Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in the nephrotic syndrome, the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen was measured in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-induced nephrosis using two different methods: a direct radioimmunoassay, which measures both angiotensinogen and des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen, and an indirect assay, which measures angiotensin I liberated from angiotensinogen by excess renin. The plasma concentration of angiotensinogen as measured by the direct assay increased before the appearance of PA-induced hypoproteinemia or proteinuria and subsequently decreased to normal levels simultaneously with the appearance of proteinuria. The indirect assay of angiotensinogen also demonstrated an increased concentration of plasma angiotensinogen before the development of nephrosis, but the level decreased to below normal after the appearance of proteinuria. Both plasma renin concentration and renin activity also increased simultaneously with the increase in plasma angiotensinogen. The difference between the concentrations of plasma angiotensinogen determined by these methods increased before and during the early phase of PA-induced nephrosis, suggesting the increased consumption of angiotensinogen by renin during this period. Measurement of plasma corticosterone and serum interleukin-6 revealed that these circulating factors were not involved in the elevation of plasma angiotensinogen in rats with PA-induced nephrosis. These results indicate that the renin-angiotensin system is activated before the appearance of PA-induced nephrotic syndrome.
Nephron 1993
PMID:Elevation of plasma angiotensinogen in rats with experimentally induced nephrosis. 844 57

To investigate whether or not amino acids affect the urinary excretion of purine bases and oxypurinol, a 12% amino acid solution was infused to 6 subjects who took allopurinol (300 mg) 6 h before the study. Amino acid infusion increased the urinary excretion and the fractional clearance of uric acid and oxypurinol and decreased the plasma concentration of oxypurinol. However, it affected neither the urinary excretion, the fractional clearance, the plasma concentration of oxypurines nor the plasma concentration of uric acid. These results indicate that amino acids affect the renal transport pathways of oxypurinol and uric acid but not those of oxypurines. In addition, it was suggested that the amino acid-induced increase in the urinary excretion of oxypurinol may be considered when allopurinol is administered to hyperuricemic patients with hypoproteinemia who have taken amino acids either orally or intravenously.
Nephron 1996
PMID:Effect of amino acids on the excretions of purine bases and oxypurinol. 874 55

To investigate a role of the Maillard reaction in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we measured serum levels of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), a potent protein cross-linking intermediate of the Maillard reaction, and tissue contents of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We quantified serum 3-DG using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and measured AGE contents in tissues using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a monoclonal anti-AGE antibody. The STZ-induced diabetic rats showed nephropathy with proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia and reduced creatinine clearance. Serum levels of 3-DG in the STZ-induced diabetic rats (mean +/- 3.46 +/- 0.23 mumol/l) were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in control rats (1.23 +/- 0.13 mumol/l). AGE contents in the kidney and the lens obtained from the STZ-induced diabetic rats (398 +/- 45 and 816 +/- 200 arbitrary units, respectively) were also significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in the control rats (122 +/- 10 and 299 +/- 50 arbitrary units, respectively). The results indicate that increased levels of serum 3-DG and renal tissue. AGEs may be related to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.
Nephron 1996
PMID:Serum levels of 3-deoxyglucosone and tissue contents of advanced glycation end products are increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with nephropathy. 893 85

From a clinical aspect, there are still a number of unsolved problems in patients with end-stage renal disease, for instance intractable malnutrition. The present study was undertaken to establish the therapeutic effect of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) on the nutritional state and clarify the usefulness of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) ratio as nutritional indices for prediction of the clinical response in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Thirty hemodialysis patients (13 females and 17 males, mean age 56.7 +/- 15.2 years) were studied who were suffering from malnutrition and could not be treated by any of the usual nutritional therapies; they were subjected to 0.5 IU/kg/week of r-hGH subcutaneously after hemodialysis for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected for measurement of the following plasma biochemical and hematological indices: serum IGF-I, IGFBP-1, growth hormone, total protein (TP), prealbumin, transferrin, albumin, serum urea nitrogen (SUN), creatinine, hematocrit, and amino acids. Immediately after r-hGH administration, SUN, essential amino acid and nonessential amino acid changed from 67.7 +/- 12.3 to 56.5 +/- 10.5 mg/dl (p < 0.05), from 798 +/- 84 to 1,115 +/- 208 microM/l (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), and from 2,185 +/- 221 to 2,814 +/- 621 microM/l (p < 0.05), respectively. Serum IGF-I increased markedly from 193 +/- 49 to 321 +/- 81 ng/ml, whereas serum IGFBP-1 decreased from 139 +/- 13 to 81 +/- 19 micrograms/l (p < 0.05). Four weeks after r-hGH administration, serum TP and albumin increased from 5.5 +/- 0.2 to 6.0 +/- 0.3 g/dl (p < 0.05) and from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 3.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl (p < 0.05), respectively. Serum IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with an increase of 0.5 g/dl or more in serum albumin than in other patients with poor response and the control group before r-hGH administration. Patients with marked improvement in serum albumin showed an IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio of 2 or less. On the other hand, patients without favorable improvement in serum albumin had a higher ratio of 4 or more. We conclude that r-hGH and IGF-I improve the malnutritional state by alleviating hypoproteinemia and abnormality of serum amino acid profile in uremic patients on hemodialysis. In addition, the serum IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio is useful not only as a nutritional parameter but also as a predicting index of responsiveness to r-hGH.
Nephron 1997
PMID:IGF-I/IGFBP-1 as an index for discrimination between responder and nonresponder to recombinant human growth hormone in malnourished uremic patients on hemodialysis. 938 Feb 35


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