Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disease prevention through dietary management is a cost-effective approach to promoting healthy aging. Fats, cholesterol, soluble fiber, and the trace elements copper and chromium affect the morbidity and mortality of CHD. Decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake improves control of hypertension. Calcium and magnesium may also have a role in controlling hypertension. The antioxidant vitamins A and beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and the trace mineral selenium may protect against types of cancer. A decrease in simple carbohydrates and an increase in soluble dietary fiber may normalize moderately elevated blood glucose levels. Deficiencies of zinc or iron diminish immune function. Adequate levels of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent senile osteoporosis in both older men and women.
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PMID:Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults. 142 12

Overall 235 patients with a history of uncomplicated myocardial infarction were examined. Of these, in 79 patients (33%), myocardial infarction developed in the presence of arterial hypertension. To predict the efficacy of rehabilitation treatment, postinfarction angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, the size and localization of the injury, the status of the coronary and myocardial reserves were taken into consideration. The data obtained confirmed the prognostic significance of arterial hypertension in the estimation of the efficacy of rehabilitation therapy. Arterial hypertension contributes to an unfavourable course of CHD and to a decrease of the work fitness of the patients who suffered myocardial infarction. Estimating the long-term efficacy of rehabilitation treatment, it is necessary to bear in mind not only the coronary reserves, but also the myocardial reserves, its integral index--the total ejection fraction and regional myocardial contractility.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension as a prognostic factor in the course of ischemic heart disease]. 144 Feb 85

A risk factor is a characteristic which is associated with a greater than average probability of developing coronary disease. Raised serum cholesterol and hypertension are two such factors. Intervention studies conducted to confirm the risk factor hypothesis have shown that reduction of serum cholesterol and essential hypertension may be associated with a small decreased CHD incidence, however there were almost as many deaths due to coronary disease in the intervention groups as in the control groups. These findings suggest that our approach to risk factor intervention may be a misguided attempt which needs modification. It is possible that the major risk factors develop in an attempt of our body to adapt to environmental factors such as increased intake of salt, saturated fat and cholesterol, physical inactivity, increased intake of calories and obesity and stress. Smoking may be the result of social changes. Since the body has to modify its metabolic mechanism depending upon the factor to which it adapts, development of hyperlipidemia and hypertension may be protective mechanisms of the body which it has developed while fighting against environmental factors. Reduction of major risk factors by drug therapy may mean that we are trying to prevent the body, fighting environmental factors. Thus our approach to control of the major risk factors should be to treat the causative environmental factors or alter the lifestyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Risk factors for coronary heart disease: synthesis of a new hypothesis through adaptation. 149 21

The modified Fontan operation has gained wide acceptance as a functional corrective procedure for patients with CHD with single ventricle physiology. Long-term survival and palliation of symptoms are excellent with most patients able to lead normal lives. The absence of a pulmonary contractile ventricle means that the single ventricle is responsible for perfusion of both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Elevated systemic venous pressure is required to overcome PVR and this state of systemic venous hypertension has a significant impact on the anesthetic and postoperative care of these patients.
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PMID:The modified Fontan procedure: physiology and anesthetic implications. 149 5

The relationship between erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport (Na-Li CT) and body fat distribution is analyzed in a sample (n = 101) of normotensive and untreated hypertensive men participating in an epidemiological study of coronary heart disease risk factors. Na-Li CT is significantly and positively associated with both subscapular skinfold and waist to hip ratio, but not with triceps skinfold. The univariate correlation between Na-Li CT and blood pressure is diminished when adjusted for body mass index and waist to hip ratio. These findings support the existence of an association between Na-Li CT and central body fat distribution and suggest that the metabolic abnormalities associated with centrally distributed body fat could explain, at least in part, the association between Na-Li CT and blood pressure. The maximal velocity of the sodium-lithium countertransport (Na-Li CT) in erythrocytes has been reported to be directly associated with blood pressure and hypertension in numerous reports from both clinical and epidemiological studies. In most of these studies, indices of weight and/or adiposity (body mass index, in particular) have been shown to be among the most important correlates of Na-Li CT. Adiposity is an important determinant of blood pressure, and there is evidence suggesting that the patterning of the fat cells in the body is linked to a number of metabolic disturbances that could lead to hypertension and an increase in other CHD risk factors. The present report analyses the relationship between Na-Li CT and body fat distribution in a sample of normotensive and untreated hypertensive men participating in an epidemiological study.
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PMID:Sodium-lithium countertransport and body fat distribution. 150 13

A review of the putative risk factors associated with the development of coronary heart disease in diabetes is presented. Emphasis is given to the effect of nephropathy (persistent proteinuria) and hypertension on cardiovascular mortality in IDDM. Risk factors associated with CHD in NIDDM are also reviewed. Finally, possible reasons to explain the increased incidence of CHD associated with proteinuria in IDDM patients, including lipoprotein abnormalities, increased fibrinogen levels, increased platelet adhesiveness, and altered hemostatic variables, are discussed.
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PMID:Risk factors for coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. 152 26

The question whether there is a level of diastolic pressure during treatment below which further reduction of pressure may be harmful rather than beneficial is of great interest. If, as the proponents of this hypothesis maintain, death from CHD among treated hypertensives becomes more rather than less common at very low diastolic pressure, this might explain at least in part why most primary prevention trials of hypertension have failed to show a reduction in CHD mortality. However, as the sceptics have pointed out, the evidence that drug induced lowering of blood pressure is harmful is not of the highest quality, and alternative explanations for excess cardiovascular mortality at low diastolic pressure exist. In the following review of this hotly contested debate it is concluded that both proponents and sceptics may be correct, but that the presence of a J curve should not divert attention from the main benefit of treating hypertension which is a reduction in the risk of fatal and non fatal stroke.
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PMID:Is there a J curve distribution for diastolic blood pressure? 154 Oct 33

Thirty-six patients with treated mild to moderate hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia (greater than 6.5 mmol/l) entered a 12 week study to evaluate the efficacy and patient tolerability of combined lipid-lowering and antihypertensive treatment as part of a strategy of multiple risk factor intervention. The principal effects on the plasma lipid profiles were significant reductions of 30-40% in total and LDL cholesterol. These reductions were achieved without loss of blood pressure control. There was no significant impact on HDL cholesterol or on lipoprotein Lp(a). These preliminary results suggest that substantial reductions in total and LDL cholesterol can be achieved without compromising blood pressure control which remained satisfactory at 144/82 supine and 143/80 mmHg standing. Furthermore, these changes were achieved without any problems of patient tolerability or interference with patient compliance with drug treatment. Overall, therefore, substantial reductions in CHD risk can be achieved with an acceptable combination of lipid lowering and antihypertensive treatments.
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PMID:Combined lipid-lowering and antihypertensive treatment as part of a strategy of multiple risk factor intervention. 177 Apr 73

Generalized expectancies about control are examined as a possible independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in a sample of subjects undergoing coronary angiography. This characteristic is also examined as a possible underlying component of the Type A behavior pattern which may contribute to the latter's association with heart disease. Regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, income and known risk factors for heart disease (hypertension, serum cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, angina, family history of CHD, hostility and Type A behavior pattern) indicate that having a stronger belief in personal mastery or control is an independent predictor of more severe coronary atherosclerosis. This characteristic, however, is not significantly related to the Type A behavior pattern.
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PMID:Personal control and coronary artery disease: how generalized expectancies about control may influence disease risk. 179 80

Several so-called multiple-action compounds have been developed, such as medroxalol (alpha and beta blockade, and beta-2 stimulation), celiprolol (alpha-2 and beta-1 blockade, and beta-2 stimulation) and carvedilol (beta blockade and vasodilatation) for the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and with coronary heart disease. Carvedilol exerts relatively uniform peripheral effects, i.e. a reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise, and a decrease in the resting and exercise heart rate. Blood pressure fall due to carvedilol may be induced by its vasodilating effect, as documented by measurements of forearm blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance. Moreover, renal hemodynamics does not seem to be significantly altered by carvedilol. Carvedilol may also produce an improvement of the LV contractile status in patients with CHD and impaired LV function, mainly due to afterload reduction, in addition to its antianginal effect, which is due mainly to the beta-blocking properties of this substance. From the studies mentioned it may be concluded that carvedilol is a useful and promising drug for treating patients with both arterial hypertension and with coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Hemodynamic profile of carvedilol. 197 96


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