Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was performed to assess the possible involvement of humoral immunity in essential hypertension, independently of the presence of atherosclerotic disease, which in turn may be associated with immunologic changes. Sixty-five patients without demonstrated atherosclerotic disease were selected according to clinical and arteriographic criteria, including 23 hypertensive subjects (all pharmacologically treated) and 42 controls. Mean ages (58.7 +/- 8.3(1 S.D.) years in the controls and 57.7 +/- 7.9 years in the hypertensive subjects) and sex distribution were similar in the 2 groups. Of the main risk factors, atherosclerosis, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were equivalent, while triglycerides were higher in the hypertensive subjects than in the controls (142.6 +/- 52.7 vs. 112.6 +/- 67.7 mg/dl; p = 0.0065). In these subjects' sera the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM, and the third and fourth complement components (C3 and C4) were measured. Of these variables, only C3 was higher in the hypertensive subjects than in the controls (124.3 +/- 29.3 vs. 107.8 +/- 18.4 mg/dl; p = 0.0183). Furthermore, C3 was significantly correlated with triglycerides (tau = 0.3613; p < 0.0001), but the association with hypertension was confirmed only for C3, and not for triglycerides, by multiple logistic regression (p = 0.0142). The increase in serum C3 suggests the possible implication of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis or progression of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Association of serum C3 and essential hypertension]. 129 20

A unique case of a Chinese boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) associated with Takayasu's arteritis is reported. He had eczema, epistaxis and recurrent infections since early infancy and was found to have thrombocytopenia, negative delayed-type skin hypersensitivity, low T cell number and impaired lymphocyte proliferation to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. He had high normal serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA with low IgM and isohaemagglutinin. He presented with hypertensive encephalopathy at 5.5 years of age and an aortogram demonstrated abdominal aortic aneurysm with bilateral stenosis of renal arteries resulting in renovascular hypertension. His hypertension was difficult to control medically and autotransplant of his kidneys to the iliac arteries was performed, but he died in the immediate postoperative period. The relationship between immunodeficiency and collagen-vascular disease was discussed.
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PMID:Takayasu's arteritis associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 135 86

From June 1987 to June 1991 at the Belgrade University Children's Hospital 10 patients, 5 males and 4 females, aged 2-16 years, with chronic glomerular disease, were treated with CyA. Seven patients had INS, 2 lupus nephritis and one IgA nephritis. Before initiation of CyA, all but one, were treated with classic immunosuppressive therapy, which had no effect (8/10) and/or had serious adverse effects (9/10). CyA dosage was initiated at 4-6 mg/kg/BW, and was subsequently adjusted to achieve CyA concentrations in blood at range 50-100 ng/ml. Treatment duration was 2-17 months. Patient compliance to CyA therapy was observed in 5/7 INSs: 2 cortico-sensitive (1 with FSGS was cortico-dependent and 1 had frequent relapses) and 3 cortico-resistant patients (2 with FSGS and 1 with minimal histologic changes). After drug withdrawal, only one of the patients who responded, had no relapse. One of the two patients with SLE showed improvement during CyA administration, while no response was observed in the patient with IgA nephritis. Adverse experiences with CyA therapy involved decreased renal function (2/10), arterial hypertension (1/10), hyperbilirubinaemia (1/10), transient LDH increase and hyperuricaemia (1/10).
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PMID:[Cyclosporine in the treatment of glomerular diseases in children]. 146 61

Kidney biopsies of 425 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis were studied to reveal the incidence, composition and possible clinical significance of extraglomerular vascular immune deposits. IgA deposits were detected in 20 cases, IgM in 28 (in 5 together with IgA), C3 in 317 and no vascular deposits in 60 cases. C3 and IgA deposits were granular, resembling mesangial deposits, while IgM deposits were lumpy, similar to IgM deposits in sclerotic and hyalinized glomeruli. The incidence of vascular lesions in patients with IgA (30%) and C3 deposits (24%) was not significantly higher as compared to those without vascular deposits (20%), but was significantly higher in patients with IgM deposits (68%, P < 0.00004). Only the presence of vascular IgM deposits correlated significantly with severe glomerulosclerosis, arterial hypertension and elevated serum creatinine levels (all P < 0.001). We conclude that neither C3 nor IgA deposits, in spite of their suggested immune complex nature, contribute significantly to the development of vascular lesions. Lumpy IgM deposits, probably the result of insudation of plasma proteins into the blood vessel walls, were associated with advanced vascular lesions and glomerulosclerosis and are probably a part of non-immune mediated progression of IgA glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Renal extraglomerular vascular immune deposits in IgA glomerulonephritis. 147 78

Immunohistological analysis of 1146 renal biopsies revealed IgA associated glomerulonephritis (IgAGN) in 83 (7.24%) patients (33 children, 50 adults). Clinical features were unusually severe in a high proportion. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) responding poorly to prednisolone was found in 24%, hypertension (HT) in 39%, and azotemia in 34% of patients. NS was slightly more frequent in children than in adults, but HT and azotemia occurred twice as often in adults as in children. Histologically, extensive glomerular crescents and sclerosis were prominent. In addition, moderate arteriolitis and arteriolosclerosis and marked tubulointerstitial nephropathy were notable features. Thus, a low incidence and marked severity characterized IgAGN in this study.
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PMID:IgA associated glomerulonephritis. 148 90

A 64-yr-old man presented with diabetes mellitus, proteinuria, hypertension and moderate renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy revealed diabetic glomerulosclerosis (diffuse lesion), IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy (stage 2). Both mesangial IgA and subepithelial IgG deposits were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Electron microscopic studies by immunogold method showed localization of IgA (diameter 15nm gold particles) within mesangial dense deposits and IgG (diameter 15nm gold particles) within subepithelial dense deposits. Overlapping IgA and membranous nephropathy was revealed in the same diabetic glomeruli with functional and biochemical alternations.
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PMID:[A case of superimposed renal lesions of IgA and membranous nephropathy with diabetic nephropathy]. 148 12

IgA nephropathy, also called Berger's disease, is characterized by recurrent gross hematuria or persistent microscopic hematuria, together with mesangial glomerular deposits of IgA found in the renal biopsy. Seven children with IgA nephropathy were studied. Most of them presented initially with recurrent macroscopic hematuria and low or moderate-grade proteinuria, without hypertension or renal function impairment. Only one patient presented with a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Four patients did not receive any treatment; one of them is in remission, one has improved and two remain with moderate proteinuria and hematuria. One patient with significant proteinuria improved after prednisone and azathioprine treatment. The patient with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis improved his renal function after oral prednisone and intravenous boluses of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:[IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) in children]. 149 13

In a prospective study of 124 neonates born to mothers with normal pregnancy and pregnancy associated hypertension (PAH), serum IgG, IgA and IgM were estimated by single radial immunodiffusion technique. Significantly low levels of IgG were found in mothers having PAH, as compared to normal pregnancy (p less than 0.001), whereas IgA and IgM showed no difference in the two groups. There was no statistical difference in maternal and cord blood IgG in either the control or study group. IgG was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in cord blood of babies born by vaginal route as compared to forceps (via vaginal route) or cesarean section. IgA and IgM levels did not vary with mode of delivery.
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PMID:Effect of pregnancy associated hypertension on immunoglobulin levels in newborns. 150 Jan 6

Six patients with glomerulonephritis and glomerular proteinaceous deposits constituted by fibrillar ultrastructures similar to those of amyloid but lacking the Congo red tinctorial affinity characterizing amyloid were studied. Clinically, these patients had proteinuria and hematuria; in addition, three patients had hypertension and one renal failure. Protein deposits in their kidney biopsy sections were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and immunoelectron microscopic (protein A-gold) techniques, using antibodies against IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C1q, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin kappa and lambda light chains, and against amyloid fibril proteins of different types, including AA, A lambda, A kappa, and AF. By immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase, in all cases the deposits stained intensely with antibodies against IgG, C3, and kappa and lambda light chains; one case also showed C1q immunoreactivity. By contrast, none stained with antibodies against various amyloid fibril proteins. Immunoelectron microscopic findings corroborated this data, indicating that the nonamyloid fibrillar deposits studied are antigenically distinct from known amyloid deposits and that they contain IgG-derived material.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical distinction between amyloidosis and fibrillar glomerulopathy. 159 98

Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) activity has been found in glomeruli of the rat and other previously investigated animal species, but has not been detected in the glomeruli of the normal human kidney. Under pathological conditions, enzyme activity may be registered. Following investigations on 155 human renal biopsies using polyclonal antisera against IgG, IgA, IgM, C3C, Fibrinogen, and DPP IV, we found glomerular enzyme activity in 43 cases of various histological diagnoses, but never in normal renal tissue. Identical results could be found by the Gly-Prol-beta-MNA substrate reaction. The localization of glomerular enzyme activity in capillary walls could not be definitely determined, possibly enzyme activity occurs in podocytes. Correlation of glomerular DPP IV activity to the deposition of immunoglobulins was not found. Nevertheless, the appearance of DPP IV in human glomeruli seems to be in correlation with some clinical findings, e.g. hypertension. The importance of DPP IV activity in pathohistologically changed glomeruli of human kidney is definitely large, but needs further investigation.
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PMID:Demonstration of glomerular DPP IV activity in kidney diseases. 168 53


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