Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High blood pressure (HBP) in the range 90-104 DBP ("mild") has been shown to carry a sizeable excess risk of coronary death, at least in countries with atherogenic diets. Effective treatment to control HBP should result in lowering CHD risk. Early trials comparing drug treatment vs placebo in such hypertensives were generally too small or too limited to demonstrate this, although overall trends favored treatment. The U.S. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a population based trial with 10,940 patients, did demonstrate large reductions in CHD mortality and in nonfatal CHD, as measured by a variety of indices. A subsequent large trial, the Multiple Risk Factor Trial (MRFIT), found benefit in reducing CHD deaths for most hypertensives, but for the subgroup with resting ECG abnormalities, CHD deaths were greater in the Special Intervention than in the Usual Care group. The overall findings of the several studies indicate benefit of effective antihypertensive treatment in reducing CHD mortality and morbidity for most hypertensives with DBP 90-104. However, need to highlight a number of other aspects of antihypertensive treatment is indicated: use of lowest drug level possible to achieve BP normalization; need to control all major CHD risk factors in hypertensives; need to utilize nutritional means to further both these aims; need to monitor and counteract unwanted metabolic effects of antihypertensive drug therapy.
 ...
PMID:Influence of treatment of "mild" hypertension on coronary heart disease. 390 99

A total of 202 patients with coronary heart disease and 115 patients with hypertension were examined to study their specific and frustration characteristics. Isenk's questionnaire and Rosentsveig's test were used. In CHD and postinfarction cardiosclerosis extraversion prevailed, in hypertension intraversion was more common. The indicator of neuroticism was high among all the patients under study. The choleric temperament prevailed in angina pectoris. Choleric and melancholic peculiarities were typical of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and hypertension. Extrapunitive reactions were clearly revealed by Rosenzweig's test in all the study groups.
 ...
PMID:[Character peculiarities in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. 408 82

Proteins, animal fats, disugars and products of animal origin, refined products and daily energy content of rations were shown to be directly related to CHD morbidity (0.61-0.94), arteriosclerosis (0.70-0.96), myocardial infarction and cardiosclerosis (0.67-0.96) mortality, their association with hypertension being reverse (-0.66-0.80). Vegetable fats, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, buns and rolls, vegetables and fruit showed reverse correlation with CHD morbidity (-0.53-0.88) as well as with arteriosclerosis (-0.57-0.95), myocardial infarction and cardiosclerosis (-0.61-0.96) mortality.
 ...
PMID:[Correlation between chronic non-infectious diseases of the cardiovascular system and nutritional factors]. 408 86

Multifactor prophylaxis of CHD and arterial hypertension was tried in 12 sanatoria in 1982 in the population of men aged 40 to 59 with initial arterial hypertension using a unified method. A significant hypotensive effect was achieved, mainly at the expense of the fact of rest itself under sanatorium conditions as a factor of isolation from stresses of everyday life. A raised level of physical activity played the most important role in preventive measures enhancing this effect.
 ...
PMID:[Multi-factor prevention in sanatoria: its effect on increased arterial pressure]. 408 96

The authors presented a preliminary analysis of the 5-year implementation of a cooperative trial of multifactor prophylaxis of CHD in Moscow and Kaunas. A stable decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) by 20-25% and smoking by 22%, a decrease in SAP and DAP mean levels and the number of smoked cigarettes as compared to initial levels were noted in the group of active prophylaxis (the 1st group). It caused the reduction of CHD death risk by 13.6%. In the group of comparison with common treatment (the 2nd group) the prevalence of smoking decreased by 11% and arterial hypertension tended towards a rise. The comparison of mortality rates in the 1st and 2nd groups showed that in the 1st group total mortality rates were lower by 21% and CVD mortality rates were lower by 41% as compared to the 2nd group. The most noticeable decrease in 5-year mortality rates was observed among the persons initially attributed to the CHD group. Analysis of mortality with relation to the presence and intensity of smoking habits in Moscow and Kaunas indicated to the association of smoking not only with CHD mortality but also with cancer and total mortality making appropriate the development of an integral approach to the prophylaxis of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Cooperative study on the multifactor prevention of ischemic heart disease and its development into an integral program for the prevention of noninfectious diseases]. 408 22

Altogether 39 CHD new cases were detected in a representative random sample of 556 men aged 40-59 in the course of 5 yrs. The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein. A high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower. 50% of all CHD new cases originated from the upper sextile of distribution (17% of values). Risk of CHD development compared to the lower sextile increased 9.5-fold. In considering logistic function 46% of CHD new cases originated from the first four informative characteristics of the upper sextile. Risk of CHD development in the upper sextile was 6 times as high as in the lower sextile. An acute drop of the informative value of the set of 3 characteristics occurred after excluding from the analysis values of the consumption of carbohydrates per 1 kg bw, and differences between values of theoretically anticipated and empirical risk became statistically significant. The study showed the interrelationship of alimentary factors and risk factors in CHD development. A raised consumption of refined carbohydrates and alcohol consumption enhanced the effect of such risk factors as overweight, arterial hypertension and disorders of the blood lipid spectrum regarded as the main causes of CHD development in males aged 40-59.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative study of the effect of basic risk and nutritional factors on the development of ischemic heart disease in a population]. 408 25

It has become evident from a series of epidemiologic studies that an association exists between regular use of large amounts of alcoholic beverages and hypertension. In most studies, regular intake of smaller amounts of alcohol is not associated with hypertension but a possible threshold cannot be precisely defined at present. The relationship between alcohol and blood pressure is not attributable to demographic characteristics, obesity, reported salt use, smoking, or coffee use nor can it be explained by underreporting of alcohol consumption. If the relationship is causal then the pathogenesis is not yet firmly established. Multiple mechanisms, including direct effects of alcohol or of withdrawal from alcohol, are possible explanations. Alcohol shows a positive association with some sequelae of hypertension, but not to others. The most important exception is CHD, which is negatively associated with alcohol intake. Health professionals should not ignore the role of alcohol intake as a possible factor raising blood pressure in a certain proportion of hypertensive persons.
 ...
PMID:The role of alcohol in the epidemiology of hypertension--is alcohol associated hypertension a common preventable disease? 639 87

Experimental comparison of the lungs of 7 sheep foetuses with surgically induced CDH and 7 controls permitted an assessment to be made of the changes that take place in lung growth, generally described as hypoplasia, through a study of their morphology and histology, and the lung: lamb weight ratio. Changes increased in gravity in function of the duration of hernia. They included: reduced alveolar expansion, fewer generations of bronchi and alveoli, and septal thickening. An increase in the smooth muscle component of 5th-6th generation arteries (i.e. resistance) may offer an explanation of the hypertension characteristic of CDH, and the non-reactivity of these vessels in response to vasodilators. It is also suggested that damage to the mesenchyma can be regarded as the sole cause of the changes in lung growth observed in CDH. Early treatment before these changes become irreversible is thus advisable.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental intrauterine surgery. Morphological study of lung development in the sheep fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia]. 665 19

This study of cerebrovascular lesions at autopsy among Hawaiian Japanese men identifies similar risks factors for cerebral infarction and hemorrhage that have been identified in a previous incidence study. Demonstrated differences were essentially the same whether subjects with these tissue changes were compared to men showing no central nervous system disease at autopsy or when they were compared with men still alive. Cerebral infarcts accompanied myocardial infarction (CHD) in 58% of autopsy cases and were associated with CHD risk factors (high serum cholesterol, hypertension, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and aorta). These associations did not persist when CHD cases were removed from the analysis, indicating there were two subsets of men with cerebral infarction. Hypertension was strongly associated with hemorrhagic disease, as were cigarette use and alcohol consumption.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors related to ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease at autopsy: the Honolulu Heart Study. 669 27

Coronary heart disease mortality declined by 17 percent and 14 percent for New Zealand European men and women respectively between 1968 and 1978. The fall occurred in all age groups and in Maoris and cannot be attributed to change in diagnostic fashions. The decline has been associated with a decrease in the consumption of diary products and more recently with a levelling off of cigarette smoking, an increased awareness of the importance of treating hypertension, and an apparent increase in habitual physical activity in the community. There have also been improvements in the medical management of patients with coronary heart disease which may be contributing to the continuing decline in mortality rates. A programme to monitor trends in CHD incidence and case fatality and the level of risk factors in the community is required to elucidate the reasons for the decline in CHD mortality.
 ...
PMID:Trends in coronary heart disease mortality and associated risk factors in New Zealand. 694 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>