Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cigarette smoking has been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases apart from hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension. Diseases of the respiratory system and several neoplasms as well as complications of pregnancy are considered to be "smoking-related", too. In order to survey the smoking habits and views on smoking in the Styrian population, a questionnaire was issued to 1034 visitors of the Graz Autumn Fair 1992. Pleasure proved to be the main motivation for smoking both in men and in women, habit, addiction, stress and boredom being further motivations. Not only non-smokers, but also smokers were assessed to be aware of smoking being a health hazard. Prohibition of tobacco advertising was accepted most widely as a mean of anti-smoking campaign. About half the non-smokers are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, at place of work more frequently than at home. Percentage of smokers differs with age and job classes, however, no geographical variations were found. Further anti-smoking measures should be considered. Smoking restrictions at place of work and in public could prevent passive smoking. Ban on advertising seems to be the most effective anti-smoking campaign.
 ...
PMID:[Smoking behavior and views on the smoking topic in the Styrian population--results of a survey at the Graz autumn convention]. 896 85

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between RFCA catheter cumulative energy and autonomic nerve injury. METHODS: Forty-one patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were enrolled, Patients were excluded if they had Diabetes, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure or other organic heart disease. HRV and biochemical markers were measured before and after the RFCA. RESULTS: Compared with pre-ablation values,there was significantly decrease in post-ablation low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF). This was noted in both the septal group (AVNRT and septal pathway) and free wall group (free wall accessory pathway).Post-procedure,the sensitivity of cardiac troponin I(cTnI) for myocardial injury detection was 58.3%, AST was 41.7%. This was significantly higher than other markers(CK:4.2%, CK-MB:10.4%, LDH:20.8%). The post-ablation sensitivity of cTnI was 54.2%, 6.3% and 52.1%at 1 hour, 12 hours, and 24 hours respectively. A significant correlation between cumulative energy and delta HF(r=0.688,P=0.01) or delta LF (r=0.462, P<0.05).was noted in free wall group.(delta HF=pre-ablation HF-post-ablation HF/pre-ablation HF x 100%). There was no significant correlation between biochemical markers and either delta HF or delta LF. CONCLUSION: RFCA induced injury on cardiac autonomic nerves related to both cumulative energy and ablation site,but not size of myocardial injury as determined by cTnI measurement. cTnI is an excellent biochemical marker of myocardial injury.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2002 Jun
PMID:[Radiofrequency catheter ablation autonomic nerve injury] 1259 13

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (FalphahCG) as a marker for pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). METHODS: The study group consisted of 74 pregnant women with hypertension. PIH admitted at 21-43 weeks of gestation. The control group was 37 non-PIH women. Serum FalphahCG was measured by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal technology. Using Youden's index of the receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC), a threshold value was determined. RESULTS: FalphahCG levels in PIH women were significantly higher than in the control group women [(556+/-428)IU/L compared with (232+/-131)IU/L,P<0.001].Using 260 IU/L of FalphahCG as the threshold value yields a sensitivity of 81.1% and specificity of 75.7% with a Youden's index of 0.57 for predicting PIH. CONCLUSION: Serum FalphahCG may serve as a useful marker to predict PIH.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2002 Jun
PMID:[Free alpha hCG--a serum marker for pregnancy-induced hypertension] 1259 17

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recently found to be a new gaseous messenger playing an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in endogenous H2S pathway and examine the effects of H2S on the development of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). A controlled study on SHR and WKY rats at the age of 4 weeks showed that after 5 weeks of experiment, the blood pressure of SHR was markedly increased as compared with WKY rats (183.57 +/- 11.80 mm Hg vs 107.5 +/- 22.68 mm Hg, P < 0.05) and the ratio of left heart weight to whole heart weight of SHR was also increased as compared with WKY rats (0.85 +/- 0.02 vs 0.83 +/- 0.02, P < 0.05). While, the aortic H2S producing rate and H2S plasma level were decreased in SHR compared with WKY rats (15.63 +/- 2.89 nmol.min-1.g-1 vs 25.31 +/- 5.99 nmol.min-1.g-1, 20.35 +/- 9.20 mumol.L-1 vs 48.40 +/- 13.36 mumol.L-1, P < 0.05). NaHS, however, attenuated the high blood pressure and the ratio of left heart weight to whole heart weight of SHR (158.13 +/- 12.52 mm Hg vs 183.57 +/- 11.80 mm Hg and 0.83 +/- 0.03 vs 0.85 +/- 0.02), respectively. The above findings suggested that the reduced production of endogenous H2S was important in the development of spontaneous hypertension. The authors also observed that 5 weeks after the experiment the relaxing rate of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine in SHR was higher than that of WKY rats and NaHS enhanced the relaxing-response of aortic rings to acetylcholine in SHR significantly(P < 0.05). The aortic relaxing activities in both SHR and WKY rats displayed a dose-dependent response to different doses of NaHS. In conclusion, the reduced production of endogenous H2S in aorta is involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension and is of great biological importance in modulating vasorelaxation.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2003 Feb 18
PMID:[Endogenous H2S is involved in the development of spontaneous hypertension]. 1292 Aug 21

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) may be endogenously produced by cystathionine beta-lyase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) as a cardiovascular physiological functional factor. On the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) animal model, the plasma H(2)S concentration, the gene expression and the activity (CSE) were decreased in lung tissues In L-NAME induced hypertension and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) models, the plasma H(2)S concentration, vascular CSE activity and mRNA expression were obviously decreased. When H(2)S was exogenously supplied, systolic pressure obviously decrease. These studies suggested that CSE/H(2)S pathway participated in the pathophysiological development of hypertension. The endogenous level of H(2)S produced by some arterial tissues increased in both septic and endotoxic shock rats. The level of H(2)S highly correlated with the endogenous level of NO. These results suggest that H(2)S may be a novel cardiovascular functional regulator.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2004 Feb
PMID:[Hydrogen sulfide: a novel cardiovascular functional regulatory gas factor]. 1497 Sep 1

Under normal physiology, insulin exerts vasodilatory and pro-survival actions via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway and vasoconstrictive and mitogenic actions via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the vasculature. In the insulin resistant states, insulin signals through the PI3-kinase pathway are blunted but its signals through the MAPK cascade remain intact. This imbalance predisposes insulin resistant patients to hypertension and atherosclerosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is expressed both systemically and locally in the cardiovascular system. Insulin resistance up-regulates the local RAS which contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Angiotensin II impairs insulin signaling, induces inflammation via the NF-kappaB pathway, reduces nitric oxide availability and facilitates vasoconstriction, leading to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Thus the RAS, insulin resistance and inflammation perpetuate each other and coordinately contribute to endothelial dysfunction, vascular injury and atherosclerosis. RAS inhibition decreases cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality and the incidence of new onset Type 2 diabetes.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2006 Dec
PMID:Angiotensin II and insulin crosstalk in the cardiovascular system. 1721 73

This review focuses on the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis put forward by David Barker and his colleagues, recent advances in epidemiological studies and experimental research in this field. Barker Hypothesis states that environmental factors, particularly intrauterine nutrition, as indicated by birth weight, operate in early life to program the risks for adverse health outcomes in adult life. A large growing body of reports described the association between the early development and adult diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, abnormal lipids metabolism, obesity and cancer, etc. Experimental studies show that the changes of some key genes' expression, caused by epigenetic modifications, lead to a permanent alteration of cellular proliferation and differentiation and finally the genesis in key tissues and organs. These results bring about the impairment in structures and functions and the increased susceptibility to chronic diseases in adult life. The hypothesis provides a new perspective for the prevention and therapy of chronic diseases.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007 Feb 18
PMID:[Evidence and mechanisms of fetal origins of adult diseases]. 1730 36

Two brothers presented with renal failure. CT and MRL showed bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters. A cystogram was performed and showed an elevated pear-shaped bladder secondary to thickening of the bladder wall. Bladder and sigmoid were surrounded by homogeneous fat tissue. The colon was symmetrically fusiform narrowed. Ileal bladder surgery was conducted. We reviewed a total of 96 studies reported between 1959 and 2005,a including 198 patients with pelvic lipomatosis. The ratio of males to females was 27:1. Pelvic lipomatosis was a rare disorder of benign mature adipose tissue proliferation around the bladder and rectum, with urological or digestive system symptoms as the chief presentation. Most cases were associated with hypertension, proliferative cystitis and upper tract obstruction. Also there were risks of thrombosis, calculi and bladder adenocarcinoma. The chief differential diagnosis was liposarcoma. Currently, urinary diversion is the main treatment to relieve urinary obstruction.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007 Aug 18
PMID:[Analysis of pelvic lipomatosis and a case report of two brothers]. 1765 58

Mercury intoxication is a rare cause of severe hypertension. A case of mercury intoxication presented with severe hypertension and erythromelalgia was reported. A 10-year- and -5-month-old girl presented with recurrent rash and painful hands for 2 months, with seizure attack and episodic loss of consciousness for one hand half months. The girl was found to have red painful hands, a blood pressure 170/120 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), tachycardia and hypokalemia (2.83-3.25 mmol/L, reference value 3.5-5.5 mmol/L). An extensive investigation ensued. Elevated renin-angiotensin and aldosterone were demonstrated in plasma. Cranial MRI T2 weighed images showed widespread white matter signal abnormalities, which particularly involved parietal, occipital and frontal lobes. With hypertension controlled, white matter signal abnormalities weakened. Other symptoms included insomnia, nausea and paroxysmal abdominal pain. The girl was found to have a raised concentration of mercury in urine (0.171 mg/L, reference value< 0.01 mg/L), and she had been exposed to elemental mercury for several days. After chelating therapy, the girl's blood pressure returned to normal, erythromelalgia ameliorated, all other symptoms disappeared. So, mercury intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertension with erythromelalgia.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007 Aug 18
PMID:[Hypertension and erythromelalgia as prominent manifestations of mercury intoxication]. 1765 63

Since the 1980's nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), the endogenous gas molecules produced from metabolic pathway, have been realized as signal molecules to be involved in the regulation of body homeostasis and to play important roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The researches on these endogenous gas signal molecules opened a new avenue in life science. To explore the new member of gasotransmitter family, other endogenous gas molecules which have been regarded as metabolic waste up to date, and their biological regulatory effects have been paid close attention to in the current fields of life science and medicine. Sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) can be produced endogenously from normal metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-cysteine is oxidized via cysteine dioxygenase to L-cysteinesulfinate, and the latter can proceed through transamination by glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) to beta-sulfinyl pyruvate which decomposes spontaneously to pyruvate and SO(2). In mammals, activated neutrophils by oxidative stress can convert H(2)S to sulfite through a reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent process. The authors detected endogenous production of SO(2) in all cardiovascular tissues, including in heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, mesenteric artery, renal artery, tail artery and the plasma SO(2) content. As the key enzyme producing SO(2), GOT mRNA in cardiovascular system was detected and found to be located enriched in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells near the endothelial layer. When the normal rats were treated with hydroxamate(HDX), a GOT inhibitor, at a dose of 3.7 mg/kg body weight, the blood pressure (BP) went high markedly, the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radius was increased by 18.34%, and smooth muscle cell proliferation was enhanced. The plasma SO(2) level in the rats injected with 125 micromol/kg body weight SO(2) donor was increased to 721.98+/-30.11 micromol/L at the end of 30 seconds, while the blood pressure was decreased to the lowest point 65.0+/- 4.9 mm Hg at the end of 1 minute. The above results showed that endogenous SO(2) might be involved in the maintenance of blood pressure and normal vascular structure. In spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) animal model, exogenous supplement of SO(2) donor decreased the BP, the media cross-sectional area, and pressure of the media and the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radius in the SHR. Moreover, the proliferative index of aortic smooth muscle cells was decreased in the SHR treated with SO(2) donor compared with that in SHR. The above data showed that SO(2) could prevent the aortic structural remodeling by inhibiting the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells. The authors observed the direct vasorelaxant effects of SO(2) on the aortic ring pre-treated with norepinephrine (NE). SO(2) donor at a concentration of 25-100 micromol/L relaxed the aortic ring temporarily and slightly, but SO(2) donor at a concentration of 1-12 mmol/L induced relaxation of the ring in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration with nicardipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker other than glibenclamide, an ATP sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP) channel) blocker or removal of vascular endothelium could decrease the SO(2)-induced vasorelaxation. In hypoxic pulmonary hypertension animal model, SO(2) donor decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (P<0.01), respectively as compared with hypoxic group, and alleviated obviously the hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling. The percentage of muscularized arteries of small pulmonary vessels was significantly decreased in hypoxia+SO(2) donor-treated rats compared with that of hypoxic rats (P<0.01), while the percentage of non-muscularized vessels was obviously higher in hypoxia with SO(2) donor-treated rats than that of hypoxic rats (P<0.01). Similarly, SO(2) obviously decreased relative media area and relative media thickness of small muscularized pulmonary arteries in hypoxic rats (P<0.01). The above data showed that SO(2) might play an important role in development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Perfusion with SO(2) donor (10(-6)-10(-3) mol/L) to the isolated rat heart obviously inhibited the left ventricular peak rate of contraction ( + LV dp/ dtmax) , peak rate of relaxation (-LV dp/ dtmax) and difference of left ventricular pressure ( DeltaLVP) in a concentration dependent manner. Nicardipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, could partly antagonize the inhibitory effect of SO(2) on the heart function. In a word, SO(2) could be endogenously generated in cardiovascular tissues and exert important cardiovascular effects such as vasorelaxant effect and negative inotropic effects. Moreover, SO(2) might play considerable roles in the regulation of systemic circulatory pressure, pulmonary circulatory pressure and vascular structural remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. On the basis of the above findings, we presumed that endogenous SO(2) might be a novel cardiovascular functional regulatory gasotransmitter. More studies on the significance of endogenous SO(2) in cardiovascular system under physiological and pathophysiological conditions need to be investigated.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007 Aug 18
PMID:[Significance of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the regulation of cardiovascular system]. 1765 74


1 2 3 Next >>