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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the first time in mass studied of populations the author applied a REG method for the assessment of different risk factors in cerebrovascular disorders. REG changes were studied in 1446 individuals (males from 40-59 years and females from 50-59 years) living in 2 districts of Moscow in relation to the influence of age, sex, arterial hypertension, smoking, excessive weight and hypercholesterolemia. A certain specificity of changes depending upon the acting factors was established. The highest REG changes were connected with advent of age, arterial hypertension and smoking. The achieved results make it possible to recommend REG for use in epidemiological studies. This method may also facilitate a detection of pathological changes in the brain due to the action of unfavourable factors.
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PMID:[Rheoencephalographic method of of analyzing several risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (epidemiologic study)]. 40 55

The paper is concerned with a study of 55 pateints with hypertensive disease and of 14 normals under the conditions of emotional stress. These studies were conducted in order to detect interrelationship between vegetative, EEG and REG indices. In 3 groups of patients distinguished according to symptoms of vegetative changes the indices of the tone in the sympathetical and parasympathetical parts of the nervous system in the working period (i. e. during the period of emotional stress) significantly differed from the indices of the control group. They also correlated with the character of activity and the EEG indices. Unlike normals, patients with hypertension in the working period demonstrate not a dilatation of the frequency spectrum in the EEG, but are somewhat narrower. Correlations between shifts on the EEG and REG were not detected. However, in the group of patients with weakened vegetative reactions in a visual assessment of the REG there was a weakening of the autoregulation of cerebral reactions, which coincided with somewhat less frequent alpha-rhythm in a lower work productivity.
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PMID:[Correlation of electroencephalographic, autonomic and rheoencephalographic indices in I- and II-stage hypertensives under emotional strains]. 62 42

On the basis of modern knowledge of the clinical picture, pathophysiology and pathomorphology of the residual period of brain injuries and a study of 140 cases, examined in the Central Institute for Expertise of Working Capacity the author discusses some clinical characteristic of the remote sequelae of brain injuries received during the war and the possible variants of their pathogenesis. A comprehensive clinical study of such patients with the use of paraclinical methods (EEG, REG) permitted to establish a cerebro-vascular nature of these disorders with a development of vasopathy, traumatical hypertension, early vascular involution with a transition to early cerebral atherosclerosis. Having this in view the author considers some problems of the causal connections of these disorders with injuries and concussions received at war.
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PMID:[Progressive course of the sequelae of closed cranio-cerebral trauma at remote periods (in relation to the test of rehabilitating invalids from the Second World War)]. 101 41

The influence of phenylephrine (PHE), methoxamine (MET) and ephedrine (EPH) on kininogen and prekallikrein level in plasma was investigated in male Wistar rats. Simultaneously the effect of these drugs on blood pressure was monitored. No changes in kininogenesis were observed during the hypertension period (2 h after ip injection). The significant decrease in kininogen level (by 20-30%) was found 4 h after PHE (5 mg/kg) or EPH (40 mg/kg) and 4-12 h after MET (40 mg/kg) injection. The reduction of kallikrein utilization, indicating an increase in prekallikrein level in plasma, was noted only after PHE (by 34%) or MET (by 44%) administration. Phentolamine (REG) in a dose of 20 mg/kg, which counteracted the hypertensive effect of investigated drugs, abolished the influence of these drugs on kininogen level. The results indicate that the hypertension induced by alpha-adrenoceptor agonists evokes the delayed activation of kininogenesis parallel to the secondary decrease in blood pressure. Such a reaction of kinin system seems to be related to primary alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation, not to the direct influence of hypertensive drugs on kinin system in rat plasma.
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PMID:Hypertensive drugs and plasma kinins in rats. 287 49

Using noninvasive (echoventriculometry (Echo-VM), REG and invasive (planimetric PEG, graphic recording of the CSF pressure) methods of examination, the authors determined the size of cerebral ventricles and the status of the cerebral hemo- and CSF dynamics in 606 patients with various chronic diseases of the brain (consequences of craniocerebral injury, epilepsy, discirculatory encephalopathy, etc.). According to PEG and Echo-VM findings, two groups of patients were distinguished. In moderate dilatation of cerebral ventricles the most significant finding was an increase in the pulse pressure of the CSF, whereas its mean pressure was normal or slightly elevated. In patients with pronounced hydrocephaly the pulse and mean pressure of the CSF tended to decrease. The progress of hydrocephaly was parallelled by increasing disorders of the cerebral hemodynamics expressed in hindered venous outflow from the cranial cavity and elevated peripheral vascular resistance. Four CSF-related syndromes have been identified (normotension, total CSF hypertension, intraventricular tension, total CSF hypotension) differing in their diagnostic and prognostic significance and in the pathogenesis of disorders of the hemo- and CSF dynamics.
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PMID:[Status of the ventricular system and dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid changes in chronic brain diseases]. 325 71

Investigation of the bioelectrical activity and cerebral blood content has shown different changes in the baseline EEGs and REGs in children with acute serous meningitis. The visual assessment of the EEGs revealed in 52% of cases paroxysmal activity, diminished regularity of the dominant rhythm, etc. The findings of the cross-correlation analysis indicated impairment of the space-time organization of the potentials: there was a reduction in the functional activity of the anterior associative structures, particularly in the left hemisphere, and lagging of the electrical processes in the frontal zones of the right hemisphere from potentials of other centres. Changes in the cross-correlational functions of biopotentials were attended by alterations in the REG parameters, in particular by a decreased amplitude of the pulse wave, elevated vascular tone and increased interhemispherical asymmetry. The role of intracranial hypertension in the genesis of identified disorders is discussed.
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PMID:[Correlations between the indicators of EEG and REG in children with serous meningitis]. 381 2

An analysis of 117 cases of acute closed craniocerebral trauma (CCCT) of a mild degree, the time-course of the EEG, EchoEG and REG findings in the process of treatment has shown that mild CCCT was expressed clinically in CSF hypertension, as well as vegetovascular and asthenoneurotic syndromes. The detection at the early stages of the injury of the leading clinical syndrome contributes to the conduction of purposeful therapeutic measures. A positive time-course of some electrophysiological parameters indicates the normalization of vegetovascular dysfunctions under the impact of acupuncture, which permits the use of this method in the multiple modality treatment of CCCT in the acute period.
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PMID:[Dynamics of various electrophysiologic indices in patients with mild acute closed craniocerebral injuries during complex treatment using reflexotherapy]. 405 Feb 29

The effect of the alpha-adrenoblockers, nicergoline (N) and dihydroergotoxin (DHET), on the cerebral vessels and the systemic hemodynamics was studied in 152 patients with acute and chronic vascular diseases of the brain. It was established that the hypotensive action of alpha-blockers was the greater the higher was the initial arterial hypertension. REG conducted during an hour after the intravenous administration of N and DHET revealed an increase in the pulse blood filling and an improvement of the arterial tone. Changes in vascular resistance were heterogeneous. Both drugs induced the venous outflow but there were no signs of venous hypotension. An improvement in the systemic and cerebral hemodynamics correlated with clinical improvement.
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PMID:[Clinico-rheographic study of the cerebrovascular effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers in vascular diseases of the brain]. 407 31

Clinical and polygraphical (EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, REG) studies of nocturnal sleep and of the hemodynamics were carried out in 60 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy induced by hypertension and atherosclerosis. The findings obtained demonstrate that the clinical picture in these patients is always characterized by sleep disturbances which decrease the level of their diurnal wakefulness and their capacity for work. Hemodynamic disturbances responsible for sleep disorders are in turn maintained by the latter which leads to the formation of the vicious circle. This is also supported by the fact that compromized cerebral circulation causes changes in the activity of the structures involved both in sleep-wakefulness function and the regulation of the cerebral and systemic hemodynamics. Hence, deviations in the nocturnal sleep pattern attended with pronounced alterations in the cerebral hemodynamics may contribute to the development of acute disorders of the cerebral circulation. The authors recommend correcting not only the disrupted structure of sleep but also the cerebral circulation with relation to he sleep-wakefulness cycle.
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PMID:[Nocturnal sleep and cerebral hemodynamics in different sleep stages and cycles among patients with early manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. 650 76

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) remain the foundation for assessing and introducing evidence-based therapies into cardiovascular (CV) medicine. In 2015, a number of RCTs were reported and published that have great potential to improve CV outcomes and thus to change clinical practice. We highlight the results and implications of major RCTs in the areas of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), interventional cardiology, atrial fibrillation, lipids, heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension. Among the trials we discuss, PEGASUS and DAPT provide guidance regarding the potential benefits and hazards of longer-term dual-antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or myocardial infarction (MI). The BRIDGE study evaluated the role of bridging patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent noncardiac surgery with low-molecular-weight heparin while temporarily discontinuing their oral anticoagulant. The REVERSE-AD trial addressed the highly relevant issue of the first reversal agent (idarucizumab) for the direct oral anticoagulant dabigatran. The IMPROVE-IT assessed the benefits of adding ezetimibe to a statin in patients with ACS. Coupled with the latest studies involving proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, the lipid field was particularly active in 2015. The year ended with major headlines in hypertension and diabetes. The SPRINT may lead to a new era in hypertension, with lowered blood pressure (BP) targets, and EMPA-REG became the first study ever to demonstrate a convincing reduction in CV events with a glucose-lowering agent, in this case empagliflozin. The results of these and other trials will likely impact practice guidelines and improve outcomes for our patients.
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PMID:Impactful Clinical Trials of 2015: What Clinicians Need to Know. 2703 6


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