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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure through sodium-water homoeostasis. Accordingly, several investigators have raised the question of whether the gene encoding ANP is involved in the aetiology of essential hypertension or related phenotypes such as salt sensitivity. Most of the studies have used anonymous polymorphic markers of the gene, and made inconclusive claims about the disease relevance of ANP. Therefore, in order to find sequence variations with potential functional significance and to characterize the pattern of linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms, we screened a 3368-bp genomic fragment of ANP. Subsequently we tested the association of detected polymorphisms with plasma ANP levels and with hypertension status. Two new polymorphisms were identified, in the 5'-untranslated region and exon 1 respectively, as well as three previously reported polymorphisms in intron 2 and exon 3. When analysed in 102 healthy normotensive subjects, none of the polymorphisms appeared to significantly affect plasma ANP levels. A case-control study in a Japanese population (255 hypertensive and 225 normotensive individuals) revealed a marginally significant association (P=0.026) between an ANP polymorphism located in the 5'-untranslated region (C-664G) and hypertension, but no association for the other polymorphisms. Each of the uncommon variants has an allele frequency of less than 10% in Japanese people, which may have hampered our detection of a significant association between ANP variants and hypertension status (and plasma ANP levels). The pathophysiological relevance of ANP, however, needs to be further defined in relation to hypertension-associated phenotypes, and also should be examined in different ethnic groups.
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PMID:Genetic analysis of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene in essential hypertension. 1067 82

Non-pharmacological methods of intervention are often used as individual or complementary forms of antihypertensive therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the level of compliance and acceptance of some life-style modifications in patients with hypertension. 432 hypertensive patients participated in the study. The study consisted of filling in anonymous questionnaires, taking blood pressure, height and weight measurements. Different approaches of nonpharmacological treatment of hypertension are accepted in differing degree. Life-style modifications and blood pressure self-monitoring should be an integral part of antihypertensive-treatment-programme.
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PMID:[Some aspects of non-pharmacologic treatment of hypertension]. 1069 63

Evaluation of patients' compliance is very important considering possible influence on the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment. The adherence to the rules of pharmacological therapy was assessed by anonymous questionnaires. 414 patients with hypertension participated in the study. Non-compliance is one of the commonest therapeutic problems. Forgetting is the most frequent reason of irregular administration of medicine.
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PMID:[The evaluation of hypertensive patients' adherence to the pharmacological treatment of hypertension]. 1074 94

Doctors' and medical students' attitude to the primary prevention of hypertension is important, as this community is responsible for medical education. The level of acceptance for some antihypertensive strategies was assessed in 180 doctors and 300 medical students (263 women and 217 men). The study consisted of reading and filling the anonymous questionnaires. The necessity of primary prevention of hypertension in absolutely essential in medical education.
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PMID:[Primary prevention of essential hypertension among doctors and medical students]. 1080 24

The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons attending a community health fair had different health concerns and booth visitation patterns based on their risk factor profiles. All fairgoers were encouraged to complete an anonymous survey of demographic information, top 4 health concerns, and selected cardiac risk factors. Over the five-hour duration of the fair, 329 surveys were collected from about 450 fairgoers. There were no exclusion criteria for the survey. The fair was sponsored by the Maryland Chapter of the American College of Physicians, organized by medical students from the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University, and included 23 booths on a variety of health topics. Older fairgoers and fairgoers with a self-reported history of high blood pressure or elevated cholesterol showed an increased interest in hypertension and heart disease (p < 0.05). Older fairgoers also showed an increased interest in health topics related to aging, such as estrogen replacement therapy and geriatric medicine. Older, hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic fairgoers visited an increased mean number of total booths when compared to other respondents (p < 0.05). Most booths reported a higher percentage of older, hypertensive, and hypercholesterolemic visitors than the overall percentage of fairgoers who reported these risk factors. These results suggest that booth visitation patterns of health fair participants may be viewed as a deliberate attempt by at risk populations to access health information particular to their needs.
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PMID:Older, hypertensive, and hypercholesterolemic fairgoers visit more booths and differ in their health concerns at a community health fair. 1094 95

Decreased renal function is often a complication of hypertension. Although it has been suggested that the response of the kidney to hypertension has an underlying genetic component, there is limited information suggesting that specific genetic regions or candidate genes contribute to the variability in creatinine clearance, a commonly used measure of kidney function. As part of the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) study, creatinine clearance measurements were assessed in a large biracial sample of hypertensive siblings (466 African American subjects and 634 white subjects in 215 and 265 sibships, respectively). All participants were hypertensive before the age of 60 years, and the mean age of the siblings was 52 years among the African American subjects and 61 years among the white subjects. Two residual models were created for creatinine clearance: a minimally adjusted model (which included age and age(2)) and a fully adjusted model (which included age, age(2), lean body mass, pulse rate, pulse pressure, hormone-replacement therapy, educational status, and physical activity). Standardized residuals were calculated separately for men and women in both racial groups. The heritability of the residual creatinine clearance was 17% and 18% among the African American and white subjects, respectively. We conducted multipoint variance components linkage analysis using GENEHUNTER2 and 387 anonymous markers (Cooperative Human Linkage Center screening set 8). The best evidence for linkage in African American subjects was found on chromosome 3 (LOD = 3.61 at 214.6 cM, 3q27) with the fully adjusted model, and the best evidence in white subjects was found on chromosome 3 (LOD = 3.36 at 115.1 cM) with the minimally adjusted model. Positional candidate genes that are contained in and around the region on chromosome 3 (214.6 cM) that may contribute to renal function include enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH) and apolipoprotein D (ApoD). These findings suggest there may be genetic regions related to the variability of creatinine clearance among hypertensive individuals.
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PMID:A genome scan for renal function among hypertensives: the HyperGEN study. 1206 77

This article describes the implementation and utilization of a continuous quality improvement (CQI) program in the identification, analysis, and correction of a rate-based event in anesthesia, in this case, intraoperative hypertension. A CQI program was implemented based on voluntary, handwritten, anonymous reports of intraoperative and postanesthesia care unit events. This CQI program detected a high incidence of intraoperative hypertension, indicated major causal factors, suggested a set of corrective measures, and allowed for measurement of their efficacy.
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PMID:Using rate-based events to improve clinical practice. 1118 54

Impaired left ventricular (LV) contractility is a major cause of cardiovascular death, especially congestive heart failure. The identification of susceptibility genes that contribute to impaired LV contractility may uncover mechanisms underlying LV contractile impairment and the development of congestive heart failure. The Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) collected echocardiographic measurements of myocardial contractility in a large biethnic sample of hypertensive siblings (390 blacks and 398 whites in 179 and 165 sibships, respectively). All participants expressed hypertension before age 60 years, and the mean age of siblings was 52 years in blacks and 61 years in whites. We adjusted myocardial contractility for gender, age, and age(2), and we calculated standardized residuals separately for men and women in both ethnic groups. We conducted multipoint variance components linkage analysis using GENEHUNTER2 and 387 anonymous markers (CHCL8 marker set). We found evidence for significant linkage to a microsatellite marker, D11S1993 (lod, 3.93 in blacks), approximately 54 cM from the tip of the short arm of chromosome 11, that accounted for 72% of the phenotypic variation in LV contractility. A chromosome 22 locus showed suggestive evidence for linkage (lod, 2.83 in whites and 1.15 in blacks). The chromosome 11 peak coincides with the region containing myosin-binding protein C. Mutations in this gene are linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Our results show strong evidence for linkage of a region of chromosome 11 with LV contractility in blacks and suggest that an important gene for impaired LV contractility is harbored in this region.
Hypertension 2001 Oct
PMID:Linkage of left ventricular contractility to chromosome 11 in humans: The HyperGEN Study. 1164 Dec 84

While mechanisms are poorly understood, resting heart rate has been shown to be a strong predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. We performed a genome scan for quantitative trait loci influencing the resting heart rate among 962 Caucasians and 1,124 African-Americans in the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN), a multi-center study of genetic and environmental factors related to hypertension. The NHLBI Mammalian Genotyping Service typed a total of 391 anonymous microsatellite markers, spaced roughly equally throughout the genome. Within each race and sex, heart rate was adjusted for covariates, including age, age(2), study center, body mass index, beta-blocker use, alcohol consumption, smoking, number of city blocks walked per day, and number of hours watching television. Genome scans were performed using variance component linkage analysis as implemented by GENEHUNTER (version 2) for each race, using race-specific marker allele frequencies derived from random samples. The highest lod score detected in Caucasians was 2.14 on chromosome 4 (at 195.06 cM); a lod score of 1.14 was found at the same locus among the African-Americans, and a lod score of 3.18 resulted when the two racial groups were combined. Evidence was also found on chromosome 10 to support a recent report of an association between heart rate and the beta1 adrenergic receptor. The suggestive evidence for linkage found on chromosome 4 in both Caucasian and African-American hypertensive sib pairs indicates that further investigation on that region may be warranted to locate a gene influencing variability in resting heart rate.
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PMID:Evidence for a gene influencing heart rate on chromosome 4 among hypertensives. 1218 95

In a prospective, blind study of 183 unselected women attending for routine booking scan with a singleton pregnancy at 16-24 weeks' gestation, uteroplacental resistance index, and peripheral levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, Schwangerswaft protein, pregnancy-associated placental protein A and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 1 were measured. High levels of alpha-fetoprotein and IGF 1 binding protein 1 (> 90th centile) were associated with small-for-gestational age babies (< 10th centile) (sensitivity 24% and 22%; specificity 90% and 91%). High levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated placental protein A (> 90th centile) were associated with one or more of three severe complications of pregnancy: very small-for-gestational age (< 3rd centile), severe proteinuric hypertension or intrauterine death (sensitivity 20%, 20% and 57%; specificity 90%, 95% and 91%, respectively). A uteroplacental resistance index > 90th centile was also associated with small-for-gestational age and severe complications (sensitivity 24% and 50%, specificity 90% and 90%). A combination of resistance index and a placental function test improved the prediction for a group of patients that included any complications (sensitivity 31% and specificity 89%). Doppler ultrasound was a more efficient predictor than individual placental function tests but screening predictions can be improved by combining Doppler parameters and placental protein estimations. Combinations of placental function tests might provide equivalent, or complementary, information. This preliminary work demonstrates the potential value of combining biophysical and biochemical tests to predict complications of pregnancy.
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PMID:Early prediction of uteroplacental complications of pregnancy using Doppler ultrasound, placental function tests and combination testing. 1279 32


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