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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the glomerular hemodynamics and activity of the tubuloglomerular feedback system (TGFS) in Wistar rats with persistent hypertension 60 days after removal of the clipped kidney in the Goldblatt (two-kidney, one clip) hypertension model. Ten hypertensive rats (HBP) were compared with 12 normotensive ones (NBP). Micropuncture studies revealed that values for the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), glomerular plasma flow (QA), and afferent oncotic pressure (PAR.A) were similar in both groups, whereas glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) and effective filtration pressure (EFP) were higher in the HBP group (p less than 0.05). A slight but insignificant increase in afferent resistance was present in the HBP group. A positive correlation was found between mean arterial pressure and stop flow pressure (SFP) (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05) but not with SNGFR, suggesting a reduction in the ultrafiltration coefficient in hypertensive rats. This was further supported by studies of the activity of the TGFS, which demonstrated that interrupting flow to the macula densa was followed by a smaller increment in SNGFR in HBP, in spite of a similar rise in SFP. The mechanism responsible for decreasing glomerular permeability is unknown but could be related to structural changes in glomerular capillary or to an increase in intrarenal angiotensin II, as has been demonstrated previously in this model. It is suggested that these adaptations occurring in the kidney exposed to hypertension can contribute to the maintenance of elevated arterial pressure after removing the stenotic kidney.
Hypertension
PMID:Glomerular hemodynamics in persistent renovascular hypertension in the rat. 665 58

We used standard, large adult, and thigh-size cuffs in random order to take BPs in 470 patients. The prevalences of definite high BP [( HBP]), greater than or equal to 160/95 mm Hg) and borderline HBP [( BHBP ], greater than or equal to 140/90 less than 160/95 mm Hg) were the same with all three cuffs in patients with an arm circumference less than 35 cm, a body mass index less than 34, and a weight of less than 95 kg. The large adult and thigh cuffs did not underestimate the prevalence of HBP in these nonobese patients. The prevalences of HBP and BHBP were twofold greater with the standard cuff than with the large adult or thigh cuffs in obese patients (arm circumference greater than or equal to 35 cm or body mass index greater than or equal to 34 or weight greater than or equal to 95 kg). Routine use of the large adult cuff will provide accurate BP measurement and avoid unneeded evaluation and treatment.
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PMID:Spurious hypertension in the obese patient. Effect of sphygmomanometer cuff size on prevalence of hypertension. 673 9

Norepinephrine concentration of the whole brain was found to be statistically different between the HBP and LBP mouse stains that had been selectively bred for high and low systolic blood pressure, respectively. Crosses between these strains resulted in statistically different NE levels between the reciprocal F1 males and the genetical analysis revealed a significant sex-linked factor or factors. Dissection of the brain into eight regions and subsequent biochemical analyses revealed statistically higher NE content in the LBP compared to the HBP for midbrain and cerebellum. Midbrain NE was also significantly different between the reciprocal F1's. NE concentration was then related to known behavioral characteristics in these strains.
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PMID:Genetic study of norepinephrine in brains of mice selected for differences in blood pressure. 684 66

Repeat hemodynamic determinations in supine and tilting positions were performed in 23 young men with borderline hypertension (HBP). The mean duration of follow-up was 48 months. During the study 11 patients had no change in hemodynamic parameters (group II), while 12 patients exhibited significant increase in systolic (p less than 0.001) and mean (p less than 0.01) arterial pressures (BP) and in body weight (p less than 0.05) (group I). In this latter group, the initial hemodynamic pattern included supine elevations in cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) and significant increase in diastolic orthostatic BP. After follow-up, the group I primary supine increases in CO and HR were followed by secondary supine increases in total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.01) and systolic (p less than 0.001) and mean (p less than 0.01) BP with lower CO (p less than 0.05) and HR (p less than 0.001). In addition, it was shown during long-term follow-up in group I patients that : (1) the increase in systolic BP per unit age was negatively correlated with initial age (p less than 0.001), (2) the increase in BP was positively correlated with weight gain (p less than 0.05), and (3) the diastolic orthostatic hypertension disappeared. This study provides evidence that, in patients with borderline HBP having supine elevations of CO and HR, the subsequent development of sustained HBP can be expected, with follow-up observation of lower supine HR and disappearance of diastolic orthostatic hypertension accompanied by rapid weight gain.
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PMID:Prospective study of predictive factors determining borderline hypertensive individuals who develop sustained hypertension: prognostic value of increased diastolic orthostatic blood pressure tilt-test response and subsequent weight gain. 706 72

We studied the isolated blood-free perfused nonclipped kidneys from the 2-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rat model (GHR) to evaluate intrinsic excretory responses to changes in perfusion pressure. We examined kidneys from 10 control rats (in vivo systolic BP 110 +/- 3.6 mm Hg), from 9 rats with nonmalignant hypertension (HBP) (in vivo systolic BP 158 +/- 6.5 mm Hg), and from 5 rats with malignant HBP (in vivo systolic BP 183 +/- 6.4 mm Hg). We found that at all levels of perfusion pressure, the renal vascular resistances were significantly higher and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lower in kidneys from hypertensive rats than in kidneys from control rats. Kidneys from hypertensive rats had lower urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) and urine flow than kidneys from control rats at all levels of pressure above 100 mm Hg. The most striking differences in all functional parameters were noted in kidneys from rats with malignant HBP. Kidneys from both hypertensive and control rats failed to show changes in vascular resistance in response to Saralasin. We conclude that the nonclipped kidney in GHR exhibits a blunted natriuresis in response to elevated perfusion pressure which occurs in the absence of angiotensin II (AII) and renin substrate. This diminished pressure natriuresis may be caused partly by the lower GFR and by reduced pressure transmission due to greater renal vascular resistance and thus may be partially responsible for the maintenance of the hypertensive state.
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PMID:Attenuated pressure natriuresis in hypertensive rats. 706 97

Two studies of systolic time intervals (STIs) in patients with mild to moderate hypertension (HBP) revealed that no mean change in systolic intervals occurred with pindolol therapy, although some patients had significant alterations in their STIs. Pindolol responders with normal pretreatment preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) ratios had a significant increase in this ratio following pindolol therapy, whereas those with abnormal pretreatment PEP/LVET ratios had improvement in this ratio on administration of the drug. Patients on propranolol showed no change in PEP/LVET ratio. Propranolol administration slowed heart rate and lengthened Q-S2, S1-S2, and LVET, however, without altering the Q-S2 and LVET index, indicating that the changes were caused by the effect of propranolol on the heart rate alone. Chlorthalidone in high doses significantly reduced the Q-S2 index and the S1-S2 index, indicating that these changes were not caused by alteration of the heart rate. The second study suggests that STIs may provide a predictive clue for clinical response to pindolol. Patients with normal cardiac function (group I) are more likely to respond to pindolol than are those with abnormal cardiac function (group II). Directionally opposite changes in STIs in the two subgroups suggest different mechanisms for changing cardiac function. Pindolol's dual role as a beta-blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity is proposed as a possible explanation, beta-blocking effects predominating in group I and sympathomimetic activity balancing the beta effect in group II.
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PMID:Pindolol and systolic time intervals in patients with hypertension. 710 32

Ambulatory continuous ECG and arterial pressure (BP) were recorded simultaneously (Delmar Avionics Pressurometer II) for 24 hours in 13 age-matched normotensive subjects, 11 patients with borderline hypertension (HBP), and in 10 patients with uncomplicated established essential HBP. Urinary concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were simultaneously collected over four successive 4-hour periods and one 8-hour period. Prevalence and total number of ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats was low and not affected by arterial BP. Twenty-four-hour rate (HR) and 4-hourly excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were comparable between normotensive and HBP persons and no correlation between urinary catecholamines and arterial BP (systolic, diastolic, or mean), HR, or prevalence of ectopic beats was found in any of the three groups or in the total study population. We conclude that HBP patients without ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy do not have a higher prevalence of supraventricular or ventricular ectopic beats. Urinary catecholamines are not related to circadian fluctuations or variability in arterial BP, HR, or prevalence of ectopic beats.
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PMID:Diurnal variations of cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure, and urinary catecholamines in borderline and established essential hypertension. 720 Dec 33

Human serum proteins were bound on and eluted from sepharose-polylysine-histamine column. Thus obtained protein fraction was referred to as HBP (Histamine Binding Protein). HBP proteins were examined for the ability to bind histamine by biologic method applied to isolated guinea pig intestine. Chromatographic separations were run on DEAE column to obtain HBP proteins which are directly responsible for histamine binding activity. The results obtained suggest that human serum contains 3 histamine binding fractions. One of them was identified as orosomucoid, and the 2 remaining ones seem to be glycoproteids belonging to alpha 1 globulin group.
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PMID:Histamine binding proteins separated from human sera by the chromatographic method. 725 60

The present experiments were undertaken to determine the antigenicity and other toxicities of HBP; such as phototoxicity, photosensitivity, ulcerogenicity, adrogenic-myotropic, estrogenic and progestational activities, and mutagenicity. No antibody formation and delayed type skin reaction of HBP were seen in rabbits. Active systemic anaphylaxis was not observed in guinea pigs challenged by HBP. In the phototoxicity and photosensitivity test, 0.1% HBP ointment, 0.1% HBP cream and 10% HBP acetone solution did not show any skin reaction with or without irradiation of ultraviolet light. Repeated subcutaneous administration of HBP irritated the gastric and intestinal mucosa dose dependently in rats as hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and betamethasone 17-valerate (BV). HBP had neither androgenic-myotropic nor estrogenic activity, but antiestrogenic activity was observed. The progestational activity of HBP in immature rabbit pretreated with estrone was less potent than BV. In the mutagenicity test os HBP investigated by the reverse mutation according to the method by Ames, no significant increase in the number of revertants was observed in the presence or absence of S9 mixture.
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PMID:[Studies on antigenicity, phototoxicity and other specific toxicities of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP) (author's transl)]. 731 Sep 31

Wheat basic/leucine zipper protein HBP-1a(17) binds in vitro specifically to ACGT motif-containing cis-acting elements, such as the type I element of plant histone promoters and the G-box of hormone- and light-inducible promoters. To address the in vivo function of HBP-1a(17), we isolated and structurally analyzed the HBP-1a(17) gene and examined its expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The HBP-1a(17) gene is composed of 14 exons; the basic region and leucine zipper are encoded by separate small exons, as is the case for other bZIP protein genes. The G-box of the HBP-1a(17) promoter bound specifically to HBP-1a(17) and its related HBP-1a isoforms, suggesting that the HBP-1a(17) gene may be autoregulated, although the binding affinity of these proteins in vitro is very low. In Arabidopsis plants, activation of the HBP-1a(17) promoter was highly restricted to photosynthetically active mesophyll, and guard cells and vascular bundles of vegetative leaves. Etiolation of transgenic plants resulted in inhibition of expression of the HBP-1a(17) promoter. Indeed, the HBP-1a(17) promoter contains several sequence elements homologous to cis-acting elements conserved in light-inducible promoters. It is, therefore, assumed that the HBP-1a(17) gene is light regulated and that HBP-1a(17) is involved in light-responsive gene transcription via the G-box.
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PMID:Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of the gene for the wheat basic/leucine zipper protein HBP-1a(17) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. 747 57


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