Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020639 (hypoproteinemia)
 1,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interrelationship of enterokinase and trypsin activities were investigated in 133 infants and children with a variety of gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders. Fourteen patients with diarrhea and grade II mucosal injury revealed a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction of enterokinase, trypsin, and disaccharidase activites as compared to 59 children with normal mucosa. Nine patients with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency had normal mucosal enterokinase activity and elevated intraluminal enterokinase activity with very low or no trypsin activity. Patients with hypoproteinemia and gastrointestinal protein loss, associated with intestinal lymphangiectasia (4 patients) and intestinal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (3 patients), had normal or insignificant decrease of enterokinase and trypsin activities. In patients with steatorrhea, a normal sweat test, normal intestinal mucosa, and absent trypsin activity, two entities were defined. One group (3 patients) was diagnosed as Schwachman-Diamond syndrome with pancreatic insufficiency and normal mucosal and intraluminal enterokinase activity. The second group (2 patients) with absent mucosal and intraluminal enterokinase activity and normal lipase and amylase activities was diagnosed as congenital enterokinase deficiency.
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PMID:Enterokinase and trypsin activities in pancreatic insufficiency and diseases of the small intestine. 94 55

Mesenteric lymph was collected for 48 h from rats with aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome, receiving an intraduodenal infusion of a triacylglycerol emulsion. In nephrosis, the rates of lymph flow and triacylglycerol transport were approx. 2-fold higher, but the transport of total protein and of apoproteins A-I and E was 2- to 3-fold lower than that in control rats, resulting in chylomicrons with a 3-fold approx. elevated triacylglycerol/protein ratio. Supplementation of the triacylglycerol infusate with glucose and amino acids did not increase the protein or apoA-I and apoE transport. Production or transport of B and C apoproteins in nephrotic rats was also reduced, as indicated by tetramethylurea solubility, incorporation of intraduodenally infused [3H]leucine and staining of the chylomicron proteins on SDS-PAGE gels. Apoprotein A-IV was the only chylomicron component into which the leucine incorporation was elevated, but its relative content was not increased on SDS-PAGE gels. Lymph chylomicrons of nephrotic rats were larger in size (1498 +/- 37 vs. 1235 +/- 23 A), consistent with the higher triacylglycerol/protein ratio. The concentration of all lipoprotein classes was markedly elevated in the plasma of nephrotic rats, as was that of the total A-I and E apoproteins. Intravenous injection of 125I-labelled HDL, followed by tracing of the label in lymph chylomicrons, indicated a lower rate of transfer of HDL apoproteins from plasma to lymph in nephrotic rats. We conclude that the intestinal chylomicron formation in nephrosis is characterised by an enhanced triacylglycerol transport without the appropriate apoprotein complement. This is probably due to the limited capacity of enterocytes, in marked contrast to hepatocytes, to respond to the hypoproteinemia of nephrosis with increased production and/or transport of the apoproteins.
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PMID:Chylomicron synthesis in experimental nephrotic syndrome. 277 59

Serum and urinary proteins from rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Analysis was made on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 30 after PAN injection. Data were compared with control rats (C). Rats developed proteinuria on days 4-30 and hypoproteinemia on days 4-16. Total protein concentration in serum and urine was similar on day 6. SDS-PAGE revealed that urinary albumin augmented on days 4-30 and serum albumin decreased markedly on days 4-20. Albumin concentration in serum and urine was similar on days 4-16. In addition, the study examined serum changes of 7 other proteins (designed as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) which appeared or increased in urine, and whose molecular weights were higher (A, B, and C) or lower (D, E, F, and G) than that of albumin. In serum, protein A remained unchanged; protein B and G increased; proteins C, D, E, and F decreased. The qualitative pattern of urinary proteins remained essentially unchanged on days 4-30. During the intense proteinuria, the serum concentrations of protein B and albumin were similar and the urine concentrations of proteins C and D became comparable to that found in serum. These 7 serum proteins did not show the same behavior although all of them were excreted in urine. These data indicate that in PAN-nephrotic rats: (a) urinary proteins can be of low and high molecular weight, (b) serum proteins can be regulated independently of their urinary excretion and molecular weight, (c) the urine concentration of total protein and some specific proteins can reach values similar to that found in serum during the intense hypoproteinemia, and (d) the qualitative pattern of urinary proteins was unrelated to the magnitude of proteinuria.
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PMID:Time course analysis of serum and urinary proteins by SDS-PAGE in experimental nephrotic syndrome. 872 56