Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 53-year-old male with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was reported. The clinical course and results of detailed endocrinological studies and immunohistochemical findings about the cancer tissue were described. An abnormally high concentration of calcitonin, ACTH and beta-MSH in both plasma and cancer tissue (thyroid, lymph nodes and liver) were documented by radioimmunoassay. Urinary 17-OHCS was as high as 38.4 mg/day and showed no supression following dexamethasone 8 mg/day administration. ORAL METYRAPONE (3 G/DAY) CAUSED NO RESPONSE IN URINARY 17-OHCS. Parallel increments in plasma calcitonin, ACTH and beta-MSH were observed following calcium and gastrin loading. Total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection caused minimal changes of plasma levels of calcitonin, ACTH and beta-MSH and no improvement in the clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. An aortogram revealed metastatic tumors in the liver. A second operation, total adrenalectomy, resulted in an improvement of the clinical and laboratory findings such as hypokalemia, high blood pressure, muscle atrophy and moon face. Immunofluorescent study showed different distribution patterns in calcitonin- and ACTH-positive cells in the primary focus but similar patterns in the liver metastasis.
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PMID:[A case of medullary thyroid carcinoma with ectopic ACTH syndrome (author's transl)]. 20 14

Coffee as a rule develops stimulating effects on the central nervous system, heart and circulation which are mainly caused by caffeine. In certain cases coffee may also have a sedative effect and sometimes even it is useful to fall asleep quickly. Furthermore coffee may be advantageous in the treatment of some functional disorders caused by lacking of dopamine, because coffee is able to increase the dopamine formation in brain. Concerning the effects of coffee in the gastrointestinal-tract and liver-bile system caffeine is only of secondary importance. Hereby certain roasting substances, possibly also chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid should be responsible for the stimulating effects observed in these organs. These stimulating effects could be caused whether directly or indirect e.g. by liberating gastrin or other gastrointestinal hormones. Vitamin niacin, which is formed in greater amounts from trigonelline during the roasting process, may also be important from the nutritional standpoint. Therefore coffee may be prescribed as a true drug in cases of deficiency in vitamin niacin or also in the pellagra disease. By extensive epidemiological studies performed lately it could be demonstrated that there exists no correlation between coffee consumption and certain risk factors as hypertension, heart infarction, diabetes, gout or cancer diseases. Furthermore there was no evidence that coffee or its caffeine content are able to induce genetic alterations or even malformations.
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PMID:[Coffee and health]. 60 27

In 37 patients with hypertension and/or renal disease, blood from a peripheral and a renal vein was drawn during renal vein catheterization. The serum gastrin concentrations were determined and found by paired comparison to be statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the peripheral than in the renal vein. A test meal was given to 9 male controls and 7 male azotemic patients, and the serum gastrin concentration response determined. The mean fasting serum gastrin values were 173 +/- 22 pg/ml in the group of patients versus 42 +/- 5.5 pg/ml in the controls. The serum gastrin response was significantly higher and of longer duration in the azotemic patients than in the controls. The pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was, however, equal in the two groups.
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PMID:Serum gastrin response to food stimulation in male azotemic patients. 118 2

A number of cardiovascular and endocrine responses which occur during and after feeding in the unweaned calf are described. 2. There was a substantial increase in both heart rate and mean aortic blood pressure during feeding in these animals. This occurred within the first few seconds and persisted throughout the period of ingestion. 3. The concentrations of glucose, insulin and gastrin in arterial plasma rose abruptly during, or immediately after, feeding and elevated values persisted for at least 2 hr. A transient increase in glucagon concentration was also observed. In contrast, feeding appeared to produce no immediate rise in enteroglucagon concentration. 4. The adrenal output of glucocorticoids rose transiently in response to feeding but that of catecholamines was unaffected. 5. Cardiovascular responses to feeding were also examined in other species. In unweaned kids the changes were essentially similar to those observed in the calf but were less pronounced. In lambs a persistent hypertension occurred which was associated with a brief initial tachycardia. In adult dogs ingestion of solid food also caused tachycardia but although the aortic blood pressure rose for a short period at the beginning of feeding, hypotension developed thereafter. 6. The possibility that both the cardiovascular and endocrine responses, which occur during or immediately after feeding, are mediated by the autonomic nervous system is discussed.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to feeding in the young calf. 120 79

In 40 patients (pts) with essential hypertension (EH) the plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin during 2 week therapy with nifedipine were evaluated. In pts with EH there were higher levels of hormones than in control subjects. During nifedipine therapy there was no elevation of the plasma hormone levels although the blood pressure was lowered. This study shows that there are other than hypertension factors in the pathogenesis of elevated hormone levels in EH.
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PMID:[Essential hypertension. Treatment with nifedipine and levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin]. 194 46

The occurrence and distribution of peptide-containing nerve fibers to the cerebral circulation are described. Immunocytochemical studies have revealed that cerebral blood vessels are invested with nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In addition, there are studies reporting the occurrence of putative neurotransmitters such as cholecystokinin, dynorphin B, galanin, gastrin releasing peptide, vasopressin, neurotensin, and somatostatin. The nerves occur as a longitudinally oriented network around large cerebral arteries. There is often a richer supply of nerve fibers around arteries than veins. The origin of these nerve fibers has been studied by retrograde tracing and denervation experiments. These techniques, in combination with immunocytochemistry, have revealed a rather extensive innervation pattern. Several ganglia, such as the superior cervical ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the otic ganglion, and small local ganglia at the base of the skull, contribute to the innervation. Sensory fibers seem to derive from the trigeminal ganglion, the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex, and from dorsal root ganglia at level C2. The noradrenergic and most of the NPY fibers derive from the superior cervical ganglion. A minor population of the NPY-containing fibers contains VIP instead of NA and emanates from the sphenopalatine ganglion. The cholinergic and the VIP-containing fibers derive from the sphenopalatine ganglion, the otic ganglion, and from small local ganglia at the base of the skull. Most of the SP-, NKA-, and CGRP-containing fibers derive from the trigeminal ganglion. Minor contributions may emanate from the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex and from the spinal dorsal root ganglia. NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor in vitro and in situ. VIP, PHI, SP, NKA, and CGRP act via different mechanisms to induce cerebrovascular dilatation. The sympathetic, the parasympathetic, and the sensory systems appear to be involved in modulating cerebrovascular tone in hypertension and in conditions of threatening vasoconstriction, e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage and migraine.
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PMID:Neuropeptides in the cerebral circulation. 270 77

The aims of this study were to determine the prognosis for women with different symptoms and signs indicating ischaemic heart disease and to relate entry characteristics to events of ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and to overall mortality during a 12-year follow-up period. A prospective cohort study was started as a cross-sectional investigation in 1968-69 (1462 participants aged 38-60, participation rate 90.1%). The same sample was re-studied in 1980-81 (1154 participants, participation rate 78.9% of those studied in 1968-69). In addition, a clinical series comprising all women of similar age in Gothenburg with myocardial infarction during the years 1968-70 (47 women) was followed up for 12 years. The 12-year overall mortality rate for women with initial myocardial infarction in the clinical series was 45%. The 12-year overall mortality rates for women who at the time of the initial study either were considered to have angina pectoris or showed electrocardiographic changes indicating ischaemic heart disease at rest or at work were 10%, 17% and 10% respectively (expected figures 7%, 12% and 10%). Twenty-three women (1.6%) developed myocardial infarction during the follow-up period (8 fatal, 15 non-fatal). New symptoms of angina pectoris were recorded in 56 women (4.0%), new electrocardiographic changes indicating ischaemic heart disease in 73 women (6.0%), and new signs of stroke in 13 women (0.9%). Altogether 75 women (5.1%) died during the follow-up period. These five end-points were taken into consideration. Women with previously untreated arterial hypertension were offered control visits during the follow-up period and were prescribed antihypertensive drugs when clinically indicated. In this group of women, hypertension was not a predictor for any of the end-points. No other systematic intervention was carried out. Increased abdominal adiposity, increased serum triglycerides and low peak expiratory flow were independent predictors of at least three of the end-points studied: myocardial infarction, stroke and death. Increased abdominal adiposity was also an independent predictor of angina pectoris. Initial diabetes was an independent predictor of both myocardial infarction and of death. Low energy intake predicted myocardial infarction and electrocardiographic changes indicating ischaemic heart disease. High serum gastrin levels predicted myocardial infarction. Low education and high degree of mental disorder were independent predictors of angina pectoris. Physical inactivity at leisure and physical inactivity at work were independent predictors of stroke and of death, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and total mortality in women--results from a prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. 387 72

Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare neoplasms. Four surgically resected tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 36 years. All patients had hypertension and elevated urine catecholamine levels. Three tumors were located on the posterior left atrium, and one tumor was located in the interventricular groove at the aortic root. The tumors ranged in size from 5 to 7 cm, and they displayed a prominent Zellballen pattern without significant necrosis or mitosis. The tumors were mostly unencapsulated and infiltrated adjacent cardiac tissue in two cases. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that all tumors were positive for chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase. Three tumors were positive for methionine enkephalin. Positive staining for S-100 protein was seen in the sustentacular cells of all tumors but was negative in chromaffin cells. All tumors were negative for insulin, glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide, and rat atrial peptide. Ultrastructural studies of all four tumors showed moderate numbers of predominantly norepinephrine-type granules and a few epinephrine-type granules. These results show that cardiac paragangliomas are commonly found in close proximity to the left atrium and have immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features similar to other paragangliomas.
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PMID:Cardiac paragangliomas. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of four cases. 390 77

The effects of oral administration of 2 mg prazosin on several metabolic and endocrine variables were evaluated in 12 patients with hypertension (6 with normal and 6 with abnormal glucose tolerance). Prazosin was followed by a rise in plasma glucose and serum free fatty acids (FFA) in both normal and diabetic subjects; there was a trend upward in serum albumin (IRI), but growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and gastrin did not change. Although these results are in general agreement with metabolic effects of other alpha adrenergic blockers already reported, the rise in plasma glucose is at variance with studies performed with phentolamine.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of prazosin. 610

The influences of renal function and mass on the catabolism of serum gastrin were studied in 27 patients with hypertension caused by unilateral parenchymal renal disease (77.8%), renal artery stenosis (11.1%) and essential hypertension (11.1%). Blood for gastrin analysis was taken by catheterization from the aorta, inferior vena cava, renal veins and cubital vein. Separate renal functions were measured using radioisotope methods and the renal mass was also calculated. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in serum gastrin concentration between the aorta (29.5 +/- 6.7 pmol/l), inferior vena cava (23.4 +/- 5.8 pmol/l) and cubital vein (19.4 +/- 4.5 pmol/l) were found. Extrarenal gastrin extraction amounted to 12.5% and was considerably lower than renal gastrin extraction (20.5%). There was a significant positive correlation between renal gastrin extraction and renal blood flow or renal functional mass. Kidneys have an important, but not exclusive, role in the catabolism of endogenous gastrin in humans. In the catabolism of some, or at least some molecular forms of, gastrin, the capillary systems of extrarenal tissues have an important role.
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PMID:Influence of renal functional mass on the catabolism of endogenous gastrin in humans. 769 40


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