Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously found mild hypothermia (34-36 degrees C), induced before cardiac arrest, to improve neurologic outcome. In this study we used a reproducible dog model to evaluate mild hypothermia by head cooling during arrest, continued with systemic cooling (34 degrees C) during recirculation and for 1 h after arrest. In four groups of dogs, ventricular fibrillation (no flow) of 12.5 min at 37.5 degrees C was reversed with cardiopulmonary bypass and defibrillation in less than or equal to 5 min, and followed by controlled ventilation to 20 h and intensive care to 96 h. In Study A we resuscitated with normotension and normal hematocrit; Control Group A-I (n = 12) was maintained normothermic, while Treatment Group A-II (n = 10) was treated with hypothermia. In Study B we resuscitated with hypertension and hemodilution. Control Group B-I (n = 12) was maintained normothermic (6 of 12 were not hemodiluted), while Treatment Group B-II (n = 10) was treated with hypothermia. Best overall performance categories (OPCs) achieved between 24 and 96 h postarrest were in Group A-I: OPC 1 (normal) in 0 of 12 dogs, OPC 2 (moderate disability) in 2, OPC 3 (severe disability) in 7, and OPC 4 (coma) in 3 dogs. In Group A-II, OPC 1 was achieved in 5 of 10 dogs (p less than 0.01), OPC 2 in 4 (p less than 0.001), OPC 3 in 1, and OPC 4 in 0 dogs. In Group B-I, OPC 1 was achieved in 0 of 12 dogs, OPC 2 in 6, OPC 3 in 5, and OPC 4 in 1 dog. In Group B-II, OPC 1 was achieved in 6 of 10 dogs (p less than 0.01), OPC 2 in 4 (p less than 0.05), and OPC 3 or 4 in 0 dogs. Mean neurologic deficit and brain histopathologic damage scores showed similar significant group differences. Morphologic myocardial damage scores were the same in all four groups. We conclude that mild brain cooling during and after insult improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
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PMID:Mild cerebral hypothermia during and after cardiac arrest improves neurologic outcome in dogs. 229 37

Lipids and clinical changes including diabetes and hypertension were monitored in morbidly obese patients after Roux-Y gastric bypass. Total cholesterol (Chol), high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides at 1 and at 5-7 y postoperatively in 33 patients and at 1 y in 23 patients (including apolipoproteins A-I and B) were compared with preoperative concentrations. Mean concentrations of Chol and both apolipoproteins were unchanged. Elevated serum triglycerides became normal, and reduced concentrations persisted at 5-7 y in men (p less than 0.025). HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased at 1 y (p less than 0.01) and remained higher at 5-7 y in women. Ratios of Chol to HDL cholesterol were lower at 1 y (p less than 0.01) in both men and women. Diabetes (9 patients) and hypertension (22 patients) also were reduced at 1 y (p less than 0.01) and remained lower at 5-7 y. A mean 61% of excess weight was lost in 1 y whereas a 12% weight gain occurred by 5-7 y. The beneficial changes in most coronary risk factors lasted 5-7 y after surgery.
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PMID:Sustained coronary-risk-factor reduction after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. 233 34

The effects of a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFC diet) on serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Kyo: Wistar rats (WKY). In particular, the changes in serum concentrations and distributions among lipoprotein fractions of apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV and E (apo A-I, A-IV and E) were investigated in detail. These apolipoproteins are the main protein constituents of high density lipoprotein (HDL) which is considered to be an anti-atherogenic factor and accounts for a large part of the serum lipoproteins in the rat. Serum lipoprotein fractions were isolated by stepwise density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The alterations in lipoprotein fractions and apolipoproteins in lipoprotein fractions were roughly estimated by native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Next, the concentrations of apo A-I, A-IV and E in serum, serum lipoprotein fractions and serum lipoprotein-free fraction were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis according to the method of Laurell as modified by us. Cholesterol was enzymatically determined by a commercially available kit. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A remarkable increase in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) fractions was observed in WKY and SHRSP. This was associated with a remarkable increase in the cholesterol and apo B contents and with a significant increase in the apo E content. These changes in the VLDL and IDL fractions were more drastic in SHRSP than in WKY, which suggests the promotive effect of hypertension in SHRSP on the production of VLDL and IDL fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet--changes in serum concentrations and distributions of apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV and E]. 250 68

A baseline examination of all residents aged 40 years and over, in the A-I district, Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, was conducted in July 1977. The response rate for this examination was 84.5% for males and 92.6% for females. Nine hundred sixty males and 1,339 females, who were initially free from stroke, constituted the stroke cohort. Similarly 984 males and 1,342 females, who were free from myocardial infarction and angina pectoris on effort, made up the ischemic heart disease cohort. Both cohorts were followed for 10 years through June 1987. It is concluded that, in the agricultural community, the strongest risk factor for not only stroke but ischemic heart disease was hypertension, and that the attribution of hypercholesterolemia and obesity was small. The population that was studied experienced a period of relative economic deprivation before 1950, and there seems to be residual effects from this period to this day. The definition of cerebral infarction used in this study includes several pathologically different types (cerebral infarction of the cortical branches, cerebral infarction of the perforating branches, cerebral embolism and so on), and this may affect the results. On the other hand, the strongest risk factor for ischemic heart disease found in the A-I district is hypertension. This differs from the European/American type of ischemic heart disease, to which hypercholesterolemia and obesity are basic. These results also suggest the possibility that there is a difference not only etiologically but pathologically between the two types.
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PMID:Relationship of risk factors to subsequent development of stroke and ischemic heart disease in a rural community. 262 42

Changes in serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoproteins including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions following administration of captopril in patients with hypertension were studied. Captopril (25 mg twice daily) was administered over a 12-week period to 17 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Captopril was observed to significantly reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as to increase HDL2- cholesterol (HDL2-C) and to decrease HDL3-cholesterol (HDL3-C); however, no significant changes in total HDL-C were recognized. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo A-II, apo B, apo C-II, apo C-III, and apo E did not change significantly. It is suggested that captopril monotherapy produces a favorable effect on HDL subfractions.
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PMID:Effect of captopril on high-density lipoprotein subfractions in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. 265 2

The effects of bunazosin and propranolol administration on hypertension and serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in a controlled, randomized multicenter study. After a 4-week washout period, 48 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomly assigned to either the bunazosin or the propranolol group. Twenty-four were treated with bunazosin (1 to 3 mg t.i.d.) and 24 with propranolol (10 to 40 mg t.i.d.) for 12 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly in both groups. After 12 weeks of bunazosin treatment, significantly lowered apolipoprotein (apo) B and apo B/apo A-I ratio (p less than 0.05, in both cases) were observed, in contrast to no changes in the propranolol group. Although the changes were not significant, bunazosin tended to decrease the ratio of total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apo A-I, apo A-II, apo C-II, apo C-III and apo E for either bunazosin or propranolol. The difference between the two drugs was significant for the apo B/apo A-I ratio (p less than 0.05). Bunazosin monotherapy was shown to be as effective in reducing blood pressure as propranolol. In addition, its favorable effects on lipoprotein metabolism seem to offer an additional advantage in mitigating coronary risk.
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PMID:Comparative effects of bunazosin and propranolol on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension. 267 72

A total of 46 patients, aged 39-71 years (mean 57.7), were studied. Forty-eight percent of the patients were hyperlipidemic and 63% had earlier suffered a myocardial infarction. Biopsies from aorta were obtained during coronary bypass surgery. Apo B was extracted from the intima by incubation of the tissue in buffer, followed by collagenase digestion. Intimal apo B was quantified in an immunoradiometric assay. There were significant correlations between total or collagenase-extractable apo B and serum cholesterol (rs = 0.39, P less than 0.01), serum triglycerides (rs = 0.33, P less than 0.05), LDL cholesterol (rs = 0.33, P less than 0.05) and serum apo B (rs = 0.37, P less than 0.05). The correlations were strongest for the collagenase-extractable apo B, while no correlations were observed for the buffer-extractable intimal apo B. No significant correlations were found between intimal apo B and serum HDL, apo A-I, smoking habits, history of hypertension or sustained myocardial infarction. Follow-up data were available for 42 of the patients, with a mean follow-up period of 35.1 months. The patients were classified according to symptoms of angina pectoris at the time of follow-up. There were significantly lower levels of serum apo A-I in the patients with poorer clinical prognosis. In a linear multiple stepwise regression analysis, apo A-I and serum LDL were significantly and independently related to clinical prognosis (R2 = 0.31).
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PMID:Apolipoprotein B in human aortic biopsies in relation to serum lipids and lipoproteins. 278 44

Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is the major protein component of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) found in all primates. Using radioimmunoassay, we measured plasma apo A-I levels in 97 individuals from 23 pedigrees ascertained through cases of hypertension or early coronary artery disease (CAD). Using complex segregation analysis, we found that a genetic model with both a single locus with a major effect and polygenic loci gave the best explanation for the distribution of apo A-I levels in these pedigrees. There was no evidence for a major locus effect on HDL cholesterol in these pedigrees. This is the first study to show evidence of a major effect of a single genetic locus on the quantitative variation of plasma apo A-I in a sample of pedigrees enriched for individuals at risk for CAD.
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PMID:The genetic determination of plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels measured by radioimmunoassay: a study of high-risk pedigrees. 308 91

In this study covering more than 150,000 person-years from women younger than 55 years of age, 61 survived a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Of these, 59 were compared with a random sample from the same population regarding serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, and E, as well as several other cardiovascular risk factors. Mean values of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, apo B, and apo E were significantly higher and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo A-I were significantly lower among patients with infarction than among controls. Those who sustained and survived an AMI more often had a history of hypertension and of tobacco smoking than did the controls. Cigarette smoking, a history of hypertension, age, high serum triglycerides and apo E, as well as low levels of apo A-I, were independently and significantly associated with infarction. Sixty percent of the cases and 11% of the controls were distributed in the highest quartile of risk. A major contribution to the association with AMI was accounted for by the conventional risk factors, cigarette smoking and hypertension, as well as high serum triglycerides. In this group of relatively young women, high serum triglycerides were strongly associated with infarction, while levels of serum cholesterol were not.
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PMID:Serum lipids and apolipoprotein levels in women with acute myocardial infarction. 314 44

To study the antihypertensive effect of orally administered taurine in DOCA salt hypertension, urinary excretion of catecholamines, electrolytes, and arg-vasopressin was measured over four weeks in 20 taurine treated DOCA rats (group 1), 20 taurine untreated DOCA rats (group 2), and seven taurine untreated sham operated rats (group 3). Additional experiments were performed to determine whether or not the pressor and sympathetic responses to hypothalamic stimulation were altered after taurine treatment in DOCA rats. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in group 1 after the first week compared with that in group 2, and the differences became progressively more evident thereafter. At the fifth week the mean blood pressure was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2, as was the heart rate. Although urinary excretion of adrenaline decreased significantly in group 1 at the first and fourth weeks, the difference in urinary excretion of noradrenaline between groups 1 and 2 was not significant. Urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in group 3 was significantly lower than that in both hypertensive groups (groups 1 and 2). Urinary sodium excretion increased significantly in group 1 at the first and second week compared with group 2. With graded electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus, resulting pressor and sympathetic responses were significantly smaller in group 1 than in group 2. These results suggest that the hypotensive effects of orally administered taurine in DOCA hypertensive rats are caused by suppression of the peripheral sympathetic nervous activity and by the resulting natriuresis.
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PMID:Retardation of the development of hypertension in DOCA salt rats by taurine supplement. 319 19


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