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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The calcium-intake relationship with other alimentary and anthropometric variables was investigates in a group of 60 adult (19-75 year-old) subjects, 50 females and 10 males, with essential arterial hypertension (DAP > 90 mmHg). The calcium intake was assessed by three different protocols: 24-hour food intake recall, food-frequency questionnaire and 3 day self-food intake register, repeated along with anthropometric measurements on three different occasions (2-15 month-intervals). The calcium intake assessed by the three methods, as well as the anthropometric data, were statistically similar on all three occasions. The mean data were then compared with those form the control, composed of 75 healthy subjects matched with the hypertensive group by age and sex. The patients ingested less calcium (mean +/- SD) than the controls on the daily (517 +/- 271 x 740 +/- 353 mg/d) and body-weight (8.1 +/- 5.0 x 11.4 +/- 5.9 mg/kg/d) basis. Among the males the calcium intake was the only difference found between groups and could be attributed to the lower intake of calcium-rich foods. The hypertensive females showed also higher lean-body mass (Body-mass index and arm muscle circumference). Thus the calcium intake discriminated both groups being associated with changes in other nutritional parameters only in females.
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PMID:[Evaluation of dietary intake of calcium in adult subjects with idiopathic arterial hypertension]. 130 18

It has been observed that diabetes results in increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) in various brain regions, especially the paraventricular nucleus, which projects to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Because previous studies indicated a pathophysiological relationship between diabetes and NPY, we investigated the effect of diabetes on the sensitivity of NTS-mediated responses to NPY administration. Rats were made diabetic using streptozocin (55 mg/kg iv) and maintained for 48 to 50 days. Normal and streptozocin-diabetic rats were anesthetized with urethan and alpha-chloralose, instrumented for cardiovascular and respiratory monitoring, and positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus. The brain stem was exposed surgically. NPY (0.15 nmol/kg) was microinjected into the NTS and the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were monitored for 60 min. Diabetes increased systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean (Pa) blood pressure but not pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR). Respiratory parameters were not altered. NPY significantly decreased SAP, DAP, Pa, PP, HR, respiratory rate, and minute volume in normal animals. In diabetic animals, NPY also decreased SAP, DAP, and Pa but pronouncedly increased PP. Although NPY decreased the SAP and Pa in diabetic animals, the response was attenuated compared with normal animals. The respiratory parameters and HR of diabetic animals, unlike normal animals, did not respond to NPY administration. We conclude that chronic diabetes results in a decreased sensitivity to NTS-mediated responses and that the hyporesponsiveness of the NTS to NPY modulation may be important in the tendency toward elevated blood pressure and hypertension in diabetes.
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PMID:Decreased cardiorespiratory effects of neuropeptide Y in the nucleus tractus solitarius in diabetes. 159 Apr 79

The aim of the study was to analyse electrocardiographic alterations in 30 patients with slight to moderate essential arterial hypertension during the course of hypertensive attacks (DAP greater than 115 mmHg). Standard hematochemical tests were performed in basal conditions, together with 24-h ECG monitoring and an echocardiogram to measure the left ventricular mass index. Echographic monitoring was carried out during hypertensive attacks and for 2 h after the return to basal pressure values. In basal conditions patients showed slight hypopotassemia (23%), left ventricular echographic involvement (57%), left ventricular hypertrophy with or without systolic strain (43%), and ventricular extrasystole (VE) classified as Lown's 1st and 2nd class (17%). During the course of hypertensive attacks, there was a significant increase in systolic strain, the appearance of anterolateral subendocardial ischemia (10%), left anterior hemiblock (3%), lateral subepicardial ischemia (3%), and a marked increase in VE (67%) which were complex in 40% of cases (Lown's classes 3, 4 and 5). A significant correlation was found between the left ventricular mass index and VE/h. The authors stress the multifactorial pathogenesis of echographic alterations and underline left ventricular involvement, acute hemodynamic strain and consequent alterations of coronary perfusion, hypopotassemia, and increased levels of circulating catecholamines.
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PMID:[Electrocardiographic changes in hypertensive emergencies. Their incidence and possible pathogenetic mechanisms]. 172 64

A study of the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity has been performed in the community of Hospitalet de Llobregat which is an industrial town of 289,000 inhabitants in the vicinity of Barcelona. We have studied a population sample of 801 individuals over the age of 19 years, randomly chosen from the elections lists from 1986, and who were classified according to age and sex. Four hundred and thirty two subjects (54%) had a Quetelet index (QI) of 25 or above. Out of these, 300 (38%) had a QI between 25-30 and 124 (16%) had a QI of 30 or above. Obesity prevalence defined as an QI greater than or = 25 was lower in the youngest group (20-39 years), both in males as in females, with a significant difference p less than 0.05). Arterial hypertension prevalence (SAP greater than 160 and/or DAP greater than 95 mmHg) was 19.8%. When individuals with DAP of 90-94 were included, prevalence was 25.7%. A positive correlation between QI and arterial blood pressure was found in the sample studied as a whole, both for systolic arterial pressure (r = 0.23; p less than 0.001; R2 = 0.053) as for diastolic arterial pressure (r = 0.23; p less than 0.001; R2 = 0.053). Arterial hypertension prevalence (SAP greater than 160 and or DAP greater than 90 mmHg plus those individuals with lower values but were on hypotensive treatment) was higher in obese individuals (QI greater than 25). The difference was statistically significant in males below 60. In females a tendency was observed in women below 40. (p = 0.054).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Obesity and arterial hypertension. A cross-sectional study of their prevalence in the population of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]. 210 32

The multicentre ramipril trial was original in that the CEI was tested at its lowest effective dosage level. More than 80 p. 100 of the patients responded to a single-drug treatment with ramipril 5 mg per day or less. At that dosage level the drug was well tolerated and no severe or serious side-effect was noted. A relation could be demonstrated between the prevalence of cough and the dose of ramipril. The trial was carried out in a population of ambulatory patients with moderate, uncomplicated arterial hypertension (DAP between 95 and 115 mmHg and SAP less than or equal to 200 mmHg). It was conducted according to the "Good Clinical Practice" rules by 102 general practitioners, under their usual conditions of work, and this provided them with experience for further clinical studies of hypertension and with education for the managements of that disease in private practice.
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PMID:[The French ambulatory multicenter trial of Triatec: conclusions of the trial]. 214 99

Enzymuria is a frequent finding in patients suffering from various kidney diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical value of the determination of tubule-brush-border-associated dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) in the urine of patients with acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (n = 12), chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 15), essential arterial hypertension (n = 30), after kidney transplantation (n = 20), and of healthy control persons (n = 68). DAP IV was measured in spontaneously voided mid-stream morning urine ("second morning urine"), and was expressed as enzyme activity in units/liter. In order to account for variations due to urine concentration without collecting 24-hour specimens, a urinary DAP IV/creatinine ratio (DCR) was calculated. Furthermore, patterns of proteinuria were assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Urinary DAP IV activity of healthy controls was 4.94 +/- 0.12 U/l (DCR: 0.46 +/- 0.30 U/mmol creatinine) with only small day to day variations. Urinary DAP IV activity in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis was significantly higher (15.5 +/- 15.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 vs controls; DCR: 1.67 +/- 0.97 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.001 vs controls). In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis urinary DAP IV activity was 9.6 +/- 5.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 (DCR: 1.22 +/- 0.75 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.05 vs controls). Increased urinary DAP IV activity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis was associated with a mixed glomerulo-tubular pattern of proteinuria (as determined by SDS-PAGE).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary excretion of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase i.v. in patients with renal diseases. 232 11

To evaluate the dose-effect relationship of antihypertensive drugs is essential to a rational determination of their effective dosage. Two double-blind and strictly controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of perindopril 4 mg orally in the treatment of mild to moderate arterial hypertension (100 less than DAP less than 120 mmHg). The drug remained effective 24 hours after the last dose. The 2 mg dose proved insufficient to obtain a significant reduction of blood pressure. In case where the 4 mg dose was not sufficiently active, a better antihypertensive effect could be achieved with an 8 mg dose without major untoward reactions. The antihypertensive activity of perindopril was parallel to the percentage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induced by the compound. This study also illustrates clearly the value of semi-automatic blood pressure recording with the Dinamap system in the determination of dose-effect relationship, compared with the conventional sphygmomanometric method.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the dose-effect relationship of perindopril in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. 250 12

The effects of perindopril on the 24-hour arterial pressure levels were evaluated by ambulatory recording in 21 patients (mean age 48 +/- 2 years) with mild to moderate hypertension. At the end of a 3 months treatment with perindopril (4 to 8 mg per day in one dose), comparison by variance analysis of the mean values of arterial pressure over 24 hours before and after treatment showed a significant decrease of SAP (from 144 +/- 3 to 133 +/- 3 mmHg, p less than 0.01) and DAP (from 95 +/- 2 to 87 +/- 2 mmHg, p less than 0.01). The fall in arterial pressures was more pronounced during day-time (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) than at night. Particular attention was paid to the reduction of systolic pressure owing to its relation with arterial compliance. There was a significant correlation between ambulatory recordings of SAP and DAP before and after treatment (r = 0.82 and 0.76 respectively, p less than 0.001). Calculation and comparison of the corresponding regression slope showed that for any given level of DAP, SAP was lower after than before treatment. This effect is related to the increase of arterial compliance observed after treatment with perindopril, as already reported by other authors.
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PMID:[Ambulatory registration of arterial pressure during treatment with perindopril. Effects on systolic pressure and hemodynamic implications]. 250 13

Ambulatory arterial pressures, both systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP), together with heart rate were measured every 15 minutes during 24 hours, using a Spacelabs 5200 apparatus, in 168 male subjects of mean age 21 +/- 1 years. According to the WHO criteria, 72 subjects had normal arterial pressure (clinical DAP less than or equal to 90 mmHg, clinical SAP less than or equal to 140 mmHg), and 86 subjects had untreated borderline arterial hypertension (abnormal clinical pressures, with clinical DAP less than or equal to 95 mmHg and clinical SAP less than or equal to 160 mmHg). On the basis of the WHO criteria, a sizeable part of pressure profiles in the normal and hypertensive groups overlapped. The Mc Queen method, derived from cluster analysis, considerably reduces this overlap. The method defines and objective criterion which enables the subjects to be reclassified in cases where clinical and ambulatory pressures "contradict each other". Such reclassification applied in about 20% of our subjects. This leads to a new definition of reference groups based on both clinical pressure and ambulatory pressure profile. The WHO criteria remain the basis for this classification. The Mc Queen method may be used to define normal and borderline arterial pressure profiles in male and female subjects of different age-groups.
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PMID:[Normal and borderline ambulatory arterial pressures. A new method for establishing reference values]. 251 Jun 25

The authors presented a preliminary analysis of the 5-year implementation of a cooperative trial of multifactor prophylaxis of CHD in Moscow and Kaunas. A stable decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) by 20-25% and smoking by 22%, a decrease in SAP and DAP mean levels and the number of smoked cigarettes as compared to initial levels were noted in the group of active prophylaxis (the 1st group). It caused the reduction of CHD death risk by 13.6%. In the group of comparison with common treatment (the 2nd group) the prevalence of smoking decreased by 11% and arterial hypertension tended towards a rise. The comparison of mortality rates in the 1st and 2nd groups showed that in the 1st group total mortality rates were lower by 21% and CVD mortality rates were lower by 41% as compared to the 2nd group. The most noticeable decrease in 5-year mortality rates was observed among the persons initially attributed to the CHD group. Analysis of mortality with relation to the presence and intensity of smoking habits in Moscow and Kaunas indicated to the association of smoking not only with CHD mortality but also with cancer and total mortality making appropriate the development of an integral approach to the prophylaxis of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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PMID:[Cooperative study on the multifactor prevention of ischemic heart disease and its development into an integral program for the prevention of noninfectious diseases]. 408 22


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