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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood levels of testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and the metabolic clearance rates of testosterone and estradiol, as well as the peripheral conversion of testosterone into estradiol, were measured in 16 patients with hypertension. Six of these patients were treated with spironolactone and developed gynecomastia. The other 10 patients served as control subjects. The blood testosterone level in the spironolactone-treated group (2.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) was significantly less (P less than 0.02) than in the control group (4.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml). On the other hand, blood estradiol levels in the spironolactone group (30 +/- 4 pg/ml) were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than in the control group (13 +/- 2 pg/ml). These changes were primarily due to significant increases in the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone (P less than 0.02) and in the rate of peripheral conversion of testosterone into estradiol (P less than 0.001) in the spironolactone-treated group. Thus, spironolactone does alter the peripheral metabolism of testosterone resulting in changes in the ratio of testosterone to estradiol, which could contribute to the production of gynecomastia.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of spironolactone-induced gynecomastia. 90 38

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relation of blood pressure to sexual maturation in 229 boys and 189 girls, 10 to 14 years of age. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the systolic and diastolic pressure with the level of serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in either sex. Nor was there a significant correlation with the stage of pubic hair development in the boys nor with the stage of breast development, menarche, and duration since menarche in the girls. Therefore the presence of hypertension during 10 to 14 years of age should not be regarded as a physiologic response to pubertal development, but rather as a suspicious finding which deserves careful follow-up examinations.
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PMID:Blood pressure and puberty. 108 Nov 36

We experienced 41 cases of Cushing's syndrome (12 males and 29 females, 15 years old - 65 years old) during the last 20 years. These included 20 patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma (Cushing's syndrome), 19 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's disease), one patient with adrenal carcinoma and one patient with primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia (PAND). Moreover, these cases included some special ones, i.e. 5 cases with destructive thyroiditis after treatment, 2 cases with aggravation of arthritis after treatment, a case of Carney's complex with PAND, one case with paradoxical response to dexamethasone, and one case combined with empty sella syndrome. The most specific clinical signs were moon face (95% occurrence), hypertension (95%) and subcutaneous bruising (80%). Other significant signs were eye edema (66%), buffalo hump (68%), subcutaneous purpura (63%) and osteoporosis (49%). Skin striae was not a common sign in our cases (41%). Renal stone was observed in only 20% of our patients but was a significant sign in this syndrome. There was no difference in the occurrence of each clinical sign between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease. The elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and serum sodium, a decrease of serum potassium, and a decrease of reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP) were observed. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human growth hormone (HGH) were suppressed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease. These results were consistent with those of previous reports. However, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were high in those patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with Cushing's disease. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 34 patients before and after treatment. Thirty-one percent of those had diabetes mellitus and 26% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The response of IRI in this test was high in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease, and decreased 4 weeks after treatment in those with Cushing's syndrome but remained high in those with Cushing's disease. Plasma ACTH level and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were significantly higher in Cushing's disease than in Cushing's syndrome. During an 8mg-high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, urinary 17-OHCS excretion in 13 of 14 patients with Cushing's disease (93%) was suppressed by more than 50% of baseline on the second day of testing. However, all of 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome, who had an 8mg-dexamethasone suppression test, failed to suppress urinary 17-OHCS by 50% of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Forty-one cases of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison between Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) and Cushing's disease (adrenal hyperplasia)]. 163 31

With an increasing emphasis on competition and winning in all levels of sports, many athletes in strength events use anabolic steroids in an effort to increase their strength and enhance their performance. The evidence on behalf of this practice is inconclusive, and the potential risks include jaundice, hypercholesterolemia, fluid retention, hypertension and liver abnormalities. Additionally, the effect on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone may alter sexual status.
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PMID:Anabolic steroids in athletics. 646 45

To assess the potential of antihypertensive drugs for interference with somatic growth and sexual development in hypertensive children, the effect of clonidine therapy on various endocrine, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular functions has been examined in five male adolescents with idiopathic hypertension. In studies done before and at the end of 4 weeks of twice-daily clonidine therapy, in an average daily dose of 0.31 mg, no significant effects were noted in the secretory patterns of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, cortisol, aldosterone, or testosterone, measured in blood obtained every 20 minutes for 24 hours. In blood obtained while the patients were supine and then erect, plasma renin activity and norepinephrine levels were significantly lowered after clonidine therapy. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise were little altered beyond a 17% decrease in maximal oxygen consumption. The performance of fine motor skills was minimally altered. These data provide preliminary evidence that clonidine, an antihypertensive drug that affects the adrenergic nervous system, may not interfere with normal growth and maturation in adolescent males.
Hypertension
PMID:Effects of clonidine on 24-hour hormonal secretory patterns, cardiovascular hemodynamics, and central nervous function in hypertensive adolescents. 676 72

Subderman estradiol (E2) pellets (25 mg) were inserted immediately after hysterectomy and oophorectomy in 22 menstruating women, ages 29 to 50 years. Serum samples were obtained daily for 7 days, weekly for 4 weeks, and at monthly intervals for 6 months. Although there was significant variation between patients, E2 levels remained within the follicular phase range, averaging 50 to 70 pg/ml for 3 months, and then slowly declining to a mean of 37 pg/ml at 6 months, when new pellets were inserted. Over the entire study period, the E2:estrone (E1) ratio was greater than unity. Subdermal E2 pellets limited the rise in luteinzing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after gonadectomy and the levels of LH and FSH 6 months after the insertion of E2 pellets were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than in 20 postmenopausal women who had undergone oophorectomy and whose serum E2 levels were less than 20 pg/ml. Serum corticosteroid binding globulin-binding capacity (CBG-BC) and serum testosterone-estradiol binding globulin-binding capacity (TeBG-BC) remained unchanged with E2 pellets. Although high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly (p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were unaffected, except for a rise in triglycerides in three older women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. There were no complaints of severe hot flushes. Women who had vasomotor symptaoms had mild or moderate flushes that occurred at 5 or 6 months after replacements of the pellets. Thus, E2 pellets are an effective form of parenteral estrogen replacement therapy and offer both practical and theorteical advantages over other forms of estrogen.
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PMID:Subdermal estradiol pellets following hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Effect upon serum estrone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, corticosteroid binding globulin-binding capacity, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin-binding capacity, lipids, and hot flushes. 677 14

Hypertension is often cited as a risk factor for erectile dysfunction. To clarify the relation between hypertension and erectile dysfunction, we evaluated 32 consecutive hypertensive and 78 normotensive impotent men with respect to multiple potential determinants and parameters of erectile function, including medical and sexual history, depression, hormonal profile, penile nocturnal tumescence, penile vascular supply, and pudendal nerve conduction. The hypertensive men were older, had higher body mass index, and used more medications than the normotensive men. The groups were not different with respect to the prevalence of smoking and peripheral vascular disease, but the hypertensive men had a marginally higher rate of ischemic heart disease (P = .06). The prevalence of depression, abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence, anomalous pudendal nerve conduction, and impairment in arterial supply as determined by penile brachial index were similar in the two groups. Testosterone and bioavailable testosterone levels were lower in the hypertensive men. After stratification by age and body mass index, hypertensive men younger than 50 years with body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 had significantly lower testosterone levels (12.0 +/- 1.7 versus 21.3 +/- 1.4 nmol/L, P < .02) but not bioavailable testosterone levels (3.9 +/- 0.7 versus 6.4 +/- 0.7 nmol/L, P < .17) than the corresponding normotensive group. Prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels of the two groups were not significantly different. Contrary to common belief and with the exception of lower circulating testosterone levels, the overall analysis showed little difference between hypertensive and normotensive men with respect to a wide range of classic determinants of erectile function. Direct study of the local vascular erectile apparatus appears necessary for further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men.
Hypertension 1996 Nov
PMID:Erectile dysfunction in hypertensive subjects. Assessment of potential determinants. 890 35

To assess the effect of testosterone enanthate on the suppression of spermatogenesis, 17 healthy Thai men received weekly intramuscular injections (200 mg) of the hormone, and spermatogenesis was monitored during the suppression, efficacy, and recovery phases. All subjects reached the oligozoospermic threshold during the suppression phase. Median times for the first semen sample to reach sperm concentrations of 5, 3, 1, and 0 million/ml were 58, 70, 84, and 85 days, respectively, and both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were suppressed below the detection limit. 14 men (82.3%) were consistently azoospermic from the onset of the efficacy phase, while the 3 initially oligozoospermic subjects achieved azoospermia. Variations in rates of azoospermia were unrelated to age, body size, initial testicular volume, or baseline sperm concentrations. There were 2 discontinuations during this phase (due to abnormal liver function tests in 1 case and weight gain and hypertension in another). After injections were stopped, sperm first reappeared in the ejaculate after a median interval of 73 days and normal sperm concentrations were recorded at 3.9 months. Plasma FSH and LH levels rebounded after a median time of 3 months. These findings confirm the potential of testosterone injection as a safe, reversible, effective method of male hormonal contraception.
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PMID:Suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone enanthate in Thai men. 899 96

To assess the safety and efficacy of testosterone enanthate as a fertility control method, 17 healthy Thai men 21-45 years of age were administered weekly intramuscular injections of 200 mg of the androgen. All men were in stable relationships in which fertility had been established by a prior pregnancy. The study consisted of suppression, efficacy, and recovery phases. The median time required for the first semen sample to show azoospermia was 85 days. The three men who entered the efficacy phase still oligozoospermic (sperm concentrations under 3 million/ml) all achieved azoospermia early in the 12-month evaluation. There were no pregnancies during 6 months of exposure involving men with severe oligozoospermia and 152 months of exposure in azoospermic men. The regimen was associated with significant increases in body weight, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and testosterone and decreases in testicular volume, plasma urea, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Plasma LH and FSH levels recovered to pretreatment levels after cessation of treatment. Two men discontinued during the efficacy phase: one because of weight gain and hypertension, and another due to abnormal liver function tests. Testosterone has the advantages of providing simultaneous gonadotropin suppression and androgen replacement, making it an ideal single-agent hormonal male contraceptive. Compliance would be improved by the use of long-acting depot preparations. Although this study confirms testosterone's well-sustained suppression of spermatogenesis and lack of short-term adverse effects, long-term effects on cardiovascular and prostatic disease require investigation.
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PMID:Contraceptive efficacy and adverse effects of testosterone enanthate in Thai men. 907 Oct 80

About 85% of all births in the US occur to women under 35 years of age. According to the US National Survey of Family Growth, women aged 35-39 years expect to have an additional 0.3 births while those 40-44 years anticipate only 0.1 additional births. Thus, there is a need to protect women age 35 years and over from unwanted pregnancy until menopause occurs. Sterilization continues to be the most common choice for married women older than 30 years. The IUD may be an excellent alternative to sterilization. Oral contraceptive (OC) use declines in women over 35 years because of concerns about increased cardiovascular risk. However, new studies have indicated myocardial risk in older women is mainly limited to women with other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, the OC-related benefits of protection against ovarian and endometrial cancer, reduced menstrual blood loss, and increased bone density are especially important to women over 35 years. Since it is impossible to diagnose menopause within the pill-free week, OC users should stop the pill for a month at around 50 years of age to allow accurate follicle-stimulating hormone measurement.
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PMID:Contraception at age 35 years and older. 991 50


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