Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0020639 (
hypoproteinemia
)
1,134
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The dose dependency of germanium dioxide(
GeO2
)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated experimentally in rat groups orally treated with high (150 mg/kg/day), moderate (75 mg/kg/day), or low (37.5 mg/kg/day) doses of
GeO2
, and in an untreated group. Renal dysfunction, indicated by the increase of blood urea nitrogen and the decrease of creatinine clearance, and systemic toxicity by weight loss, anemia, and
hypoproteinemia
were more apparent in rats treated with higher dose of
GeO2
. Urinalysis including daily urinary protein excretion did not reveal any abnormalities in any of the groups. Urinary excretion and renal-tissue content of Ge were significantly elevated in the group of the higher dose of
GeO2
. Light microscopically, vacuolar degeneration and depositions of granules positive for periodic acid-Schiff in distal tubules were predominant in the higher-dose group of
GeO2
. The present study demonstrates that
GeO2
-induced nephrotoxicity develops dose dependently.
...
PMID:Dose dependency of germanium-dioxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 201 77
Germanium (Ge; atomic number 32, atomic weight 72.6) belongs to IVb group of the Periodic Table and is found as a trace metal in soil, rocks, plants, and animals. It is widely used in industry because of its semiconductive nature. Some biological activities have been shown in Ge derivatives. Recently, patients with persistent renal damage after chronic ingestion of germanium dioxide (
GeO2
)-containing compounds have been reported in Japan. This study aimed to investigate subacute nephrotoxicity of
GeO2
in Lewis male rats. The rats were treated orally with
GeO2
for 13 weeks (
GeO2
group) and were compared with those treated with
GeO2
for only the first 4 weeks (
GeO2
-4-week group) and with untreated controls. Renal dysfunction was demonstrated by the increased serum creatinine, BUN, and serum phosphate and decreased creatinine clearance. Liver dysfunction was observed as demonstrated by the increased GOT and GPT, and
hypoproteinemia
by the decreased total protein and albumin in the
GeO2
group. However, daily urinary protein excretion or urinalysis did not differ among the groups. Kidney weight and Ge content of tissues were significantly elevated in the
GeO2
group. With the light microscope, vacuoles and the depositions of PAS-stained particles, which correspond to electron-microscopic dense granules in the swollen mitochondria, were predominantly observed in distal tubular epithelium in the
GeO2
group. Even in the
GeO2
-4-week group of rats, serum creatinine was increased and the above-mentioned histological abnormalities were observed, but were less intense.
...
PMID:Subacute nephrotoxicity of germanium dioxide in the experimental animal. 233 May 93
