Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Protein-losing enteropathy secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed in a 1 1/2 -year-old female Doberman Pinscher. Poor growth rate, intermittent diarrhea, ascites, edema, hypoproteinemia, grossly dilated intestinal lymphatics, and impaired fat absorption characterized the disease. There was histopathologic evidence of dilatation of lacteals and excessive chromium (51Cr)-labeled human albumin in the feces following its intravenous administration. Sixteen weeks of a special diet (high in carbohydrates and medium-chain triglycerides; low in long-chain triglycerides) led to remission of clinical signs. Serum albumin increased over its initial value of 1.09 to 1.7 g/dl, while serum globulin increased from 1.71 to 1.9 g/dl. Following 9 months of dietary therapy, serum albumin increased to 2.1 g/dl and serum globulin increased to 2.6 g/dl.
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PMID:Protein-losing enteropathy secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia in a dog. 68 69

High dietary protein intake, in the past recommended for nephrotic syndrome, does not improve hypoproteinemia and may accelerate progressive renal damage. In contrast, low-protein diets reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function in experimental renal models of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, 20 steroid-resistant, nephrotic patients were treated with a pure vegetarian, low-protein diet, supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (supplemented vegan diet, SVD) for 4.6 +/- 3.1 months. Before the study, these patients followed an unrestricted protein, low-sodium diet (LSD). Proteinuria, daily urea nitrogen excretion and creatinine clearance decreased significantly on SVD. A similar lowering effect of SVD was observed on serum total cholesterol. Seven of the 20 patients changed from LSD to SVD and vice-versa on 3 occasions, and in all cases, we found an increase of proteinuria during the LSD period. Serum albumin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and anthropometric measurements did not change on SVD. Our data suggest that SVD exerts a favorable effect on proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia in nephrotic patients, without inducing clinical or laboratory signs of malnutrition.
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PMID:A special, supplemented 'vegan' diet for nephrotic patients. 180 35

Because the reduced plasma oncotic pressure from hypoproteinemia causes hyperlipidemia, serum albumin levels should be maintained during low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis. The amount of albumin loss was evaluated in seven patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during LDL apheresis in which columns packed with dextran sulfate-cellulose beads were used as a selective adsorbent of LDL. Serum albumin level significantly decreased from 4.3 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SD) g/dl to 3.6 +/- 0.2 g/dl. The albumin loss was assessed by two different methods: 1) radioimmunoassay of microalbumin content in the discarded fluid, and 2) measurement of changes in plasma albumin reserve. The albumin losses during one apheresis session were 3.7 +/- 2.9 g and 8.3 +/- 5.7 g, respectively, depending upon which of two different methods was used. There was a significant correlation between these two methods (r = 0.84, p less than 0.02). The amount of albumin loss during apheresis was estimated to be between 4.1% and 9.1% of total plasma albumin reserve, and more than half of the decreased serum albumin level appeared to be attributable to dilution due to the electrolyte solution used for priming of the extracorporeal circuit.
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PMID:Evaluation of albumin loss during low-density lipoprotein apheresis. 226 88

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of nephrotic syndrome (NS) on the pharmacodynamics of a barbiturate. NS was induced in male rats by puromycin aminonucleoside; it caused hypoproteinemia, increased liver and kidney weight and elevated serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations. Serum albumin concentration decreased from 3.5% in controls to 0.90% in NS animals. The rats were infused i.v. with heptabarbital, 1 mg/min, until they lost their righting reflex. The total dose (mean +/- S.D.) required by rats with NS, 40.2 +/- 4.2 mg/kg, was substantially lower than that required by normal animals (68.6 +/- 6.2 mg/kg, P less than .001). Serum protein binding of heptabarbital was reduced from 49% in controls to 26% in NS rats. However, the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the pharmacologic endpoint was not significantly different in controls and NS rats (18.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 18.3 +/- 1.4 mg/l). Serum, CSF and the brain contained appreciable concentrations of a metabolite of heptabarbital. To determine if the metabolite contributes to the pharmacologic effect of the parent drug, rats received an i.v. injection of 46, 60 or 100 mg/kg of heptabarbital. Concentrations of heptabarbital in CSF at return of righting reflex (which occurred after 15, 25 and 50 min, respectively) were independent of dose whereas metabolite concentrations increased with increasing dose. Thus, the metabolite of heptabarbital in male rats is pharmacologically inactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXIX. Effect of experimental nephrotic syndrome on the pharmacodynamics of heptabarbital: implications of severe hypoalbuminemia. 256 85

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic which has caused numerous deaths worldwide. The present study investigated the roles of hypoproteinemia in the clinical outcome and liver dysfunction of COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective study, we extracted data from 2,623 clinically confirmed adult COVID-19 patients (>18 years old) between January 29, 2020 and March 6, 2020 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into three groups-non-critically ill, critically ill, and death groups-in accordance with the Chinese Clinical Guideline for COVID-19. Serum albumin, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured and compared among these three groups. The median age of these 2,623 patients was 64 years old (interquartile range (IQR), 52-71). Among the patients enrolled in the study, 2,008 (76.6%) were diagnosed as non-critically ill and 615 (23.4%) were critically ill patients, including 383 (14.6%) critically ill survivors and 232 (8.8%) critically ill deaths in the hospital. Marked hypoalbuminemia occurred in 38.2%, 71.2%, and 82.4% patients in non-critically ill, critically ill, and death groups, respectively, on admission and 45.9%, 77.7%, and 95.6% of these three groups, respectively, during hospitalization. We also discovered that serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL levels were significantly lower in critically ill and death groups compared to non-critically ill group. Meanwhile, the patients displayed dramatically elevated levels of serum inflammatory factors, while a markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in critically ill patients reflected coagulopathy. This study suggests that COVID-19-induced cytokine storm causes hepatotoxicity and subsequently critical hypoalbuminemia, which are associated with exacerbation of disease-associated inflammatory responses and progression of the disease and ultimately leads to death for some critically ill patients.
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PMID:Decreased serum albumin level indicates poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients: hepatic injury analysis from 2,623 hospitalized cases. 3256 3