Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human serum albumin is used to treat hypoproteinemia in neonates or used as a volume expander. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of human serum albumin to neonatal serum decreases the serum ionized calcium (iCa) concentration. Concentrated human serum albumin was added to 12 placental and cord serum samples to reach seven incremental concentrations from 0 to 20.0 g/L. Serum iCa concentration decreased significantly with the addition of serum albumin. From multiple regression analysis, the effect of albumin addition on serum iCa concentration had more marked effects at high baseline albumin or low baseline Ca concentrations. From this in vitro study, we speculate that fast infusion of albumin in human neonates has the potential for acutely lowering serum iCa concentration.
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PMID:Effects of albumin on ionized calcium in vitro. 187 3

In Japan, as in the United States and several other advanced countries, the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and albumin has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. Especially in Japan the increase has been at least tenfold, and half of this usage has been for surgery. Most reviews of albumin usage acknowledge that there is a high ratio of wastage, or use in clinical circumstances without a firm scientific basis. Recently Japan has imported an enormous volume of various plasma fraction products such as albumin, Factor VIII etc., or plasma as raw material from foreign countries, especially the United States. As a result, Japan has come to monopolized a quarter of the albumin manufactured in the world, and has therefore received much internal and external criticism from or ethical standpoint. As countermeasures against shortage of these blood products, it will be necessary for doctors to use these blood products more sparingly and to increase the yield of volunteer donor's blood, especially plasma. More red blood cell concentrate should be utilized for hemorrhage in routine surgical operations. Because whole blood transfusion is rarely used except in cases of massive bleeding that cannot be stopped immediately, exchange transfusion has been performed in the United States and European countries recently. Transfusion of FFP is appropriately used only for replacement of coagulation factor deficiencies, massive transfusion etc. in the United States. It should be particularly noted that these carry the risk of transmission of diseases such as hepatitis and possibly AIDS. Albumin is an effective oncotic agent in the treatment of acute shock and in the maintenance of intravascular volume and cardiac output. However, albumin and FFP have no demonstrable effect in the general supportive management of chronic hypoproteinemia and undernutrition.
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PMID:[Recent circumstances in the supply and demand of various blood products in Japan, and appropriate use of blood components or plasma protein derivatives]. 377 47

Human albumin is the most important oncotic-active protein (1 g albumin attaches 18 g water). It is essential for the water exchange between intra- and extracellular space and for homeostasis. The physiological distribution of albumin, its daily exchange and degradation are being discussed. At the example of normo- and hypovolaemic patients and acute blood-loss the stabilising effect on the blood-volume and the hemodynamic efficacy of human albumin are shown. Human albumin was infused into patients with hypoproteinemia and hypovolaemia as well as to surgical patients with normovolaemia. Volunteers received albumin after an acute blood-loss. Under and after the albumin-infusion the albumin disappeared partly from the blood-stream. The loss to the extravascular compartments was greatest among patients with hypoproteinemia. Among volunteers with experimental blood-loss the infused volume disappeared in an amount of 45 to 106 ml per hour. When human albumin is given over a longer period the synthesis of endogenous albumin and of globulins may be inhibited or at least depressed. Albumin has a positive effect on the hemodynamic. The cardiac-output and the stroke volume increased. The peripheral resistance fell in the same time. Renal filtration rate and the urine volume increased, in contrast renal resistance was lowered.
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PMID:Physiological aspects of the role of human albumin in the treatment of chronic and acute blood loss. 727 68

Drug binding to protein is known to be altered in renal disease. Explanations include hypoproteinemia, competitive or noncompetitive inhibition, and basic functional defects in the binding protein. Albumin, the primary binding protein for phenytoin (DPH), was isolated from the plasma of patients with severe renal failure as well as from normal controls. DPH binding was not different between the albumin preparations isolated from the two sources, although some differences were detected in the apparent affinity constant and the number of binding sites. It would appear that the significant defect in DPH binding in renal disease cannot be attributed to a basic functional defect in the drug-binding protein albumin.
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PMID:Phenytoin binding to partially purified albumin in renal disease. 746 Apr 84

The effect of decreased colloid oncotic pressure, as seen in hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, upon intestinal function has been well delineated in the surgical literature. Patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm resection or aortoiliac or aortofemoral bypass grafts are almost uniformly hypoalbuminemic postoperatively; with these two facts in mind, a prospective, randomized clinical study was undertaken to identify the role of serum albumin concentration on the length of postoperative ileus in this population. The main hypothesis was that patients whose albumin levels dropped below 3.5 gm/dL would have a more prolonged postoperative hospital course as a result of delay in return of bowel function when compared with those patients in whom the low albumin levels were exogenously acutely replenished to > 3.5 gm/dL. Albumin was replaced to a level greater-than or equal to 3.5 g/dL in one group of 37 patients (AR), with a control group of 32 patients (NR) not receiving any albumin. Return of bowel function was measured by the postoperative day that flatus was documented, as well as the postoperative day oral intake was resumed. Mean values were determined for each group, and t tests did not reveal a significant difference in postoperative day of flatus (AR mean = 4.06 days, NR mean = 4.16 days) or postoperative day of oral intake (AR mean = 4.0, NR mean = 3.75). Additional comparisons between the groups involving the number of postoperative days until a regular diet was begun (AR mean = 6.06, NR mean = 5.48) and length of postoperative hospital stay (AR mean = 9.16, NR mean = 8.43) failed to reveal significant differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oncotic pressure, albumin and ileus: the effect of albumin replacement on postoperative ileus. 823

Serum and urinary proteins from rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Analysis was made on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 30 after PAN injection. Data were compared with control rats (C). Rats developed proteinuria on days 4-30 and hypoproteinemia on days 4-16. Total protein concentration in serum and urine was similar on day 6. SDS-PAGE revealed that urinary albumin augmented on days 4-30 and serum albumin decreased markedly on days 4-20. Albumin concentration in serum and urine was similar on days 4-16. In addition, the study examined serum changes of 7 other proteins (designed as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) which appeared or increased in urine, and whose molecular weights were higher (A, B, and C) or lower (D, E, F, and G) than that of albumin. In serum, protein A remained unchanged; protein B and G increased; proteins C, D, E, and F decreased. The qualitative pattern of urinary proteins remained essentially unchanged on days 4-30. During the intense proteinuria, the serum concentrations of protein B and albumin were similar and the urine concentrations of proteins C and D became comparable to that found in serum. These 7 serum proteins did not show the same behavior although all of them were excreted in urine. These data indicate that in PAN-nephrotic rats: (a) urinary proteins can be of low and high molecular weight, (b) serum proteins can be regulated independently of their urinary excretion and molecular weight, (c) the urine concentration of total protein and some specific proteins can reach values similar to that found in serum during the intense hypoproteinemia, and (d) the qualitative pattern of urinary proteins was unrelated to the magnitude of proteinuria.
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PMID:Time course analysis of serum and urinary proteins by SDS-PAGE in experimental nephrotic syndrome. 872 56

Acute adrenal insufficiency has been demonstrated in a number of patients with shock. This study was designed to evaluate the rate of occult adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill trauma population and to determine the impact of hypoproteinemia on the use of random cortisol levels as a marker for adrenal insufficiency. Forty-four patients were prospectively enrolled on admission to the trauma intensive care unit, with three excluded, for a total n of 41. Random total serum cortisol and albumin levels were drawn on hospital Days 1, 4, 8, and 14. Occult adrenal insufficiency was defined as a cortisol less than 25 mcg/dL in the setting of an albumin greater than 2.5 g/dL. The prevalence of cortisol less than 25 mcg/dL ranged from 51 to 81 per cent during the study period, and peaked on Days 4 and 8. Albumin 2.5 g/dL or less ranged from 37 to 60 per cent, and this prevalence also peaked on Days 4 and 8. The patients with a low albumin had a high prevalence of low cortisol, ranging from 67 to 100 per cent. The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency, with low cortisol and normal albumin, ranged from 41 to 82 per cent during the study period. None of our patients with occult adrenal insufficiency were treated with steroids, which was a decision made by the treating physicians. Among the patients with occult adrenal insufficiency, survival was 100 per cent. Occult adrenal insufficiency is common in critically ill trauma patients, and is a dynamic entity that can be acquired and even resolved during critical illness. Random cortisol of 25 mcg/dL may actually not be an adequate marker of occult adrenal insufficiency. Low albumin predicts a low cortisol. Hemodynamically stable occult adrenal insufficiency should not be treated with steroid replacement in the critically ill trauma patient, as survival in our series was 100 per cent without replacement.
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PMID:Adrenal insufficiency in the critically III trauma population. 1671 87

A male patient with chronic bloody stool was diagnosed as juvenile polyposis at the age of 28. He had thirty to forty colonic polyps and some were removed endoscopically, while gastric polyps were too numerous to intervene. As the polyposis advanced gradually, the patient developed intractable anemia and serious hypoproteinemia. Albumin scintigram revealed protein losing gastropathy due to progressive gastric polyposis. Total gastrectomy was carried out at the age of 34 and the patient has achieved remarkable and sustainable improvement.
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PMID:Juvenile polyposis complicated with protein losing gastropathy. 1925 57

In this paper, we have explored metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of the Human serum albumin indicators: Albumin Blue 580, Merocyanine 540 and Bromophenol Blue in close proximity to silver nano-particles, SiFs, from both buffered and clinical samples. The photostability of the Albumin Blue 580 is shown to be much more prolonged from the SiFs as compared to glass (a control sample), potentially allowing for longer detection times to further improve assay statistics. Our findings suggest the widespread use of nanoparticulate SiFs surfaces for the enhanced detection of HSA, particularly for Hypoproteinemia, where an enhanced assay performance at low protein abundance is required.
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PMID:Highly sensitive quantitation of human serum albumin in clinical samples for hypoproteinemia using metal-enhanced fluorescence. 2305

Human serum albumin (HSA) is an ideal natural colloid that has been widely used in clinical practice for supplemental albumin or as a plasma substitute during therapeutic plasma exchanges to redress hypoproteinemia. However, a paucity of well-designed clinical trials, a lack of a clear cut survival benefit, and frequent case reports of adverse drug reaction (ADR) make the use of HSA controversial. This study aims to review and to comment on the reported ADRs of HSA in the People's Republic of China, so as to provide the basis for rational HSA use in clinical settings. Data on the ADR case reports from HSA administration between January 1990 and December 2012 available from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Wanfang data (WF), and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) were reviewed. The reasons for using HSA, the types of ADRs, the causality of ADRs and the rationality for HSA administration were extracted and analyzed. In total, 61 cases of ADR reports were identified of which the primary disease of patients using HSA was malignant tumor (34.42%). The primary ADR was anaphylaxis (59.02%). Of the 61 cases, 30 were caused by irrational use of HSA. The most common irrational use was off-label use (56.67%), followed by inappropriate infusion rate. Therefore, we conclude that to avoid the occurrence of ADRs, guidelines for using HSA are needed to guarantee its rational use and HSA should be used strictly according to these guidelines. In addition, medical staff, including clinical pharmacists and nurses, should pay more attention to the patients who inject HSA to ensure its safe use in the clinic.
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PMID:Review of the rational use and adverse reactions to human serum albumin in the People's Republic of China. 2434 23


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