Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) are hypothesized to play an important role in atherogenesis, the relationship between CAMs and systemic atherosclerosis is uncertain. Among 92 outpatients (48 men; mean+/-SD age, 65+/-9 years), we evaluated the association of soluble vascular CAM-1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) with carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT), an index of early atherosclerosis. All subjects underwent a 2-dimensional ultrasound examination of both carotid arteries at the distal common carotid arteries and bifurcation. sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were significantly correlated with mean IMT of the common carotid artery (r=0.34 and r=0.30, respectively; P<0.01) and carotid bifurcation (r=0.31 and r=0.26, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sVCAM-1 was also positively associated with maximal carotid IMT (r=0.35, P<0.01). Adjustment for age attenuated the association between sVCAM-1 and common (r=0.16, P=0.13) and bifurcation (r=0.18, P=0.07) carotid IMT but had minimal effect on the associations between sICAM-1 and carotid measurements (r=0.32, P<0.01; r=0.23, P<0.05; for common and bifurcation IMT, respectively). Age-adjusted sICAM-1 levels increased in a stepwise fashion across common carotid IMT tertiles (253+/-27 versus 275+/-24 versus 384+/-26 pg/mL for the lowest, intermediate, and highest IMT tertiles, respectively; P<0.01). A similar trend was also found between sVCAM-1 levels and common carotid IMT tertiles (625+/-60 versus 650+/-53 versus 714+/-58 pg/mL; P<0.15). These associations were minimally affected in analyses adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, smoking, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and homocysteine, or in a subgroup analysis limited to those with no prior history of atherothrombotic disease. These data demonstrate a positive association between serum CAMs with carotid IMT and further support the hypothesis that systemic inflammation may have a role in atherosclerotic lesion development.
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PMID:Circulating cell adhesion molecules are correlated with ultrasound-based assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. 981 16

The relationship between insulin resistance, soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin (sE-selectin), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), mononuclear cell binding to cultured endothelium, and lipoprotein concentrations were evaluated in 28 healthy, nondiabetic, and normotensive individuals. The mean (+/-SEM) lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were within the normal rage: cholesterol (199 +/- 18 mg/dL); triglyceride (128 +/- 12 mg/dL); low-density cholesterol (127 +/- 8 mg/dL; and high-density cholesterol (47 +/- 3 mg/dL). The results indicated that degree of insulin resistance was significantly correlated with concentrations of sE-selectin (r = 0.54, P < 0.005), sICAM-1 (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.41, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between insulin resistance and both sE-selectin and sI-CAM-1 remained statistically significant when adjusted for differences in age, gender, body mass index, and all measures of lipoprotein concentrations. Finally, mononuclear cell binding correlated significantly with concentrations of sE-selectin (r = 0.54, P < 0.005) and sICAM-1 (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). These findings raise the possibility that previously described relationships between soluble adhesion molecules in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia may be due to the presence of insulin resistance in these clinical syndromes and suggests that insulin resistance may predispose individuals to coronary heart disease by activation of cellular adhesion molecules.
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PMID:Relationship between insulin resistance, soluble adhesion molecules, and mononuclear cell binding in healthy volunteers. 1052 84

This study was performed to determine whether the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-l) and soluble endothelial molecule-1 (sE-selectin) were elevated in subjects with hypercholesterolemia who presented with no other risk factors or evidence of atherosclerosis. The effects of administration of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on the serum levels of these molecules were also examined. Forty hypercholesterolemic subjects (HCh) (19 males and 21 females), without hypertension or cardiovascular disease, received placebo for 4 weeks. The patients were then randomized in two groups; 20 of them (simvastatin group) were treated with simvastatin (20 mg/day) and the other 20 (placebo group) continued placebo administration. After 12 and 24 weeks of either simvastatin or placebo treatment, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels were measured. The same parameters were measured in 20 control subjects (C) with normal cholesterol levels, matched for sex and age. HCh had sICAM-1 basal values higher than C (352.4+/-57.9 ng/ml versus 114.9+/-89.6 ng/ml; P<0.001); however, sE-selectin basal values were not different in the two groups. No correlation was observed between HCh sICAM-1 levels and cholesterol levels (total and low-density lipoprotein). Furthermore, cholesterol-lowering treatment with simvastatin did not significantly diminish sICAM-1 levels. Our findings would support the hypothesis that patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia and without clinical atherosclerosis may be silent carriers of arterial subendothelial inflammation, expressed as an increase of sICAM-1.
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PMID:Effects of simvastatin treatment on sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects. 1122 35

This study sought to investigate the interplay between antibody and T cell responses triggered by an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and their possible role in the progress of this disease. Serum samples were collected from two groups of patients, group A (n = 26) within the first week of MI, and group B (n = 28) at 2 weeks and 2 months after MI. Patients in group A were older and had higher prevalence of hypertension and previous attack of MI than patients in group B. The levels of anti-myosin immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies in the serum samples from group A were significantly higher than those in normal control subjects. In group B, the levels of both antibodies were lower than those in group A but remained significantly higher than those in normal control subjects at both 2 weeks and 2 months. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in the serum samples from group A patients were significantly higher than those in normal control subjects. At 2 weeks after MI (group B), only the level of sVCAM-1, but not that of sICAM-1, was significantly higher than that in normal control subjects, and there were no significant changes in the levels of these two molecules from 2 weeks to 2 months after MI. We conclude that the higher levels of anti-myosin antibodies and adhesion molecules in group A patients as compared with group B patients may be due to higher or more frequent exposures of their immune systems to heart antigens. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin M antibody response during the first week of MI had an inverse relationship with the level of interleukin-2R (sIL-2R), which suggested a possible suppressive or regulatory role of this antibody on the cellular immune response during this time.
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PMID:Interplay of antibody and T cell responses in acute myocardial infarction. 1147 78

Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, but the specific stimuli governing cytokine release in atherogenesis are unknown. We examined the hypothesis that hypertension may increase the risk of atherosclerosis via proinflammatory effects. In a cross-sectional study involving 508 apparently healthy men, we studied the association between blood pressure and baseline plasma concentrations of 2 inflammatory markers, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.003), pulse pressure (PP) (P=0.019), and mean arterial pressure (P=0.014) was significantly associated with levels of sICAM-1. All of these measures of blood pressure, as well as diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were significantly associated with levels of IL-6 (all, P</=0.001). In multiple linear regression models controlled for age and other cardiac risk factors, SBP (7.6 ng/mL per 10 mm Hg, P=0.016) and PP (8.13 ng/mL per 10 mm Hg, P=0.038) were significantly associated with sICAM-1 levels, whereas SBP (0.11 pg/mL per 10 mm Hg, P<0.001), DBP (0.11 pg/mL per 10 mm Hg, P=0.008), PP (0.10 pg/mL per 10 mm Hg, P=0.009), and mean arterial pressure (0.15 pg/mL per 10 mm Hg, P<0.001) had similar strong relationships with log-transformed IL-6 levels. Therefore, in apparently healthy men, we observed significant graded relationships between blood pressure and levels of sICAM-1 as well as IL-6. These data suggest that increased blood pressure may be a stimulus for inflammation and that this is a possible mechanism underlying the well-established role of hypertension as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease.
Hypertension 2001 Sep
PMID:Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men. 1156 12

To study the association of plasma concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin) with atheroslerotic lesions at the origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA). 179 subjects were investigated by color Doppler ultrasound of whom 133 had and 46 had no plaques at the ICA origin. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension (p < 0.001), sICAM-1 concentrations (p < 0.01) and smoking (p < 0.05) were independently associated with the presence of ICA plaques. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that sICAM-1 concentrations in subjects with plaque were negatively associated with the degree of ICA stenosis (p < 0.01) and positively associated with previous cerebral ischemia (p < 0.01), coronary heart disease (p < 0.05) and peripheral artery disease (p < 0.05). In conclusion, elevated sICAM-1 concentrations are independently associated with atherosclerosis of the ICA origin and are predominantly increased in patients with low-grade lesions and with clinical manifestations of vascular disorders.
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PMID:Circulating adhesion molecules in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. 1209 45

We compared the levels of microparticles, platelet activation markers, soluble cell adhesion molecules, and soluble selectins between hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes and control subjects. Binding of anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and anti-glycoprotein Ib monoclonal antibodies to platelets did not differ significantly between the hypertensive patients and controls, but platelet expression of activation markers (CD62P, CD63, PAC-1, and annexin V) was higher in the hypertensive patients. Platelet-derived microparticle (PDMP) and monocyte-derived microparticle (MDMP) levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients than in the controls. Soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin levels were also higher in the hypertensive patients, and they were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients with diabetes. After treatment with efonidipine, the levels of PDMPs, CD62P-, CD63-, PAC-1-, and annexin V-positive platelets, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin all decreased significantly. The MDMP levels decreased, and the decrease was significant in the hypertensive patients with diabetes. These findings suggest that administration of efonidipine to hypertension patients with diabetes may prevent the development of cardiovascular complications caused by cell adhesion molecules or activated platelets and monocytes.
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PMID:Effects of efonidipine on platelet and monocyte activation markers in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1214 59

Atherosclerosis is by far the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules like the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Their soluble forms (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) are considered potential serum markers of endothelial activation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of the HD procedure on the levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in patients with end stage renal disease. We evaluated 35 clinically stable patients (18 males, 17 females, mean age 61 +/- 12) on chronic HD treatment. Diabetes mellitus coexisted in eight patients and arterial hypertension in 23 patients. Blood was drawn before, every hour during, and after a single HD session in each patient. Low-flux cuprophane dialyzers (GFS 12, Gambro, Lund, Sweden) were used in 22 and high-flux polysulfone dialyzers (Hemoflow F 60S, Fresenius, Oberursel, Germany) in 13 cases. At 30 min into the HD session (n=31, 20 low-flux HD, 11 high-flux HD) blood was drawn simultaneously from the entrance and the exit line of the dialyzer. From all these samples, serum concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were determined by commercially available enzyme immunoassays (ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA). Results were corrected according to hemoconcentration, where appropriate. Plasma levels of sVCAM-1 were elevated in patients with end stage renal disease before the beginning of the dialysis session when compared to healthy controls (1449 +/- 497 ng/mL vs. 691 +/- 118 ng/mL). On the contrary, such an elevation was not found in the case of sICAM-1 (231 +/- 58.5 ng/mL vs. 236.4 +/- 96.8 ng/mL in healthy controls). These levels remained stable in all measurements throughout the dialysis procedure. Furthermore, serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels remained unaltered after the passage of the dialyzer. The levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not influenced by the existence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or by the utilization of biocompatible, high flux dialyzers. Our study confirms that in chronic HD patients serum levels for sVCAM-1 are elevated. The levels of adhesion molecules are not affected by the HD procedure. These findings probably can be attributed to a decreased renal clearance or catabolism of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and to the different sources of the two molecules. Neither coexisting diabetes mellitus nor arterial hypertension influences the circulating levels of these adhesion molecules. The functional role of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, the exact renal contribution to their metabolism, and their role as markers of atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease need further evaluation.
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PMID:Hemodialysis procedure does not affect the levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in patients with end stage renal disease. 1595 49

The attachment of monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells, which initiates atherosclerosis, arises under the influence of adhesion molecules. The preclinical phase of this disease lasts many decades, and this provides an opportunity for the presymptomatic detection of high-risk subjects. We evaluated levels of the adhesion molecules: sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1), sE selectin, sP selectin, and sL selectin in children with atherosclerosis risk factors (n = 123, mean age 15.1 years) (obese [n = 17], hypertensive [n = 25], obese with hypertension [n = 30], type 1 diabetic [n = 51]). Twenty-seven healthy children formed the control group, mean age 15.2 years. sICAM-1 was higher in the study group compared with control (314.1 +/- 61 vs 264.9 +/- 55 ng/mL, P < .01). The same was found for sVCAM-1 (513.7 +/- 187 vs 407.9 +/- 76 ng/mL, P < .05) and E selectin (86.04 +/- 33.6 vs 62.1 +/- 20.3 ng/mL, P < .01). sP-selectin and sL-selectin levels were not different compared with controls. E selectin correlated with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.18, P = .03), total cholesterol (r = 0.2, P = .016), and triglycerides (r = 0.22, P = .008). sICAM-1 correlated with BMI (r = 0.19, P = .019) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.13, P = .045). In multiple linear regression analysis, sE selectin was found to be associated with triglycerides (R2 = 0.29, P = .045), sICAM-1 dependent on BMI (R2 = 0.58, P = .047), and sVCAM-1 dependent on total cholesterol (R2 = 0.51, P = .006). Elevated concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and E selectin were found in obese, hypertensive, and diabetic children. We conclude that endothelial activation appears in these children, and adhesion molecules are related to the earliest stages of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) and selectins (sE selectin, sP selectin, sL selectin) levels in children and adolescents with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. 1609 51

Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, the causes underlying endothelial dysfunction are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations of cardiovascular risk factors with soluble adhesion molecules (sE-Selectin, sICAM-1), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. The study population consisted of a subcohort of 2,168 men and women aged 35 to 74 years randomly drawn from three cross-sectional population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. In multivariable linear regression analysis, current smoking, high (versus moderate) alcohol consumption, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with elevated levels of sE-selectin and sICAM-1. Increased levels of sE-selectin were also found in subjects with actual hypertension, high body mass index and prevalent diabetes mellitus. In addition, low physical activity and no (versus moderate) alcohol consumption were significantly associated with elevated concentrations of sICAM-1. Levels of sTM were higher in subjects with actual hypertension, no or high amounts of alcohol intake and a high ratio of TC/HDL-C, but were lower in subjects with a history of myocardial infarction. VWF was significantly associated with CRP only. In conclusion, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 are more strongly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors than sTM and vWF.
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PMID:Association of cardiovascular risk factors with markers of endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged men and women. Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Study. 1654 72


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