Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A closed loop closed batch dialysate delivery system was used to determine whether Na or K has an action on the renin-angiotensin system apart from volume changes. Twenty-eight patients on chronic haemodialysis were studied, 12 (group I) were normotensive and 16 (group II) had poorly controlled hypertension. Acute Na depletion or repletion (delta NA), AND K loss (delta K) were induced with or without net water loss. Net electrolyte and water movement across the dialysis membrane could be precisely quantitated.
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PMID:Effect of acute sodium or potassium depletion on plasma renin activity in haemodialysed patients. 99 Mar 87

The Baltimore Church High Blood Pressure Program (CHBPP) offers a behaviorally oriented weight control program consisting of eight weekly 2-h diet counseling/exercise sessions. Pre- and post-program weight and blood pressure measurements were analyzed for 184 black and 3 white women aged 18-81 years (mean 51) who participated in the program in 1984-1986: 88 were taking antihypertensive medication (Rx) and 99 were not (no Rx). Mean weight loss was 6 lb in both groups: -18 to +7 lb in the Rx group and -31 to +3 lb in the no Rx group. The mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) decrease was 10/6 mmHg in the Rx group and 5/3 mmHg in the no Rx group (P < 0.001 for all pre/post comparisons). Final SBP was < 140 mmHg for 74% of participants, versus 52% initially. Final DBP was < 90 mmHg in 92% versus 65% initially. Supporting the inference that BP decreases among weight control program participants reflect program effects, percent changes in SBP and DBP (week 2 to week 8) were significantly correlated with percent change in weight (rs = 0.23-0.36; P < 0.05). Comparison data for 25 women from the CHBPP population showed a mean SBP/DBP increase of 8/2 mmHg over an 8-week interval. Based on follow up measurements 6 months after the end of the 8-week program for 74 of the 187 women, weight lost during the 8-week program was maintained or exceeded by 65%. Net weight change at 8 months from baseline for women in the follow up subsample ranged from -28 to +4 lb; mean (SD) -6 (7) lb. Weight loss and related dietary or behavioral changes resulting from participation in a weight control program can enhance blood pressure control among black women.
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PMID:Lose weight and win: a church-based weight loss program for blood pressure control among black women. 129 45

We investigated the regional balance of endothelin-1 across the renal and leg vascular bed as well as the hemodynamic effects of exogenously administered endothelin-1 in six healthy men. Net regional endothelin-1 balance was calculated from the respective arteriovenous differences in plasma concentrations and the corresponding plasma flow, the latter being determined by para-aminohippurate or indocyanine-green dye using appropriate catheter techniques. During constant intravenous (i.v.) infusion of endothelin-1 (0.4 pmol/kg/min), a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) and a decrease in heart rate (p less than 0.01) were observed. In contrast, no significant changes in leg hemodynamics were noted. Renal plasma flow decreased by approximately 30%, and renal vascular resistance increased by 50% as compared with the control (placebo) period (p less than 0.01). Renin plasma concentrations did not change substantially during endothelin-1 infusion. During the control (placebo) period, arterial endothelin-1 plasma concentrations averaged 2.1 +/- 1.0 pM. An equilibrated peptide balance across the leg and a slight renal uptake of endothelin-1 was observed. After endothelin-1 infusion, arterial plasma concentrations of the peptide increased to 4.9 +/- 1.3 pM (p less than 0.01), and a net overall renal and limb uptake of endothelin-1 accounted for approximately 9 and 6% of the infused endothelin-1 amount, respectively. Results showed that at systemic endothelin-1 plasma concentrations, comparable to those which occur in a variety of pathologic conditions such as hypertension or cardiogenic shock, besides pulmonary clearance, renal and limb uptake of the peptide may also contribute to the short half-life (t1/2) of endothelin-1 in humans.
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PMID:Regional hemodynamic effects and clearance of endothelin-1 in humans: renal and peripheral tissues may contribute to the overall disposal of the peptide. 137 85

The effect of progressive increases in intraluminal glucose concentration on proximal tubule sodium absorption was studied in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats by microperfusion. Each tubule was perfused twice, with and without glucose added to the perfusion fluid. Net sodium and water absorption were markedly enhanced by 300-500 mg% intraluminal glucose in both normal and diabetic rats. Substituting the transported but nonmetabolized glucose analogue, alpha-methyl D-glucoside for glucose also resulted in marked stimulation of sodium absorption, whereas substituting bicarbonate and acetate for chloride in the perfusion solution inhibited the effect of glucose. These observations suggest that the stimulation of sodium absorption by glucose was mediated by the brush border Na/glucose cotransporter. Sodium concentration and osmolality were found to fall markedly to hypotonic levels when high glucose concentrations were in the perfusion fluid. This luminal hypotonicity may be an important driving force for proximal fluid absorption. In poorly controlled diabetes, high filtered glucose concentrations may lead to enhanced proximal sodium and water absorption, which could in turn contribute to volume expansion, hypertension, and renal hypertrophy.
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PMID:Progressive increases in luminal glucose stimulate proximal sodium absorption in normal and diabetic rats. 236 20

A 5-year trial involving 201 men and women with high-normal blood pressure at baseline demonstrated the ability to reduce the incidence of hypertension in participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic intervention compared with a control group. The incidence of hypertension was 8.8% among 102 intervention group participants vs 19.2% among 99 control group members. The odds ratio for the incidence of hypertension in the control group was 2.4. Mean trial blood pressure also was lower in the intervention compared with the control group (-1.2 and -1.9 mm Hg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure at work-site and office visits and -1.3 and -2.0 mm Hg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure at the two sites). Net weight loss in the intervention group averaged 2.7 kg during the trial; sodium intake was reduced by 25% and reported alcohol intake decreased by 30%. The majority of intervention participants also reported an increase in physical activity. Effect on blood pressure was related particularly to degree of weight loss. Results indicate that even a moderate reduction in risk factors for hypertension among hypertension-prone individuals contributes to the primary prevention of the disease.
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PMID:Primary prevention of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means. Final report of a randomized, controlled trial. 277 13

We studied the effect of hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily, on Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the red cells of 10 black men with hypertension. We also examined net sodium and potassium movement in sodium-loaded, potassium-depleted, red cells. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a significant increase in mean ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity (+/- SEM) from 118.4 +/- 14.6 to 158.1 +/- 15.3 nmol phosphate released per milligram of protein (P = 0.0004). Ouabain-resistant ATPase did not change. Net sodium extrusion rose significantly, from 1.62 +/- 0.27 to 2.32 +/- 0.33 mmol/L/hr (P = 0.0275). We postulate that the enhanced activity of the Na,K pump results from the volume contraction induced by the diuretic. This interpretation is consistent with the concept that the Na,K pump is inhibited in volume expansion and volume-expanded hypertension. The finding of enhanced pump activity in subjects given treatment with hydrochlorothiazide suggests a possible mechanism of the antihypertensive action of diuretic therapy.
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PMID:Effect of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide on the red cell Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase in men with hypertension. 282 24

beta-Human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (beta-hANP) is an antiparallel dimer of alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) that was isolated from human atria. Using synthetic beta-hANP and a radioimmunoassay for alpha-hANP that also detects beta-hANP, we have previously demonstrated that beta-hANP is converted into alpha-hANP in human plasma in vitro. In the present study, we compared the effects of intravenous administration of beta-hANP (100 micrograms) to five normal human volunteers with those of an equimolar administration of alpha-hANP (50 micrograms) to the same subjects, and we also investigated the possible mechanisms of actions of beta-hANP. Although the administration of alpha-hANP caused a significant decrease in blood pressure with a reactional increase of heart rate, beta-hANP elicited minimal change of blood pressure. In contrast, beta-hANP exerted more potent and longer lasting diuretic and natriuretic activities than did alpha-hANP. Net changes in urine volume and sodium excretion induced by beta-hANP (579 +/- 65 ml, 56.0 +/- 9.9 mEq) were significantly greater than those elicited by alpha-hANP (396 +/- 50 ml, 34.7 +/- 4.9 mEq; p less than 0.05, respectively). The administration of beta-hANP revealed a longer retention of the ANP-like immunoreactivity level in plasma, compared with that of alpha-hANP. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the radioimmunoassay revealed that beta-hANP (Mr = 6000) was also converted into alpha-hANP (Mr = 3000) in human plasma in vivo. The demonstrated conversion of beta-hANP into alpha-hANP could be relevant to the observed effects of beta-hANP in humans.
Hypertension 1988 Jun
PMID:Effects of intravenously administered beta-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in humans. 296 53

Intestinal calcium transport rate and response to treatment with a vitamin D agonist [24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, F2-1,25-(OH)2D3)] were studied in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat-Wistar Kyoto (WKy) rat model of hypertension. We used the everted duodenal sac to study untreated, orally treated, and parenterally treated groups of SH and WKy rats. In untreated groups, net calcium transport was lower (P less than 0.05) in the SH rat than in the WKy rat (0.46-0.66 vs 0.81-1.04, all data mumole/g segment wet wt per hr). Both groups responded to treatment (SH vs WKy; 0.84-0.90 vs 1.56-1.57, P less than 0.05), but even in treated groups net calcium transport by the SH rat was lower than that by the WKy rat (P less than 0.05). Net water transport increased 3- to 8-fold in response to treatment in the WKy but not in the SH rat. The increased water transport prevented demonstration of treatment-mediated increased calcium transport based on serosal/mucosal concentration ratio in the WKy rat. We conclude that (i) both the SH and the WKy rat have the capability to increase calcium transport when treated with an agonist having vitamin D activity; (ii) the unstimulated and stimulated transport rate is lower in the SH rat than in the WKy rat; and (iii) water transport responds to treatment in the WKy rat but not in the SH rat.
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PMID:Calcium transport in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is responsive to vitamin D. 319 30

Disturbances in peripheral norepinephrine release or removal by neuronal and extraneuronal uptake may have pathogenetic significance in cardiovascular disease states. We investigated the mechanisms of removal of norepinephrine in the forearm of healthy subjects under basal conditions, using measurements of arterial and venous plasma norepinephrine concentrations, blood pressure, heart rate, and forearm blood flow. The specific inhibitor of neuronal uptake, desipramine, was infused intra-arterially into the brachial artery of five subjects. Net norepinephrine overflow from the forearm increased markedly, revealing considerable local release of norepinephrine. Six other subjects received four intra-arterial infusions of norepinephrine, 1.18 pmol/kg/min, with various doses of desipramine and the extraneuronal uptake-inhibiting drug hydrocortisone. The forearm extraction rate for circulating norepinephrine decreased with increasing doses of desipramine (from 69.4 +/- 3.0 [SEM] to 35.3 +/- 8.4%; p less than 0.001). Increasing doses of hydrocortisone during continued inhibition of neuronal uptake resulted in decreased forearm extraction of norepinephrine (from 63.3 +/- 4.9 to 40.6 +/- 4.4%; p less than 0.01). In six other subjects who received the highest dose of hydrocortisone without concomitant inhibition of neuronal uptake, forearm extraction of norepinephrine decreased from 57.1 +/- 4.9 to 51.5 +/- 4.7% (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that neuronal uptake contributes markedly to the removal of circulating and endogenously released norepinephrine in the forearm. For circulating norepinephrine, a corticosteroid-sensitive mechanism of extraneuronal uptake was also demonstrated. These results indicate that neuronal and extraneuronal uptake can be estimated separately in this vascular bed. Similar organ-specific studies in patients may reveal disturbances in mechanisms of norepinephrine removal.
Hypertension 1987 Jun
PMID:Demonstration of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of circulating norepinephrine in the forearm. 358 5

The Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention is a primary preventive trial carried out among 6,027 working men ages 40-59; 3,131 constituted the treatment group and the remaining 2,896 the control group. The preventive action aimed at reducing mean levels of serum cholesterol (generally through dietary prescription and, in a small number of subjects, by drug treatment), high blood pressure (by drugs), smoking habits (by advice to reduce or stop smoking), overweight (by means of diet), and sedentary lifestyle by increased physical activity). The treatment was carried out during a 6-year period and consisted of individual sessions administered to about one-third of higher-risk subjects, while mass education was administered to all men allocated to treatment. No intervention was offered to the control group. The mean changes in levels of the main coronary risk factors in the treatment vs the control group were computed in different ways. Net changes in the treatment group after 6 years, after adjustment for several confounding variables, were -0.71% for body weight, +0.77% for the cigarette consumption, -3.00% for systolic blood pressure, -5.39% for serum cholesterol, and -18% for the estimated multivariate coronary risk. After 8 years of observation, mortality from all causes was lower by 9.8% (one-tailed P = 0.140) in the treatment than in the control group, whereas mortality from coronary heart disease was lower by 23.7% (one-tailed P = 0.059). The incidence of fatal plus nonfatal coronary heart disease events (hard criteria), which could be measured only for the first 6 years, was reduced by 30.9% (one-tailed P = 0.005) in the treatment as compared with the control group.
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PMID:Eight-year follow-up results from the Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention. Research Group of the Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention. 360 39


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