except for increased BUN was always excellent. Enteral nutrition, easier to administer, which appears less dangerous and more natural, has not demonstrated its efficacy either.
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PMID:[Artificial nutrition and alcoholic cirrhosis]. 314 3

Oedema fluid was collected from the leg through a sterile 21 gauge needle inserted into the subcutaneous space in 12 patients with protein energy malnutrition, 12 with nephrosis, 5 with Indian childhood cirrhosis, 4 with acute nephritis, 4 with epidemic dropsy and 3 with congestive heart failure. The concentrations of protein, free amino acids and electrolytes were measured in plasma and oedema fluid. The plasma/oedema fluid ratios were 36:1, 49:1, 32:1 and 52:1 in protein energy malnutrition, nephrosis, Indian childhood cirrhosis and congestive heart failure. These ratios were significantly smaller in epidemic dropsy (4:1) and acute nephritis (21:1). The free alpha amino nitrogen concentrations in these two compartments were almost in equilibrium. This was also found for essential and non-essential amino acid distributions in protein energy malnutrition and nephrosis, whereas differences in amino acid patterns were found in nephritis and epidemic dropsy. Sodium and potassium concentrations varied substantially between diseases where the underlying cause was gross hypoproteinemia compared to non-hypoproteinemic conditions.
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PMID:Oedema fluid composition in childhood disorders. 641 20

Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 6 Holstein cows that were examined because of chronic intractable diarrhea. Besides diarrhea, the chief finding was a nephrotic-like syndrome, in that there was edema, hypoproteinemia, and proteinuria. Other consistent clinicopathologic abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia, low-normal serum calcium content or hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, prolonged bromosulphalein half time, high serum urea nitrogen concentration, high serum creatinine concentration, and low urine specific gravity. Foci of inflammation including traumatic reticuloperitonitis, traumatic pericarditis, salpingitis, mastitis, and metritis were found. There was histologic evidence of amyloid in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen. The iodine-sulfuric acid test for amyloid was positive in 2 cows. The Congo red dye test for amyloid was positive in 2 other cows. In spite of supportive care, all the cows either died naturally or were euthanatized. Because foci of inflammation were found in each cow, it was concluded that the most likely classification of amyloidosis in these cases would be reactive systemic amyloidosis and that the major amyloid fibril protein would be type AA.
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PMID:Amyloidosis in six dairy cows. 651 26

In a group of 18 infants with birth weights of 1,500 gm or less, either preterm transitional or mature human milk was given during the time of initial hospitalization. Half of the infants were given protein supplement isolated from mature human milk which increased the protein content of the ingested milk by 0.8 gm/dl. The protein intake of these infants was increased by 0.6 to 1.6 gm/kg/day between two and 12 weeks after birth. The infants in the unsupplemented group developed hypoproteinemia at 8 to 12 weeks of age whereas those who received protein supplementation did not. We conclude that the hypoproteinemia resulted from nutritional lack of protein and did not represent a physiologic phenomenon of preterm development. There was no difference in the growth of the two groups. There was no evidence of any imbalance in amino acid metabolism even though there were significant correlations between individual protein intakes and plasma concentrations of tyrosine and phenylalanine. Protein intake of more than 3 gm/kg/day resulted in a mean serum urea nitrogen concentration of more than 15 mg/dl at 2 weeks of age, indicating that excessive protein intake should be avoided soon after birth.
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PMID:Human milk protein supplementation for the prevention of hypoproteinemia without metabolic imbalance in breast milk-fed, very low-birth-weight infants. 709 22

This clinical investigation was carried out in order to determine whether the 10-12 hr food and fluid restrictions imposed before elective operations have detrimental effects on older patients according to various metabolic parameters. Thirty male urological patients aged between 60 and 90 years were chosen for study (group I 60-70 years, group II 70-80 years, group III 89-90 years). The following parameters were measured at 7 p.m. the evening before the operation, and at 7. a.m. on the morning of operation: body weight, hematocrit, blood-gas analysis, electrolytes, serum osmolality, urea, creatinine, total protein with electrophoresis and blood glucose. Urine was collected during the period of abstinence and osmolality, electrolytes, total nitrogen, creatinine and urea were estimated. All patients showed a reduced creatinine clearance to a degree that was expected for their age. In all three groups a significant weight reduction (p less than 0,001) occurred during the time of observation. The 12 hr urine volume increased from one age group to the next whereas perspiration decreased, indicating deficient thermal regulations in older patients. The hypohydration on the morning of operation, especially in group II and III, marked a relatively lower hematocrit and hypoproteinemia. In all three groups the urea and creatinine values were slightly lower in the morning than in the evening before, indicating the occurrence of further hypohydration due to fasting. The low elimination of total nitrogen, urea, and creatinine in the urine could be an indication that the 12 hr food and fluid restriction caused no marked catabolism. Our study shows that geriatric patients are indeed able to compensate for a 12 hr-period of abstinence. When however, these patients also have to undergo an operation, possibly associated with a considerable loss of body fluids or when restriction of oral intake extends to 16-20 hrs, decompensation may rapidly occur leading to deleterious consequences.
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PMID:[The effect of preoperative food and fluid restrictions on various metabolic parameters in geriatric patients]. 730 24

Assays were made of blood serum proteins, final nitrogen products of urine and faeces in 115 patients with colonic cancer and in 19 patients with polyposis. The nitrogen balance was studied in 59 rectal cancer patients prior to and after the operation. In a group of patients with the malignant tumor the endogenic protein hyperexcretion was found as well as a reduced serum proteins level and an associated dependence of hypoproteinemia on the degree of their loss with faeces. A negative nitrogen balance was noted in patients with cancer. Surgical intervention, purulent infection may aggravate this condition. The radical treatment of colonic cancer results in a gradual normalization of nitrogen-protein metabolism.
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PMID:[Causes of a nitrogen balance disorder in patients with cancer of the large intestine]. 743 79

Magnesium lithospermate B, a compound newly isolated from Dan Shen, was given orally to rats for 70 days after excision of five-sixths of their kidney volume. As a result, mesangial proliferation, tubulo-interstitial lesions and glomerular sclerotic lesions, which were conspicuous in rats that were not given magnesium lithospermate B after nephrectomy, were inhibited. Furthermore, a decrease in blood urea nitrogen, improvement of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesteremia, and inhibition of urinary protein excretion were observed. The levels of creatinine, methylguanidine and guanidino-succinic acid, which accumulate in the blood with the progress of renal failure, were decreased significantly in rats given magnesium lithospermate B. These results indicate that magnesium lithospermate B, a component of an Oriental medicine has potential as a new therapeutic agent for inhibiting the progression of renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Effects of a Dan Shen component, magnesium lithospermate B, in nephrectomized rats. 775 1

It is well known that serum IGF-I concentrations are regulated endocrinologically since IGF-I has a growth-promoting action as a mediator of growth hormone. However, recent reports suggest that nutritional states influence serum IGF-I concentration because IGF-I shows anabolic effects like insulin. The aim of this study was to clarify the influences of maternal nutritional states or metabolism on the IGF-I concentrations in normal and abnormal pregnancy. In normal pregnant women, a significant positive correlation was indicated between serum IGF-I concentrations and maternal weight gain during pregnancy or serum triglyceride levels, and a significant negative correlation was observed between serum IGF-I concentrations and serum total protein levels. In the cases complicated with hyperemesis or hyperthyroidism during early gestation, a marked reduction of maternal body weight was observed, and serum IGF-I concentration was extremely low compared with that in normal pregnant women, but serum IGF-I levels gradually increased as the maternal body weight recovered after treatment by intravenous hyperalimentation or an anti-thyroid drug. In cases of severe toxemia of pregnancy, maternal weight gain and serum triglyceride levels were markedly increased, but serum IGF-I levels were significantly lower compared with those in normal pregnant women in the same gestational age. In severe toxemia of pregnancy, there was no significant correlation between serum IGF-I levels and maternal weight gain or serum triglyceride levels, and these results may be influenced by such abnormalities as water retention, hemoconcentration, severe hypoproteinemia and severe negative nitrogen balance not found in normal pregnancy. In conclusion, it is considered that IGF-I concentration is regulated not only by endocrinological factors, but also by metabolic factors in maternal circulation during pregnancy, and the measurement of maternal IGF-I concentration seems to be a useful parameter to evaluate the maternal nutritional states.
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PMID:[Maternal nutritional states and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in normal and abnormal pregnancy]. 795 9

Seven related Bernese Mountain Dogs developed a syndrome Characterized by progressive cerebellar and hepatic disease. Clinically, stiffness in the hind limbs, mild incoordination, and a slight head tremor were first noticeable when pups were 4 to 6 weeks old. The condition progressed, causing pups to assume a wide-based stance. Other signs included head bobbing, spontaneous nystagmus, and, finally, paresis. Hematologic findings included leukocytosis with a left shift; normocytic, normochromic anemia; hypoproteinemia, low serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations; excessive fasting plasma ammonia concentration; and an increase in concentration of serum bile acids. Portal venography performed on 1 dog revealed a small liver and extensive extrahepatic varicosities. Necropsy revealed cerebellar hypoplasia, nodular liver, extensive abdominal varicosities, and ascites. Histologically, degeneration and depletion of Purkinje's cells and vacuolation, degeneration, and nodular regeneration of hepatic tissues were evident. Preliminary analysis of the pedigree was suggestive of an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
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PMID:Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical features of a syndrome in Bernese mountain dogs characterized by hepatocerebellar degeneration. 863 71


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