Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Critically ill or injured patients often have impaired cardiovascular function. Since low ionized calcium levels can cause such changes, serum calcium and urine calcium were measured in a prospective study involving 28 criticially ill or injured patients and 16 normal controls. Serum protein levels were also measured to calculate "corrected" total calcium levels. Ionized calcium levels are difficult to measure. Since ionic hypocalcemia is thought to increase the "nephrogenous production" of cyclic AMP, cyclic AMP levels were measured in the blood and urine of these patients and the "nephrogenous" cyclic AMP calculated from the creatinine clearance. The mean total serum calcium in these patients was 7.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (S.D.). This was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than our controls (9.6 +/- 0.6). When corrected for hypoproteinemia, the mean serum calcium (8.7 +/- 0.8) was still significantly lower (p less than 0.005) than control (9.4 +/- 0.5). The mean urine calcium excretion in the patients (56 +/- 66 mg/100 ml G.F.R.) was lower, but not significantly so, than in the controls (84 +/- 44 mg/100 ml G.F.R.). The "apparent nephrogenous" cyclic AMP in the study group was 2,731 +/1 1,451 pm/ml/100 ml G.F.R. The nephrogenous cyclic AMP had a negative correlation (r =-0.45) with "corrected" total calcium levels. Thus "total," "corrected" total, and "ionized" calcium levels appear to be reduced in the majority of critically ill or injured patients studied. The clinical implications of these findings and the potential value of serial cyclic AMP determinations in blood and urine will be discussed.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia and nephrogenous cyclic AMP production in critically ill or injured patients. 19 52

The benefits of parenteral feeding need no longer be emphasised. However, qualitative and quantitative food supplements raise a certain number of difficulties which should be better known. Infection is the most frequent complication. It may be avoided by strict aseptic precautions throughout parenteral feeding. Hypoglycemia is a major risk owing to the possible consequence. Hyperglycemia and its consequence of osmotic polyuria is more frequent and should be controlled to avoid loss of water and salt. Complications due to the use of lipid emulsions are exceptional when soya oil is used. Hypophosphoremia should be corrected by increasing phosphate intake. Hypocalcemia is common; it is often associated with hypoproteinemia and sometime a low calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency or a sudden increase in phosphate intake. Vitamin deficiencies, hypomagnesemia, and oligo-element deficiencies should be correcty by appropriate supplements.
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PMID:[Parenteral feeding. Prevention of complications in adults during exclusive mid-term parenteral feeding]. 19 99

Pancreatitis was induced in fifteen immature pigs while five additional pigs underwent sham laparotomy. Animals with pancreatitis were separated into three groups of five each with respect to fluids administered after pancreatitis was induced. Each pig in group A and the control group received normal saline, 300 ml/hour for 8 hours. Pigs in group B received pig plasma at 150 ml/hour plus normal saline at 150 ml/hour for 8 hours. Pigs in group C received pig plasma at 50 ml/hour plus normal saline at 50 ml/hour for 24 hours. Values for serum hematocrit total protein, and total calcium, were measured preoperatively and 4, 8, and 24 hours postoperatively. Control animals and group B animals experienced no change in any parameter. Group A, animals sustained transient severe hemoconcentration, permanent severe hypoproteinemia, and hypocalcemia. Group C animals displayed a transient moderate hemoconcentration and a moderate but sustained decrease in calcium concentration. It is concuded that the hypocalcemia occurring during experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis is directly related to the early hypovolemia and can be prevented by preventing the hypovolemia.
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PMID:Prevention of hypocalcemia by administration of homologous plasma during experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the pig. 83 78

Human serum albumin is used to treat hypoproteinemia in neonates or used as a volume expander. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of human serum albumin to neonatal serum decreases the serum ionized calcium (iCa) concentration. Concentrated human serum albumin was added to 12 placental and cord serum samples to reach seven incremental concentrations from 0 to 20.0 g/L. Serum iCa concentration decreased significantly with the addition of serum albumin. From multiple regression analysis, the effect of albumin addition on serum iCa concentration had more marked effects at high baseline albumin or low baseline Ca concentrations. From this in vitro study, we speculate that fast infusion of albumin in human neonates has the potential for acutely lowering serum iCa concentration.
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PMID:Effects of albumin on ionized calcium in vitro. 187 3

Cantharidin toxicosis in horses has become an increasing problem in certain regions of the United States. Toxicosis occurs when horses ingest alfalfa hay or products that are contaminated with "blister" beetles. Clinical signs may vary from depression to severe shock and death, depending upon the amount of toxin ingested. The most frequently observed signs include varying degrees of abdominal pain, anorexia, depression, and signs suggestive of oral irritation. Many horses make frequent attempts to void urine. Less commonly observed signs include synchronous diaphragmatic flutter and erosions of the oral mucosal surfaces. Clinical laboratory abnormalities suggestive of cantharidin toxicosis include persistent hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, development of hypoproteinemia, microscopic hematuria, and mild azotemia with inappropriate urine specific gravity. Chemical analysis for cantharidin is accomplished by evaluation of urine or stomach contents. Treatment of cantharidin toxicosis is symptomatic, but must include removal of toxin source. Gastrointestinal protectants, laxative, intravenous fluids, analgesics, diuretics, calcium gluconate, and magnesium are all included in the treatment regimen. Early and vigorous therapy is imperative if it is to be successful. In horses that remain alive for several days, persistence of elevated heart and respiratory rates and increasing serum creatine kinase concentration are associated with a deteriorating condition. Prevention is aimed at timely harvesting of alfalfa hay. Hay fields should be inspected for the presence of beetle clusters before harvesting. Involved areas of the field should not be harvested.
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PMID:Cantharidin toxicosis in horses. 268 72

One group has reported hypocalcemic individuals in families affected with familial benign hypercalcemia (FBH), suggesting either that FBH is merely an extreme of normality or that hypocalcemia is independently inherited in that kindred. To test these hypotheses, we examined the distributions of serum total calcium (Ca) values in 260 normal adults and 171 adult individuals in 21 FBH kindreds. We excluded from analysis the 21 adult probands, leaving 85 apparently affected persons (Ca, greater than 10.1 mg/dL or greater than 2.52 mmol/L) and 65 apparently unaffected individuals (Ca, less than or equal to 10.1 mg/dL or less than or equal to 2.52 mmol/L). Five FBH family members were hypocalcemic (less than 8.9 mg/dL or less than 2.22 mmol/L); of these, 3 had hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia, 1 had surgical hypoparathyroidism, and 1 was pregnant (and thus excluded from further analysis). Histogram analysis suggested a bimodal distribution of Ca in the FBH families, and familial serum Ca levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001, rank sum). When only apparently unaffected family members were compared with normal individuals with serum Ca of 10.1 mg/dL or 2.52 mmol/L or less, the distributions were virtually identical. Our results indicate that hypocalcemia in members of families with FBH is of sporadic nongenetic origin. Furthermore, FBH is not an extreme of the normal distribution, but, instead, a clear disturbance with its own distribution about a supranormal mean serum calcium value.
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PMID:Distribution of serum calcium values in patients with familial benign hypercalcemia (hypocalciuric hypercalcemia): evidence for a discrete genetic defect. 366 74

Today pediatricians are confronted with an increasing number of unconventional feeding practices. Most frequently encountered are the various forms of vegetarian diets. These as well as numerous other unconventional foods may result in a failure to thrive when fed to children routinely. Since in general it is not possible to influence the families' eating practices, physicians should know the risks of unconventional diets, such as hypoproteinemia, calcium deficiency and deficiencies of vitamin B12 and vitamin D and the respective clinical symptoms. Predominantly young people decide to change their life-style, unconventional eating practices being part of it.
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PMID:[Sociocultural aspects of child nutrition--food faddism]. 374 35

Hypocalcemia was found in 122 (1.6%) of the patients attending a large oncological center. In 10% of the cases, hypocalcemia was caused by hypoparathyroidism and/or uremia, in 12% it was related to a major infection. Osteoblastic metastases were responsible in 4% of the cases and in 74% hypocalcemia accompanied an impairment of the general condition due to the malignancy or its treatment, usually in the terminal stage of the disease. The most common cause of hypocalcemia in this group of patients seemed to be hypoproteinemia. Correction of serum calcium for variations in serum albumin concentration, however, indicated that a small proportion had a decreased ionized calcium value as well, the mechanism of which remained obscure. The hypocalcemia was usually relatively mild, especially after correction for albumin variations. Tetanic symptoms were not seen. Hypocalcemia thus seems to be a fairly common complication of malignant disease, the clinical relevance of which, however, appears to be relatively small in most cases.
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PMID:A hospital survey of hypocalcemia in patients with malignant disease. 377 91

Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 6 Holstein cows that were examined because of chronic intractable diarrhea. Besides diarrhea, the chief finding was a nephrotic-like syndrome, in that there was edema, hypoproteinemia, and proteinuria. Other consistent clinicopathologic abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia, low-normal serum calcium content or hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, prolonged bromosulphalein half time, high serum urea nitrogen concentration, high serum creatinine concentration, and low urine specific gravity. Foci of inflammation including traumatic reticuloperitonitis, traumatic pericarditis, salpingitis, mastitis, and metritis were found. There was histologic evidence of amyloid in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen. The iodine-sulfuric acid test for amyloid was positive in 2 cows. The Congo red dye test for amyloid was positive in 2 other cows. In spite of supportive care, all the cows either died naturally or were euthanatized. Because foci of inflammation were found in each cow, it was concluded that the most likely classification of amyloidosis in these cases would be reactive systemic amyloidosis and that the major amyloid fibril protein would be type AA.
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PMID:Amyloidosis in six dairy cows. 651 26

Changes in calcium levels during and after resuscitation from severe shock were studied in 22 seriously injured patients who received an average of 21 blood transfusions and 26 mEq supplemental calcium. Total serum proteins (TSP), serum albumin (SA), total calcium (TC), and ionized calcium (CA++), were studied intraoperatively after the tenth transfusion and postoperatively at 5 hours, 15 hours, day 2, day 4, and during convalescence (day 25). The intraoperative TSP fell to 3.7 gm%; the TC and Ca++ fell to 7.2 mg% and 1.4 mEq/L. The TSP and SA remained low throughout day 4 (4.8 and 2.6 gm%); the TC was also low on day 4 (7.5 mg%), whereas the Ca++ rose to normal (2.1 mEq/L) by day 2. The severity of hypocalcemia paralleled the hypoproteinemia, the number of transfusions given during resuscitation, and the duration of shock; paradoxically, hypocalcemia correlated inversely with Ca++ supplementation of blood transfusions during resuscitation, suggesting increased extravascular Ca++ flux with more severe shock. Further studies in comparably injured patients are needed to identify the concomitant responses of the calcium homeostatic factors such as parathormone in order to help identify the optimal role of calcium manipulation during resuscitation from hypovolemic shock.
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PMID:Significance of hypocalcemia following hypovolemic shock. 686 39


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