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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interaction between angiotensin II (AII) and synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on the sympathetic nervous system and ACTH secretion was examined in unanesthetized, freely moving rats. Centrally administered AII (100 ng/2 microliters) caused hypertension with elevation of the plasma epinephrine level. Central administration of ANP (3 micrograms/3 microliters, 10 micrograms/3 microliters) attenuated central AII-induced pressor response and plasma epinephrine elevation. Furthermore, central AII stimulated ACTH secretion, and ANP reduced the ACTH secretion induced by AII. These results show that ANP attenuates the central AII-induced pressor response at least partially by suppressing sympathetic nervous activity, and ANP regulates ACTH secretion at the hypothalamic level.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic polypeptide attenuates central angiotensin II-induced catecholamine and ACTH secretion. 255 15

The cardiac content and plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in hypertensive rats were measured by using radioimmunoassay for ANP. The animals used in this study were young (5-week-old) and adult (12- to 14-week-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHR-SP) and normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Most immunoreactive ANP in the cardiac extract of the hypertensive rats (both SHR and SHR-SP) was found to be predominantly gamma-form as well as that of WKY. Cardiac ANP content in adult SHR and SHR-SP was significantly lower than in adult WKY (p less than 0.01), although there were no differences among three groups in young rats. Similar tendencies were also observed for plasma ANP concentration. The level of plasma in adult hypertensive rats was significantly lower or tended to be lower than in adult normotensive rats. Furthermore, a high negative correlation was present between blood pressure and cardiac ANP content (r = 0.748, p less than 0.01) and between blood pressure and plasma ANP concentration (r = 0.608, p less than 0.01) in all adult rats but there were no such relationships in young rats. The present study suggests that atrial natriuretic polypeptide may contribute to the pathogenesis or maintenance of high blood pressure in the genetic hypertensive rats.
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PMID:Cardiac content and plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 293 41

This study compared atrial and plasma concentrations of immunoreactive alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (i alpha-rANP) in rats given tap water (control), a 1% saline solution (salt), deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and DOCA plus 1% saline solution (DOCA-salt) after 1 and 8 weeks of treatment. DOCA (100 mg/kg) was given by implanting a piece of silicon rubber impregnated with DOCA subcutaneously. Atrial i alpha-rANP increased, while plasma i alpha-rANP decreased with time in all groups. Atrial concentration of i alpha-rANP was significantly lower in the DOCA-salt group than in the other groups at 1 week, and was reduced in the DOCA and DOCA-salt groups as compared to the control group at 8 weeks. On the other hand, plasma concentration of i alpha-rANP was significantly higher in the DOCA and the DOCA-salt groups than in the control group at 1 week; the DOCA and DOCA-salt group values were also higher than the control and salt group values at 8 weeks. Atrial concentration of i alpha-rANP was inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure in the all rats at 1 week (r = 0.48, p less than 0.001) and at 8 weeks (r = 0.33, p less than 0.05). Plasma concentration of i alpha-rANP was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure at 8 weeks (r = 0.37, p less than 0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between plasma/atrial ratio of i alpha-rANP concentration and systolic blood pressure at either stage (r = 0.41, p less than 0.01 at 1 week; r = 0.40, p less than 0.01 at 8 weeks). Thus, it seems likely that the release of ANPs is increased in response to expansion of extracellular fluid volume or elevation of blood pressure, modifying the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats.
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PMID:Increased release of atrial natriuretic polypeptides in rats with DOCA-salt hypertension. 293 87

The relationship between circulating atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and blood pressure was studied in inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and inbred Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats. Two month old S and R rats raised on normal rat chow had only small differences in blood pressure and no difference in plasma ANP levels. In contrast, when 6-month-old rats also raised on normal chow were studied, S had markedly elevated blood pressure and a 4 fold increase in plasma ANP compared to R. Similar strain differences in blood pressure and plasma ANP could be induced in young rats by feeding them diets high in salt. In six week old S and R rats which had been fed high salt diet for 3 weeks the S rats showed higher blood pressure and plasma ANP than R rats. The high plasma ANP levels seen in the hypertensive S rats were interpreted to be a response to hypertension and not a cause of hypertension. There was no qualitative strain difference in the plasma ANP molecule as assessed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography.
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PMID:Elevated atrial natriuretic polypeptide in plasma of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. 294 43

To elucidate the pathophysiological role of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the brain in hypertension, the tissue concentrations and contents of alpha-rat ANP-like immunoreactivity (alpha-rANP-Ll) in the hypothalamus and septum of 4-week or 18-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied using a radio-immunoassay (RIA) for alpha-rANP and compared with those of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The concentration and content of alpha-rANP-Ll in these regions of both 4-week and 18-week-old SHR were significantly higher that those of WKY (P less than 0.05). High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the RIA showed that the gel filtration profile of alpha-rANP-Ll in SHR was essentially identical to that of WKY. Since the hypothalamus and septum are known to be critical areas for water and electrolyte balance, and blood pressure control, these results suggest that ANP plays a pathophysiological role in these brain regions of SHR.
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PMID:Increased tissue level of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the hypothalamus and septum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 294 28

In order to investigate the pathophysiological role of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in genetic hypertensive rats, the atrial content and plasma concentration of ANP were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rat ANP in 5-, 10- and 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and compared to age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Atrial content of immunoreactive ANP (ir-ANP) tended to be higher in SHR and was already significantly higher in SHRSP than in WKY at 5 weeks of age. Atrial content in the hypertensive strains became significantly higher than in WKY when hypertension developed at 10 and 20 weeks. On the other hand, plasma ir-ANP in SHR was significantly lower than in WKY at 5 weeks, however, it became significantly higher in both SHR and SHRSP than in WKY at 10 and 20 weeks. These findings suggest that ANP release may increase to compensate for the elevation of blood pressure in SHR and SHRSP and that biosynthesis of ANP may be concomitantly stimulated, resulting in an increase in atrial ANP.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the development of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP). 295 Aug 61

To investigate the significance of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in essential hypertension, we measured plasma ANP concentrations in 43 subjects with essential hypertension uncomplicated by cardiac or renal failure, in 16 subjects with borderline hypertension, and in 17 normotensive control subjects. Plasma ANP levels were significantly higher in hypertensive subjects compared to borderline hypertensive subjects (p less than 0.05) and normotensive control subjects (p less than 0.05). Hypertensive subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) had higher plasma ANP levels than the hypertensive group as a whole (p less than 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between mean blood pressure and plasma ANP level in the hypertensive group (n = 43, gamma = 0.77, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, plasma ANP level was decreased significantly after 4 weeks of effective antihypertensive therapy compared with the initial value (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that plasma ANP is frequently elevated in hypertensive subjects with markedly high blood pressure or LVH, and it can be reduced by effective therapy with antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Circulating atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential hypertension. 295 20

Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was applied to 16 clinical patients, 6 patients with essential hypertension, 7 patients with congestive heart failure and 3 patients with cirrhosis. Following intravenous bolus injection of 400 micrograms of synthetic alpha-hANP, a hypotensive effect of very rapid onset was found, which was more potent in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive cases. Cardiac functions were improved significantly with a similar time course as the depressor response in the cases of heart failure or hypertension. Hemodynamic observations showed a marked increase in cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, ejection fraction and ejection rate, and a concomitant decrease of the pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation in these subjects. In addition, the renal response to alpha-hANP induced obvious increases in urine volume, electrolytes and creatinine excretions in all the subjects. Finally, plasma levels of aldosterone, Arg-vasopressin and noradrenaline were also altered by alpha-hANP. No significant side effects were registered. The above result confirms the therapeutic actions of alpha-hANP in human subjects and opens the possibility to research alpha-hANP as a powerful pharmacological tool as well as potential new medicine for human disorders.
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PMID:Therapeutic actions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in 16 clinical cases. 295 43

To elucidate the posttranslational processing of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (human atrial natriuretic factor-[1-126]), which is a prohormone of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (human atrial natriuretic factor-[99-126]), and the secretion of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-derived peptides from the heart, we established a radioimmunoassay specific for the N-terminal sequence of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25), as well as a radioimmunoassay for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. With the aid of the radioimmunoassays for gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25) and for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, we detected 290 +/- 35.6 pg/ml of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity in plasma from healthy humans, while the simultaneously determined plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity level was 20.9 +/- 2.8 pg/ml. Correlation between the two values was significant. High performance gel permeation chromatographic analysis revealed that the plasma gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity was composed of a component (molecular weight, 10,000) without alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity, while the plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was composed of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide with a molecular weight of 3000. In patients with heart diseases, the plasma gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity level showed a concomitant and graded increase, with the plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity level in agreement with the severity of the disease. There were significant positive correlations between the two immunoreactivity levels and right or left atrial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1988 Feb
PMID:Secretion of N-terminal fragment of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. 296 4

Tissue levels of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and ANP messenger RNA (mRNA) in the atrium and ventricle were measured simultaneously in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its substrain, SHR-stroke prone (SHRSP), and these levels were compared with those in control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). At 27 weeks of age with established hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy, ANPmRNA levels in ventricles from SHR and SHRSP were markedly increased, and total contents of ventricular ANPmRNA in SHR and SHRSP were approximately 50% and 250%, respectively, of the corresponding atrial contents. However, levels and total contents of atrial ANPmRNA in SHR and SHRSP were similar to those of WKY, and the total content of ventricular ANPmRNA in WKY was only 6% of the content of atrial ANPmRNA. ANP concentrations in ventricles of SHR and SHRSP were increased in association with the augmentation of ANPmRNA levels. During the prehypertensive stage at 6 weeks of age, slight increases in levels and total contents of ANPmRNA and ANP in the ventricle were observed only in SHRSP. These results demonstrate that the expression of the ANP gene is markedly augmented in ventricles of SHR and SHRSP, especially of SHRSP, at the stage of established hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy, and they also suggest that these genetically hypertensive rats are one of the best animal models to investigate the biosynthesis, storage, and secretion of ventricular ANP.
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PMID:Augmented expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide gene in ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and SHR-stroke prone. 296 15


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