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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A radioimmunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is described and normal ranges for both maternal serum and in amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy are defined. Maternal serum AFP levels in at risk pregnancies were found to be no different from those in normal pregnancies. AFP levels in pregnancies complicated by neural tube and other congenital defects, fetal death or maternal hypertension are documented. Eight patients with a fetus deformed by anencephaly or an open spina bifida were tested before 22 weeks; seven of them had raised serum AFP levels. Other causes of raised serum AFP levels are described and the significance of a raised serum AFP level is discussed with particular reference to screening programmes.
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PMID:The significance of raised maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. 6 86

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy implicate placental pathologic conditions, which may interfere with the normal passage of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to the maternal blood. We compared the levels of maternal serum (MS) in early second trimester of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders with those of matched controls. The distribution in the study group of MS-AFP multiple of median values was significantly different from the distribution in the control group. Moreover, up to multiple of the median 1.00, the number of hypertensive patients was larger than the number of normotensive pregnant women. The mean level of multiples of the median in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p value = 0.003, 95% confidence interval: -0.30, -0.05). In the analysis of the distinct types of hypertension, the difference remained significant for 85 women in the moderate hypertension subgroup (p value = 0.032, confidence interval: -0.34, -0.02) and was not significant for the severe hypertension subgroup of 22 women (p value = 0.24, 95% confidence interval: -0.57, 0.15) and chronic hypertension subgroup of women (p value = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: -0.44, 0.00). The trend was consistent in all the subgroups. Relatively low values of maternal serum AFP at early second trimester of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders may be a result of placental pathologic involvement and can help in the identification of the women at risk.
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PMID:Relatively reduced values of plasma alpha-fetoprotein at early second trimester of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders. 138 20

The value of determination of maternal serum of alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) concentration in the second trimester is well established. In addition to open neural tube defects, pregnancies associated with elevated second-trimester MSAFP have been shown to be at increased risk for a variety of problems, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). We evaluated the potential usefulness of MSAFP in the early third trimester. MSAFP concentration was determined in over 200 women at the time of glucose screening. Results were analysed with regard to gestational age at sampling, maternal weight, race, diabetes, and presence of twins. MSAFP was twice as high in twin gestation, but not affected by race or the presence of diabetes. In contrast to levels in early gestation, third-trimester MSAFP does not appear to be predictive of preterm delivery, low birth weight, or PIH.
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PMID:The value of early third-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. 169 98

Twenty-two of approximately 450 high-risk pregnancies referred to a regional center for a level II sonographic examination after 20 weeks' gestation were characterized by absent or reversed diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Ten fetuses had congenital malformations or were aneuploid. Ten were growth-retarded in association with other problems: maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, cyanotic heart disease, elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, or twin gestation. In two cases, no etiology could be identified. Knowledge of the fetal karyotype, fetal anatomy, gestational age, maternal disease, and fetal status as determined by other tests of fetal well-being was required to optimize outcome in each case. In view of the heterogeneous etiologies of absent or reversed diastolic flow, management of such cases must be individualized.
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PMID:Diverse maternal and fetal pathology associated with absent diastolic flow in the umbilical artery of high-risk fetuses. 199 2

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody-adriamycin via the hepatic artery with induced hypertension by angiotensin II. A minor response was achieved (from 13.5 X 9.0 cm to 10.5 X 7.5 cm) and serum AFP decreased from 310,000 ng/ml to 26,000 ng/ml. The patient has been doing well during a follow-up period of one year. This result suggests that targeting chemotherapy used for each drug delivery system would be more effective if combined with two or more similar modalities.
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PMID:[Combination of missile-induced hypertensive intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 242 34

Pregnancy outcome was followed in 123 women showing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, less than or equal to 0.50 MOM. In 28 cases AFP was secondarily considered as normal either after ultrasonography and correction of gestation age or after a second sample normal result. In 95 cases AFP level was confirmed lowered; perinatal outcome was normal in 70 cases and abnormal in 25. Among these 25 cases, 3 autosomal trisomies occurred, 2 trisomies 18 and 1 trisomy 21; in the 22 other cases, we observed antepartum risk factors (10 cases with impending premature labor or premature labor, 9 cases with chronic hypertension, 2 cases with Ag HBs hepatitis and 1 case with diabetes).
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PMID:[Results of pregnancies characterized by a decrease in the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the maternal blood]. 246 77

We investigated the relationship between hypertension and breast cancer using data from a large case-control study of women younger than 55 years. Among nulliparous women, there was little evidence of an association between hypertension and breast cancer. Among parous women, hypertension reduced the risk of breast cancer if it had been diagnosed at any time in their lives before the end of the most recent pregnancy (odds ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval = 0.59-0.92). Several earlier studies indicate that there is an association between hypertension during pregnancy and elevated levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal exposure to alpha-fetoprotein during pregnancy protects women against the subsequent occurrence of breast cancer.
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PMID:Hypertension, pregnancy, and risk of breast cancer. 247 55

Fifty-four pregnant patients referred for nonstress testing with findings suggestive of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were followed with serial biochemical determinations and ultrasound evaluations. Confirmation of IUGR was made in 18 of the neonates based on body weights below the 10th percentile. Stepwise discriminate function analysis was used to determine the factors most predictive of IUGR among several clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound parameters as well as their combinations. Only the determinations closest to the time of delivery were used in analysis. The presence of abnormal fetal ultrasound measurements had the highest predictive value. Prepregnancy weight improved the prediction slightly with a proportion of correct predictions increasing from 70 to 74%. Only the extremes of prepregnancy weight altered the prediction made on the basis of ultrasound. In contrast, no significant predictive value was demonstrated for weight gain, heavy cigarette smoking, hypertension, serum estriol, human placental lactogen, alpha-fetoprotein, or a decrease in amniotic fluid volume, either singly or in combination with other variables.
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PMID:The use of clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound parameters for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation. 330 Jun 70

A case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing primary intracranial embryonal carcinoma was reported with special reference to the chemotherapy. The patient was a 14-year-old male who had suffered from vomiting and disturbance of consciousness. CT scan revealed a tumor originating in the anterior part of the third ventricle and expanding into both lateral ventricles. Right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and the tumor was totally removed under the microscope. The histological diagnosis was embryonal carcinoma. Inspite of the elevated amount of AFP in the serum, we could not verify the yolk sac element in the surgical specimen. Three months later, he became drowsy and another CT scan revealed recurrence of the tumor. Ommaya's reservoir was placed and CSF was drained to control the intracranial hypertension. But the disturbance of consciousness did not improve. We then started a combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin. Cis-platinum was given in a dosage of 20 mg/m2 body surface area as a 15 min. intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks for three courses. Vinblastine was given in a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg body weight intravenously for 2 consecutive days every 3 weeks for three courses. Bleomycin was given in a dosage of 30 mg intravenously 6 hours after vinblastine weekly for a total of 12 weeks. The AFP level of the serum and CSF was monitored every several days. After the chemotherapy, the AFP level of the serum and CSF decreased. Repeated CT scan revealed no evidence of tumor. His clinical condition improved remarkably. Toxicity was vomiting, proteinuria and leukopenia, but not so severe. Proteinuria continued after the chemotherapy, but BUN and creatinine did not elevate. It was emphasized that the combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin is effective remission-induction treatment for AFP producing primary intracranial embryonal carcinoma.
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PMID:[A case of alpha-fetoprotein producing primary intracranial embryonal carcinoma treated with combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin (author's transl)]. 616 18

Twenty four women with severe pre-eclampsia diagnosed before 34 weeks' gestation were compared with 48 randomly selected controls matched for age and parity. Subjects were studied in the puerperium using a questionnaire, clinical examination, and review of case records. A history of infertility, headaches (particularly migraine), pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or a raised serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration at the time of screening for neural tube defect in the index pregnancy were all identified as significant risk factors in the pre-eclamptic women. Maternal age, a history of chronic hypertension or renal disease, or excessive maternal weight were not significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Almost all the infants of pre-eclamptic women showed retarded growth: 18 were below the 10th centile and only one weighed more than the 25th centile. Four babies died. These observations indicate that pre-eclampsia of early onset may differ from the late onset disease not only in its very high perinatal morbidity and mortality but in its distinctive maternal risk factors.
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PMID:Case-control study of severe pre-eclampsia of early onset. 641 Dec 32


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